Objective To analyze the incidence, clinical feature and late complications, and treatment for diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninty children with type 1 diabetes mellitus within 10 years were retrospectively reviewed.The onset situation,clinical feature and long-term complication,and treatment of DKA were analized.Results High morbidity was found in 10 to 16 years old children.DKA was often caused by infection; late complications of diabetes mellitus was resulted from interrupted injection of insulin.Conclusions Emergency treatment for DKA may involve the injection of small dose insulin,correction of the disorder of water and electrolysis and regulation of acid-base.The education of patients and parents about diabetes mellitus and long-term injection of insulin are of importance in preventing the complications.

Undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 100 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-?2 (PPAR-?2) mRNA expression and adiponectin secretion in cultured cells were measured.The results showed that TNF-?suppressed PPAR-?2 mRNA expression and adiponeetin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (P

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the treatment outcome of multimodal treatment for 196 patients with locoregional recurrent esophageal cancer after curative treatment and to determine the prognostic factors of recurrence.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety six patients with locoregional recurrent esophageal cancer curatively treated in our hospital were included in this study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate. Log rank test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups. Multivariate survival analysis was conducted using a Cox proportional hazard regression model with a backward stepwise procedure.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 29.8%, 5.9% and 4.0%, respectively, with a median survival time of 8.0 months. The univariate analysis showed that ECOG PS, the interval between initial treatment and recurrence, the regimens of initial treatment and retreatment were independent prognostic factors. The multivariate analysis showed that the regimens of initial treatment and retreatment were independent prognostic factors. Retreatment methods significantly influenced the survival. The median survival time of chemoradiotherapy, radiation therapy alone, chemotherapy alone, EGFR-TKI and best supportive care were 13.0, 7.0, 6.0, 4.0 and 3.0 months, respectively (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis of patients with locoregional recurrent esophageal cancer after curative treatment is poor. The main prognostic factors are the regimens of initial treatment and retreatment. Multimodal treatment including radiotherapy and chemotherapy may improve the long-term survival of the patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; therapy ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; therapy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective To observe the protective effects of a mixture for protecting liver and supplementing stomach (保肝益胃合剂) on rat acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4). Methods The model of rat acute liver damage was established by injection of CCl_4 2 ml/kg into the abdominal cavity.The rat models were treated respectively by the mixture for protecting liver and supplementing stomach 30 g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),the polyene phosphatide acid radical choline capsule [Yi Shanfu (易善复), 180 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)],the glycyrrhizic acid diaminogen capsule [Gan Lixin (甘利欣),30 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)] infused into the stomach.The activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected.In the mean time,the liver pathological changes were observed,the degree of liver cell necrosis was evaluated,and the rat mortality was noted in various groups of treatment.Results The values of ALT,AST and the score of liver cell necrosis in the group treated with the mixture for protecting liver and supplementing stomach [(1.168?1.066) kU/L,(1.845?2.212) kU/L,(0.56?0.53) score] were significantly lower than those in the model group [(4.982?3.502) kU/L,(7.030?3.616) kU/L, (1.38?0.92) scores],and all the differences being statistically significant (all P

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance and the role of the p53 gene mutation in the exon 4 to 8 in keloid fibroblasts.

METHODSTissue samples from twelve patients with keloid and twelve hyperplastic scar respectively were harvested for in vitro culture of fibroblasts, and normal skin samples from the same patients were employed as the control. Polymerase chain reaction-based single-strained conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing were employed to detect p53 gene mutations of the fibroblasts.

RESULTSThe points and frameshift mutations in the exon 4, 5, 6, 7 of p53 gene were identified in 9 of the 12 keloid tissue samples. No p53 gene mutation was detected in all hyperplastic scar and normal skin samples.

CONCLUSIONp53 gene mutation might play an important role in the formation and development of keloids.

Female ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; Male ; Mutation

This paper discusses the application of virtual reality technology in the 3-D visible human body and acupuncture research. Based on the 3-D visible human fused with the localization information and hierarchy of acupoints, the paper analyzes the force against the needle and haptic rendering during the needle manipulation according to the physical properties of different tissues. A haptic model is constructed to demonstrate the force behaviors during acupuncture, and the force will be produced and passed to the manipulator by a force feedback device. It enriches the contents of 3-D visible human project, provides a dynamic simulation instrument for acupuncture teaching, and supplies a platform for acupuncture research.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; China ; Computer Simulation ; Feedback ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; User-Computer Interface ; Visible Human Projects

OBJECTIVESTo investigate whether the association between low birth weight and increased risk of developing premature adrenarche, adrenal hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance is apparent in prepubertal girls born small for gestational age (SGA) and analyze when adrenarche occurs in SGA infants and normal birth weight girls.

METHODSThe study was performed in 39 prepubertal SGA girls with a mean age of 7.4 +/- 1.7 years and 42 prepubertal appropriate for gestational age (AGA) girls with a mean age of 7.4 +/- 1.7 years served as controls. All children were born at term and were prepubertal. Detailed physical examination was performed for all the children after 12 h of overnight fasting. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of fasting glucose (FPG), insulin (FIns), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol and estradiol concentrations. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by insulin sensitivity index [IAI = log(e) (FPG x FIns)].

RESULTThere was no premature adrenarche in SGA and AGA groups. Birth weight was significantly lower in SGA group (P < 0.001). Gestational age was similar in both groups. At the time of the study, the ages, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, cortisol and estradiol did not significantly differ between the two groups. But body height and weight were significantly lower in the SGA group (P < 0.05 for both). The fasting plasma insulin in the SGA group was higher than that in AGA group (common logarithmic transformation: 1.076 +/- 0.041 vs. 1.050 +/- 0.051, P < 0.05). The insulin sensitivity index was not significantly different between the two groups (-4.0165 +/- 0.1761 vs. -3.9768 +/- 0.2314). The serum DHEAS was significantly higher in SGA children than in AGA children (common logarithmic transformation: 2.637 +/- 0.271 vs. 2.514 +/- 0.250, P < 0.05). From about age 7 the concentration of DHEAS had a gradual rise in AGA children. The time of DHEAS rise tended to be earlier in SGA children compared with AGA children.

CONCLUSIONSAdrenarche commences at approximately 7 years of age in AGA girls. The time of adrenarche tended to be earlier in SGA girls compared with AGA girls. There were adrenal hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism in prepubertal girls born small for gestational age. But there was no insulin resistance as assessed by insulin sensitivity index.

Body Size ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Puberty ; physiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of relapsing polychondritis (RP) in childhood.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of three cases of childhood RP from our hospital on clinical features, diagnosis and treatment was performed, data of the other sixteen cases from MEDLINE were also reviewed. Clinical features of all nineteen children with RP were compared with adults with RP.

RESULTSThe age of the three cases at the time of diagnosis ranged from 10 years to 15 years (the minimum age was 2 years in the literature). The course from onset of clinical symptom to making definite diagnosis varied from 3 months to 9 months (from 3 months to 2 years in the literature). In the three cases, childhood RP affected multiple system/organs, and produced diverse clinical manifestations such as arthritis, auricular chondritis, nasal chondritis (leading to a saddle nose deformity), conjunctivitis and so on. Also, tracheostomy was performed because of severe difficulty in breathing for all the 3 cases. Compared with adult RP, involvement of respiratory system existed in 78.9% of childhood patients, which was more frequent and serious than that of adult cases with RP (35.2%); arthritis was the most common clinical manifestation and first symptoms; Fewer children with RP were associated with other autoimmune diseases than adults. Although both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels were high in the three cases, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) were all negative, it was difficult to define the diagnosis of RP because there were no specific laboratory indicators for diagnosis. The confirmation of diagnosis of two cases was relied on clinical criteria, while another case got pathological material for diagnostic support. CT images with three-dimensional reconstruction of the respiratory tract were helpful for early diagnosis of childhood RP. All the three patients were responsive to glucocorticoid, especially to methylprednisolone, however, recurrence of RP was frequent. Treatment with etanercept was successful in one case with refractory RP.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important to obtain detailed medical history, complete physical examination and do necessary laboratory and imaging tests (e.g. CT images with three-dimensional reconstruction of the airways, pulmonary function tests and so on) for reducing misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants are usually effective for childhood RP, but the effects may not be lasting. Etanercept may be a new option to treat refractory RP in childhood.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Polychondritis, Relapsing ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Research Report ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish a new quality evaluation method for traditional Chinese medicine preparations, using one chemical reference substance to calcutate multi-components simultaneously.

METHODEmployed puerarin as the maker component, puerarin relative correction factors (RCF) of salvianolic acid B to puerarin and paidzein to puerarin were calcatated in the chromatographic conditions for determination of the three components in Guanmaikang capsules. The contents of Puerarin were determined by external standard method, and those of salvianolic acid B and paidzein were calculated by puerarin and their RCF. The accuracy of the new method was evaluated by comparing the calculated contents with the determined.

RESULTThe analysis methods were established, and it has been no significant difference between the calculated contents and determined contents.

CONCLUSIONSThe method can control the components without providing salvianolic acid B and paidzein reference. It is to be a suitable quality evaluation pattern for TCM Preparation.

Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Reference Standards