Objective To investigate the immunity effects of quorum sensing in the pulmonary infection in rats due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Method(1)300 healthy,clean Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa(the wide-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its double mutant PAO-JP2,in which the quorum sensing systems were defective,embedded in minute seaweed algiante beads which was made by an ejection set with an acuminate hole were inoculated to Sprague-Dawley rats to establish animal model of chronic pulmonary infection.The control group were dealed with the same methods using the sterile brine instead.(2)The levels of antibody IgG,IgM,IgG1,IgG2a to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera and cytokines including interferon-?(IFN-?),Interleukin-4(IL-4)in lung homogenate was measured at 3,7,14,28 days after infection.Results(1)The mortality in the PAO1-JP2-infected group(11.0%)was significantly lower than that of the PAO1-infected group(29.7%)and the control group(4.21%).(2) Compared with the PAO-JP2 group,during the early stages of infection(3 days after infection),the IFN-?level in lung homogenates was significantly higher;during the middle stages of infection(7 days after infection),the levels of IFN-?and IL-4 of PAO1-infected rats were significantly higher;In the later stages of infection(14 to 28 days after infection),levles of IFN-?,IgG2a were lower,while levels of IL-4,IgG,IgG1 were higher persistantly in PAO1-infected rats.Conclusions Quorum sensing system play an important role in pathogenesis and immunity effects of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection via modulating the expression of virulence factors and interfering with the immune system of hosts.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different pressure oxygen pre-breathing in preventing decompression sickness of rats.

METHODSForty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: decompression sickness (DCS) group and three oxygen pre-breathing groups with 1 ATA, 2 ATA and 3 ATA pressure respectively. The rats of DCS group were placed in the hyperbaric chamber and the chamber was compressed evenly within 3 minutes to depths of 7 absolute atmosphere(ATA) and held at the designated depth for 60 min, then decompressed (3 min) at constant speed to the surface pressure. After that, the rats were taken out for further detection. While the rats of oxygen pretreatment groups pre-breathed different pressure oxygen for 20 min before entering into chamber. The mortality and behavioral of rats were observed with 30 min post decompression. The dry/wet ratio of the lung, protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) expression were also tested.

RESULTSCompared with that of the DCS group, the mortality and morbidity of oxygen pre-breathe groups didn't change obviously. But the total BALF protein level and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha expression of 1 ATA oxygen pre-breathe group were obviously decreased, while the dry/wet ratio of lung as obviously increased instead (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlthough preoxygenation can' t obviously change the mortality and mobidity of rats, normal pressure oxygen pre-breathing can mitigate the protein infiltration in BALF and the expression of inflammatory cytokine in lung tissue.

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Decompression Sickness ; Diving ; Lung ; pathology ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

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Objective Platelet aggregation, activation induced by bubbles is the main cause of decompression sick-ness.Clopidogrel(Clo) can decrease platelet aggregation through inhibiting the bind of fibrinogen and ADP .This study is designed to find if Clopidogrel can paly a protective role in decompression sickness and explore the intervention mechanism . Methods Totally 111 male SD rats divided into 3 groups:normal control group (n=20), decompression sickness(DCS) group(n=46), and DCS+Clo(Clopidogrel)treated decompression sickness (DCS+Clo)group(n=45).The rats in DCS and DCS+Clo group were placed in chamber and compressed to 1.5 MPa at speed of 2t/4 , the time of compression and res-idence was 4.5 min totally, then decompressed to surface at a speed of 3 m/s.The mortality and behavioral of rats were ob-served within 30 min post decompression .The pathology and the wet/dry ratio of lung , WBC and platelet counts in periph-eral blood, the expression of activated platelets , and immunohistochemical detection of lung tissue CD 41 expression were also been tested .Results We found Clo reduces the DCS mortality risk ( mortality rate:11/45 in DCS+Clo group vs 28/46 in DCS group, P<0.01).Clo reduced the lung injury, the wet/dry ratio of lung, the accumulation of platelet and leu-kocyte in lung , the WBC counts and activated platelets in peripheral blood .Conclusion Clo can play a protective role in decompression sickness through reducing post-decompression platelet consumption and activation , decreasing the activation of leukocytes .

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the development of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) among patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide insights into manangement of NPDR. Methods: T2DM patients without obvious eye discomfort at ages of 18 years and older admitted to Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital during the period from December 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled. Participants' demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical history of diabetes and use of medicines were collected, and the height, weight and blood pressure were measured. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, blood C-peptide, lipid and creatinine were tested, and retinopathy was examined with a non-mydriatic fundus camera. The factors affecting the development of NPDR were identified among T2DM patients using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 486 T2DM patients were enrolled, including 354 men (72.84%), with a median age of 48.00 (15.25) years, and median diabetes duration of 35.00 (104.25) months. The prevalence of NPDR was 19.34% among the participants. multivariable logistic regression analysis identified an educational level of senior high school and above (OR=0.546, 95%CI: 0.325-0.918), duration of diabetes (OR=1.008, 95%CI: 1.005-1.012), HbA1c (OR=1.183, 95%CI: 1.034-1.354) and use of non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues (OR=1.859, 95%CI: 1.082-3.196) as factors affecting the risk of NPDR among T2DM patients. Conclusion A high risk of NPDR is found among T2DM patients with a low educational level, long duration of diabetes, poor HbA1c control and use of non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues.

Due to the low effectiveness of traditional assisted reproductive technology (ART), new technological possibilities are constantly explored. Lots of studies have demonstrated the potential of microfluidics to revolutionize the fundamental processes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). With the advantages of high efficiency, short time, harmless collection, real-time observation of separation, similar microenvironment, and automation, the application of microfluidics in sperm isolation and IVF has shown an evident superiority over the conventional approaches and provided a new platform for ART. This review highlights the application of various microfluidic techniques in sperm motility assessment and isolation, sperm chemotaxis assay, IVF, sperm concentration, and sperm separation and enrichment in recent years. It also briefly introduces the basic principles, structural design, and operation processes of the microfluidic platform, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the potential of their clinical application. Obviously, there are still some challenges to the application of microfluidics in ART. However, it is believed that the development of this new technology would be toward a highly integrated application of several steps in one single device, known as IVF-lab-on-a-chip.
Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Microfluidics ; methods ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of combination chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin(EP)regimen on the patients with high-risk,chemorefractory and recurrent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia(GTN).Methods Thirty-nine patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors were analyzed retrospectively,25 of 39 patients were of high-risk,9 patients were chemorefractory and 5 patients were recurrent.All 39 patients were administrated with EP regimen,and 10 patients were assisted with surgery.All the patients were followed up.Clinical response,toxicity,the occurrence of secondary tumors of all patients,and the fertility of 30 patients whose fertility function was preserved were investigated. Results Thirty-nine GTN patients underwent a total of 221 cycles of the EP regimen.The average number of courses for each patient was 5.7.The total complete remission rate of the regimen was 74%(29/39). Twenty-five patients with high-risk GTN received a total of 139 cycles and the average number of courses was 5.6.Nineteen patients achieved complete remission and 6 patients showed drug-resistant.The complete remission rate of the high-risk group was 76%(19/25).Nine patients with chemorefractory GTN obtained a total of 55 cycles and the average number of courses was 6.1.Six patients achieved complete remission and 3 patients showed drug-resistant again.The complete remission rate of the chemorefractory group was 6/9. Five patients with recurrent GTN received 27 cycles and the average number of courses was 5.4.Four patients achieved complete remission,1 patient showed drug-resistance and died.Bone marrow toxicity, gastrointestinal reaction and alopecia were the main side effects of the EP regimen,but the bone marrow toxicity was slight and no grade Ⅳ side effect occurred.No fatal effect was found.Eight of 30 patients whose fertility faction was preserved had become pregnant after recovery,with a total of 8 pregnancies.Among them,2 were terminated by induced abortion,and 6 underwent normal term delivery and gained 6 infants who had no congenital malformation.All the 6 children had normal growth and development after childbirth. None of the women developed secondary tumors.Conclusion The EP regimen is effective and safe for the treatment of high-risk,chemorefractory and recurrent GTN.

Justified the necessity of remote pathology consultation in China, and described the basic approach of such consultation in terms of the conditions, organizational framework, specialists and consultation process of the hospital. on the basis of benefit in pationts, the consultation helps the development of the pathology department and other specialist departments at the same time, builds initially a pathology quality control system, and accelerates the multi-discipline diagnosis and treatment approach. Expect to encourage contemplation on international remote pathology consultation in an effort to improve such a practice for the benefit of patients.

Objective To study the effect of nicardipine on fast floating escape induced lung injury in animal models with decompression sickness .Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups:blank control, control and nicardipine groups .The nicardipine group was given nicardipine 50 mg/kg orally 0.5 h before entrance.In the control group, rats were given an equal volume of saline 0.5 h before entrance.The blank control group only stayed in the vehicle without any pressurized procedure .The air was pressurized at the 2t/7 exponential rate to 1.5 Mpa which was maintained for 4 min, and then uniformly decompressed to atmospheric pressure .The extravehicular survival and lung pathology were observed in rats after 0.5 h, IL1-βand TNF-αexpression levels were detected by ELISA , and the Caspase 3 expression in lung tissue was detected by Western blot .Results The incidence and mortality rate were 80%and 50%respectively in control group ,and 100%and 80%in the experimental group .The surviving animals in the two groups suffered from alveolar and interstitial lung hemorrhage , with widened interstitial lung .IL1-βin the experimental group was significantly higher than in the normal control group , while TNF-αhad no significant change .After nicardipine treatment pro-caspase 3 did not change significantly , but cleaved-caspase 3 increased significantly .Conclusion Nicardipine can aggravate lung injury caused by fast floating escape-induced decompression sickness if used before decompression.

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and effects of one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base.Methods The clinical data of 13 pediatric cases with one-stage reconstruction surgery for comminuted and depressed fractures of the frontal bone and anterior skull base were reviewed retrospectively,including 8 male and 5 female,aged from 4 to 14 years,with a mean age of 8 years.Admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 2 cases,9 to 11 scores in 4 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 7 cases.The intraoperative one-stage osseous and vascular pedicle membranous reconstruction of frontal bone and anterior skull base had been performed in all patients.The periosteum-bone fragments-periosteum had been used in 4 cases whose bony defect diameter of anterior cranial fossa was over 1 cm,multimodality therapy were carried out postoperatively.The follow-ups were regularly executed after discharge.Results GCS at discharge was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 1 case,9 to 11 scores in 2 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 10 cases.No significant difference was found in GCS between those on admission and at discharge(χ2=3.02,P>0.05).Eleven cases had a phenomenon of nasal hemorrhage and the duration was not exceeding 48 hours.No intracranial infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in all patients.All patients received an acceptable appearance without obvious frontal depre-ssion or proptosis.Postoperative computed tomography image showed normal cranial volume,well reset of fracture pieces,no fracture pieces existing in intracerebral tissue,satisfactory hematoma evacuation,and orbital contents without compression.The complications like cerebrospinal fluid leakage,poor incision healing,brain abscess or mucous cyst had not been found in all patients from 3 months to 6 years follow-up period.Conclusions The one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base suggests a better prognosis,effectively less complications,which helps to avoid secondary surgery,but regular follow-ups are absolutely necessary.This procedure is worth applying and spreading to pediatric patients and medical institutions if necessary.