A controlled study was carried out in 50 patients with perennial bronchial asthma to assess the efficacy and safety of budesonide turbuhaler. Subjects have suffered from cough, wheezing, dyspnea and chest tightness and showed either 15% of reversibility in FEV after bronchodilator inhalation or airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine(PC20 < or = 25mg/ml.) Patients were randomized to treatment with budesonide turbuhaler or terbutaline turbuhaler for 8 weeks after 2 weeks of run-in period. Budesonide turbuhaler was effective for cough, wheezing, dyspnea and chest tightness. It improved peak expiratory flow rate and FEV1. Budesonide turbuhaler was tolerated well and the laboratory tests showed no abnormality. It is suggested that budesonide turbuhaler is effective and safe in the management of bronchial asthma.
Asthma ; Budesonide* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Respiratory Sounds ; Terbutaline ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Intubation* ; Lidocaine*

Objective To analyze the incidence of general complication and methods of prevention and treatment in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW). Methods The complication of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), bronchopulmonary dys-plysia( BPD), patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),intracranial hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were analysed in 16 cases of ELBW and 26 cases of very low birth weight(VLBW) infants. Results The incidences of NRDS,BPD,PDA,IVH,PVL,ROP were 81 %,81 %,25 %,50 %,13 %,63 % respectively in ELBW group. The incidences of NRDS, BPD.PDA, IVH.PVL.ROP were 88 % ,42 % ,42 % ,50 % , 12 % ,54 % respectively in VLBW group. The incidence of BPD in ELBW infants was significantly higher than that of VLBW infants (P

After the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, a great improvement in the treatment of osteomyelitis was obtained and the mortality rate in the acute stage was markedly decreased. But, because of abuse of the antibiotics and resulting resistant organisms to antibiotics, the incidence of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis tends to increase recently. During the period of 6 years extending from 1979 to 1984, we have treated 45 cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children and clinical analysis was made about the causes of the development of chronic osteomyelitis with particular emphasis on the time interval from onset to treatment, and on the operative methods in the surgical treatments. The following results were obtained; 1. The incidence in males was 1.5 times greater than females. 2. Age incidence showed that it was most prevalent in the age group of 6 to 15 with 66.2% of the total cases. 3. The most common sites of the involvement was femur and tibia in orders. 4. Most of cases showed pain, local tenderness, pyrexia, loss of motion, swelling, and heat of the involved limbs. 5. Among the causative organisms, staphylococcus aureus was most prevalent one. 6. Cephalosporin, methicillin, gentamicin showed the highest sensitivity while penicillin showed marked resistancy (80%). 7. Time interval from onset to treatment was persistently an important factor in the development of chronicity. 8. Bone fenestration was the best method in the surgical treatments of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. 9. Early diagnosis, adequate antibiotics, and early surgical decompression and drainage (esp. bone fenestration) were considered to be the essential part of management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in preventing its chronicity.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Decompression, Surgical ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Female ; Femur ; Fever ; Gentamicins ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Methicillin ; Methods ; Mortality ; Osteomyelitis ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Hyperthyroidism* ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic*

BACKGROUND: It is well-known that the giant congenital nevi prcgress to malignant, melanama more frequently than other benign melanocytic nevi but to date the laor tory methods for early detection of such progression were not avsilable. The proliferating cell uncleai antigen(PCNA) staining has been regsrded as an useful marker in determining prognosis of some maignant diseases. OBJECTIVE: The PCNA taining was performed as a predictive value of malignant transformation from benign meanocytic skin lesions. We investigated the differcnces between malignant melanoma and the benign lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical study was employee using anti-PCNA, anti-S-100, and anti-CD45RO antibody in 6 giant congenital nevi, 8 small and medium sized congenital nevi, 10 acquired nevi, and 10 malignant meanomas. Only cells positive for both PCNA and S-100, and negative for CD45RO on the serial sections were identified as melanocyts. RESULTS: The number of PCNA-posit,ive cells per 1000 melanocy,es averaged 6.0+7.5 in giant, congenital nevi, 2.9+1,9 in small and medium sized congenital novi, 3.1+2.7 in acquired nevi, and 61.5+ 39.4 in malignant, melanomas. Malignant melanomas showed onger intensity of PCNA staining than the other melanocytir nevi. CONCLUSION: There was not significant difference of the numter of PCNA-positive cells among the groups of congenital neviind PCNA staining can't be used in prditive measure of malignant. progression and studying mechansm of malignancy in giant congenital nevi. But, PCNA staining is considered as an useful method in differentiat,ing malignant melanoma from mllanocytic nevi.
Melanoma ; Nevus ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Skin*

Higt energy electron beam therapy is a method which is used for the treatment of superficial tumors (less than 5 cm deep) with a characteristically sharp drop-off in dose beyond the tumor. This method offers distinct advantages in dose uniformity and in minimizing the dose to deeper tissues. We report herein three cases of epithelial skin cancer treated with high energy electron beam. The first patient was a 79-year-old male who had primary basal cell carcinoma(BCC) on the right lateral canthus. The second patient was a 67-year-old male who had recurreiit BCC on the right cheek. Both of them received electron beam therapy on the lesion and there were no clinical relapse signs over 1 year. The third patient was a 46-year-old male who had squamous cells, carcinoma on the lower lip. He also received electron beam therapy on the lesion, but it recurred.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cheek ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin*

In the case of a soft tissue defect which requires thin & pliable tissues, the choice of donor site is limited due to flap bulkiness and donor site morbidity. To overcome these problems, a variety of perforator-based flaps such as paraspinous and parasacral perforator flap, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap, gluteal perforator flap, and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap have recently been introduced. We experienced 8 cases of soft tissue defects from December 1996 to March 1999 using the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap for reconstruction. We could elevate the cutaneous flap with preservation of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap only when it was based on one cutaneous perforator. Defatting procedure was possible for further thinning of skin flap. In one case, axillary defect after release of postburn scar contracture was repaired with island perforator flap and the other seven cases were repaired with free flap. The results were satisfactory. We believe the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap is useful for reconstruction of soft tissue defects which are large or under conditions requiring thin flap.
Arteries* ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; Skin* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: To develop a Critical Thinking Skill Test for Nursing Students. METHODS: The construct concepts were drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews with hospital nurses and surveys were conducted among students (n=607) from nursing colleges. The data were collected from September 13 to November 23, 2012 and analyzed using the SAS program, 9.2 version. The KR 20 coefficient for reliability, difficulty index, discrimination index, item-total correlation and known group technique for validity were performed. RESULTS: Four domains and 27 skills were identified and 35 multiple choice items were developed. Thirty multiple choice items which had scores higher than .80 on the content validity index were selected for the pre test. From the analysis of the pre test data, a modified 30 items were selected for the main test. In the main test, the KR 20 coefficient was .70 and Corrected Item-Total Correlations range was .11-.38. There was a statistically significant difference between two academic systems (p=.001). CONCLUSION: The developed instrument is the first critical thinking skill test reflecting nursing perspectives in hospital settings and is expected to be utilized as a tool which contributes to improvement of the critical thinking ability of nursing students.
Education, Nursing/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; *Program Development ; Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; *Thinking ; Young Adult

A possible therapeutic effect of acetyl-L carnitine (ALCAR) on peripheral nerve injuries and the expression of Jun, the protein products of immediate-early genes(IEGs), in the spinal cord were investigated after sciatic nerve injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups: intact sciatic nerve as a control group, surgical repair alone, and surgical repair with ALCAR treatment. Toe-spreading response, pinprick response, and compound action potential were measured to evaluate the recovery of sciatic nerve injury. Recovery of behavioral function and electrophysiological function both improved in the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group. Weak basal expression of Jun was shown in the ventral horn the of spinal cord in the control group. In the surgical repair alone group or the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group, Jun expression persisted until 28 days after injury in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Moreover, the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group showed more increased expression of Jun than the surgical repair alone group. These results suggest that ALCAR facilitates the functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
Acetylcarnitine ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Carnitine* ; Horns ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Spinal Cord