The article put across Meta-analysis well by giving its definition and analyzing its development. It empha-sized its effect in the clinical medicine and dwelled on dealing with the problems encountered when meta-analysis wasapplied and the solutions to the problems. It also pointed out its significant role in raising the level of clinical medicine,teaching and scientific research.[

Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Translational Medical Research

Molecular Epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Program Evaluation

Objective To investigate the aberrant methylation and expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-in-ducible 45 gamma (GADD45G) gene in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Methods Bisulfite conversion-methylation specific polymerase chain reaction method (BS-MSP) and immunohistochemistry method were used respectively to detect the methylation status and protein expression of GADD45G in 138 GCA tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Re-sults The methylation status of GADD45G distal promoter (region 1) was not detected in GCA tumor tissues and corre-sponding normal tissues. For GADD45G region 2 and region 3, the BS-MSP results of region 3 were identical to that of re-gion 2. The methylation frequency of proximal promoter and exon 1 in GADD45G island 2 (region 2 and region 3) in GCA tu-mor tissues (49.3%, 68/138) was significantly increased compared to that in corresponding normal tissues (0, P＜0.01). The methylation status of this two sites in tumor tissues was associated with TNM stage of tumors (P＜0.05). The protein expres-sion of GADD45G in tumor tissues was significantly decreased than that in corresponding normal tissues (P ＜ 0.05),and threre was a significant negative correlation with methylation status of GADD45G proximal promoter and exon 1 (rs=-0.398). Conclusion The decreased expression of GADD45G by hypermethylation of proximal promoter exon 1 of the gene may play an important role in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anticancer activity of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on colon cancer experimental models in BALB/C mice,compared with 5'-fluorouracil,an anticancer agent widely used in clinic,meanwhile,examined the conversion of 5'-Dexoxy-fluorouridine to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissues and serum of mouse models.MethodsThe xenografts of mouse colon cancer cell line CT 26 were transplantated to cecum in 60 male BALB/C mice.Three days lated,these mice were divided into 3 groups and intro- peritoneally injected:( 1 ) 5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g,(2) 5' - Fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g,(3)0.9％ sodium chloride 0.4 mL (as a control),respectively.Two and three weeks later,6 mice were sacririced in every group respectively to measure the weight of tumors and bodies,to examine the Hb,RBC,WBC,PLT,AST,ALT,UREA,and CREA in blood.The rest 8 mice in each group were fed generally,and the survival time from operation to natural death was recorded.In addition,14 mice with xenografts of CT 26 about 2 weeks,were divided into 2 groups averagely,5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 0.1 mg/g and 5' -fluorouracil 0.02 mg/g were intro-peritoneally injected respectively.Fifteen min later,the converted 5' -fluorouracil was detected from the blood and tumor tissues in sacrificed mice.ResultsThe lest tumor average weight was found in the mice injected 5 '-dexoxy-fluorouridine,being (0.07 ± 0.12) g and (0.24g ±0.29) g for the mice sacrificed at 2 and 3 weeks later,respectively.The average survival time for rest mice was ( 32.6 ± 8.9) d.The average tumor weight in 5' - fluorouracil group was (0.74 ± 0.43 ) g and ( 1.13 ±0.75) g at 2 and 3 weeks later,and the average survival time for the rest was (22.8 ±5.9)d,respectively.The average tumor weight in the control group was (0.70 ±0.47) g and ( 1.93 ±0.83) g at 2 and 3 weeks,and the average survival time for the rest was ( 17.5 ± 2.8 ) d.Either the average tumor weight or average survival time in the mice of 5 ' -dexoxy-fluorouridine group was significantly differen from either 5' -fluorouracil group or control (P ＜ 0.05 ).However,there was no significant difference for the numbers of WBC,PLC,Hb,and some function examination of liver and kidney among 3 group mice,besides the loss of weights in 5'-fluorouracil group mice after operation and medicine therapy which was significantly obvious than that in 5' -deoxy-fluorouridine and control groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In addition,( 54.71 ± 12.82) μg/g 5' -fluorouracil was detected in xenografts of mice injected 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine 15 min later,which was the 6.20 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in serum from sthe ame group,P ＜0.05.However,( 133.35 ±20.69) μg/m 5'-fluorouracil were detected in serum of mice after 5' -fluorouracil were injected 15 min later,which was the 1.55 folds of 5' -fluorouracil detected in the xenografts from same group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsIn colon cancer tissues of mouse experimental models,5' - dexoxy- fluorouridine could be converted effectively to 5'-fluorouracil,an obvious high concentration being detected in serum of mice than in cancer tissues.The anticancer effect of 5'-dexoxy-fluorouridine on mouse colon cancer models was more effective than 5'-fluorouracil,resulting in a longer survival duration,less side effect and no significant injury on liver and kidney functions.However,the mechanism of 5' -dexoxy-fluorouridine converted to 5' -fluorouracil in cancer tissue is needed further investigation.

Adult ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

AIMTo establish the differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) methodology for controlling the crystal-type B form of nateglinide.

METHODSAccurately weighed pure dried (P2O5 as desiccant for 4 h at 80 degrees C in vacuum) fine powder of crystal-type B and H of nateglinide were measured dQ/dT by DSC at heating rate of 10 degrees C. min-1 and temperature between 100 degrees C and 200 degrees C to calculate the enthalpy delta HB and delta HH. Accurately weight a series of uniform mixtures of crystal-type B and H of dried fine powder of nateglinide in different proportions. The enthalpy of the mixtures is measured by DSC as above to calculate the enthalpy (sigma delta H). Using B% as X, sigma delta H as Y, the regression equation was obtained. According to this equation, the unknown composition of mixed crystal was evaluated by the sigma delta H values. The method was used to control the limitation of crystal-type B of nateglinide by the sigma delta H value of mixture of known composition as reference.

RESULTSThe results measured from different laboratories showed that the repeatability was 0.61% and the recoveries were 86.2%-127% when the amounts of crystal-type B were between 0-15%.

CONCLUSIONThis method can be used to evaluate the crystal-type B composition of nateglinide.

Objective To apply electrical impedance tnmography that is a new evaluation ap-proach to monitor the development of retroperitoneal injury. We used retroperitoneal inject blood model in pigs to study the feasibility on monitoring retroperitoneal bleeding and to provide premise in theory and practice for clinical application. Methods Five pigs were used on the experiment. We insert a vessel into the retroperitoneal and inject blood to simulate retroperitoneal bleeding. Sixteen electrodes were atta-ched on the abdominal region circumference of pigs and used for electrical current injection and surface voltage measurement. Then the monitoring images were performed by electrical impedance tomography. Results The images of electrical impedance tomography retroperitoneal inject blood model of five pigs were clear, the minimal impedance scale was decreasing significantly as the bleeding volume increasing and the images were changed significantly too. The computerized tomography and the dissecting results confirmed the blood was limited in retroperitoneal. Conclusions The establishments of pigs retroper-itoneal inject blood model was successful. The images of electrical impedance tomography retroperitoneal inject blood model were clear with significant contrast. It's feasible to use electrical impedance tomography system to monitor the retroperitoneal bleeding. This technique may become a useful tool for monitoring ret-roperitoneal injury in intensive care patients.

Objective To confirm whether taxotere combined with mild hyperthermia will have synergistic effects,and to explore their joint mechanism of action.Methods Firstly the effective concentration of taxotere was determined by using MTT method to observe the effect of docetaxel on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Then three samples of in vitro cultured human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were prepared,termed the the taxotere group,the taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group and the control group,and treated with effective concentration of taxotere exclusively or in combination with mild hyperthermia,or left without any special treatment.The taxotere plus mild hyperthermia group was subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the temperatures used (39.0 ℃,39.5 ℃,40.0 ℃,40.5 ℃,41.0 ℃) MTT assays were used to measure the proliferation and invasive capacity of the cells and their effective concentrations.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rates and any cell cycle changes in the control group.Western blotting was used to detect any changes in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs),Bcl-2/Bax,heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and P-gp.Results The taxotere with mild hyperthermia group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of apoptosis than that in the taxotere and control groups.There were also more cells in the G2/M phase observed.Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia was found after 24 h to have significantly increased p-ERK,p-JNK,p38,HSP-70 and P-gp protein levels and to have significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in contrast with the other two groups.Conclusions Combining taxotere with mild hyperthermia showed synergistic effects in vitro.It seemed to be limiting the accumulation of MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase and activating the signal pathways of MAPKs while inhibiting the activation of Bcl-2/Bax signal pathways.Combining taxotere and mild hyperthermia can accelerate the expression of HSP70 and P-gp in MCF-7 cells.Hyperthermia might induce chemotherapy resistance.