Objective With the increasing of the CT examination, the dose of x-ray has been brought to public attention. For the sake of making the MDCT technology better applied, available optimal technology has to be used to reduce the x-ray dose to the patients. Methods Many optimal technologies were involved in, such as ECG modulation, cardiac bowtie, 3D dose modulation, compact geometry design, electron collector and speed 4D CARE dose. Results The result of the research showed that the dose of scanning x-ray of CT could be decreased sharply by using optimal technologies. The Q2 values was the standard which could well evaluate the quality of the CT′s images and the dose of x-ray. Conclusion The quality of images and the dose of x-ray can′t be separated, which must be quoted together.

Objective To explore the pathological basis and clinical characteristics of children with congenital choledochal cyst(CCC) combined with liver damage.Methods According to the age,38 patients with CCC were divided into 2 groups:group A had 24 cases(ranged 6 months to 3 years old);group B had 14 cases(ranged 4 to 14 years old).A comparative analysis of them was conducted retrospectively in the clinical characteristics,hepatic pathological changes,perioperatively liver function and operation.Results Group A was obvious higher than group B in jaundice,white bole stool and abdominal mass,but group B was more in stomachache.Group A was obvious higher than group B in liver function lesion,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin increase and blood coagulation disfunction(Pa

BACKGROUND: Alginic sodium diester (ASD) possesses neuroprotective function because of its selective calcium antagonist effects.OBJECTIVE: To compare the influences of ASD on intraneuronal Ca2+content and nerve cell apoptosis before and after reperfusion in focal cerebral ischemic rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to South China University; Laser Orthopedic Surgery of the First Hospital Affiliated to Southern China University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out between November 2003and April 2004 at the Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to South China University. A total of 65 male SD rats were recruited and randomized into 6 groups; 17 got lost during the experiment, and the other 48 rats completed the experiment with 8 rats in each group.METHODS: In sham operation group, an incision was made on rats' cervical skin and sutured. Right cerebral middle artery was occluded in rats of ischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg preischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg postischemic group, ASD 10 mg/kg preischemic group, and ASD 10 mg/kg postischemic group. After that, rats in all but ischemic group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of various dosage of ASD or excipient 30minutes before reperfusion and 5 hours after reperfusion. FCM was used to determine intraneuronal Ca2+ content and rate of nerve cell apoptosis;meanwhile, neurological dysfunction was scored.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Influence of ASD on the score for neurological dysfunction, intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia. [2]Correlation of behavioral obstacle score with intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia.RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were enrolled in this study, 17 of which got lost and the other 48 rats entered the result analysis. [1] Influence of ASD on the score for neurological dysfunction, intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with right cerebral middle artery ischemia: The score was obviously reduced in ASD 5 mg/kg preischemic group, ASD 5 mg/kg postischemic group, ASD 10 mg/kg preischemic group and ASD 10 mg/kg postischemic group as compared with ischemic group (1.80±0.21, 2.20±0.23, 1.20±0.11, 2.00±0.22, 3.40±0.65); moreover,functional improvement was more obvious due to pre-reperfusional administration than post-reperfusional administration. Intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration was reduced after ASD administration at different degrees and lower than that of ischemic group. Decrement of intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration was found most obvious due to 10 mg/kg ASD administration 30 minutes before reperfusion, approximately reduced by 70%; moreover, neuronal apoptosis rate on the ischemic side was obviously suppressed by ASD administration, displaying time-dependent manner, with apoptotic suppression effect more obvious in pre-reperfusional group than in post-reperfusional group (5.68%, 10.03%; 4.00%, 9.91%). [2] Correlation of behavioral obstacle score of right cerebral middle artery ischemic rats with intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis: Obvious positive correlation was found between behavioral obstacle score and intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and detection rate of membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis (r=0.51,0.62, P ＜ 0.05); intraneuronal Ca2+ fluorescence intensity was also positively correlated with the detection rate of membrane associated protein/propidium iodide apoptosis (r=0.84, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: [1] ASD can exert anti-apoptosis effect by suppressing the increment of intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration, thus having neuroprotective function and ultimately improving neurological dysfunction. [2] Its effect displays time-dependent manner, and neurological functional improvement is more obvious by pre-reperfusional administration than by post-operational administration.

BACKGROUND: It is manifested in epidemiology and clinical observation that lipoprotein (a) is a new risk factor of cerebrovascular disease and is closely related to cerebral ischemic stroke.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relationship between levels of high serum lipoprotein (a) and stroke.DESIGN: Case controlled analysis.SETTING: Neurological Institute of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.METHODS: Totally 294 patients with stroke were selected from Neurological Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central So, uth University between September 1999 and March 2002. Of them, 159 cases were regarded as cerebral infarction group and other 135 cases as acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group. In cerebral infarction group, 109 patients had atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and 50 patients had lacunar cerebral infarction, and 94patients with contimuous health examination were regarded as health examination group. Serum lipoprotein (a) in each group was assayed with "sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay". According to whether the value of lipid was normal or not, patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups. Comparisons between the two groups were assayed with single sample t test, and multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex, hypertension and value of lipid were related to the level of serum lipoprotein (a).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a)among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group. ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid.RESULTS: Among 294 patients, 94 cases in control group entered the final analysis. ① Comparisons of serum lipoprotein (a) among atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group, lacunar cerebral infarction group, acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group and health examination group: Levels of serum lipoprotein (a) in atherosclerotic cerebral infarction group and cerebral hemorrhage group were higher than those in health control group (P ＜ 0.05), and concentration of lipoprotein (a) in atheroosclerotic cerebral infarction group was increased as compared with that in acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage group (P ＜ 0.05). Also, level of lipoprotein (a) in lacunar cerebral infarction group was a little higher than that in control group,but the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05). ② Correlated analysis between serum lipoprotein (a) and lipid: Levels of lipoprotein (a) in both normal lipid group and abnormal lipid group were assayed with single sample t test, and the results showed that levels in the two groups were similar (P ＞ 0.05). Multiple liner regression was used to assay whether sex,hypertension and value of lipid were related to level of serum lipoprotein (a).CONCLUSION: Levels of lipoprotein (a) may be an independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pupil Disorders ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Refraction, Ocular ; Retina ; physiopathology ; Retinal Detachment ; surgery ; Scleral Buckling ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative ; surgery

The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared. The ICR mouse ears were sensitazated by 7% DNCB, and then were excited by 0.3% DNCB to stimulate the model of mouse chronic dermatitis and eczema. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-8 in mouse blood were determined by ELISA. The results showed that Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels could significantly inhibit the swelling of mouse ears(P < 0.01) and ameliorate the edama and erythema of model mouse ears skin. Also it could significantly decrease the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 in model mouse blood. Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels had a good therapeutic effect on mouse model of dermatitis and eczema. It was expected to provide a new and long-acting exterernal preparation for the treatment of dermatitis and eczema.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Dermatitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Female ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-8 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effect of high-flux hemodialysis on insulin resistance and microinflammatory state in elderly diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods A total of 49 elderly DN patients with MHD and 10 healthy controls undergoing health examination survey were enrolled.Levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),interleukin-6(IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) were analyzed and compared between patients and the controls.Patients with MHD were randomly divided into two groups:high-flux hemodialysis(HFHD) group and low-flux hemodialysis (LFHD) group.Changes of the parameters including HOMA-IR,IL-6,hs CRP and urea excretion rate(kt/v) were observed before and after treatment for 12 months.Results Levels of IL-6,hs-CRP and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in DN patients with MHD than in the control group [(126.22±13.23)ng/L vs.(12.68±3.63)ng/L,(12.13±1.73)mg/L vs.(2.55±1.27) mg/L,(4.83 ±1.23) vs.(0.32 ± 0.15),respectively,all P＜ 0.01].The levels of IL-6 and Hs-CRP were positively correlated with HOMA-IR in elderly DN patients (R =0.656,0.729,R2 =0.43,0.532,both P＜0.01).Compared with before treatment,levels of fasting insulin(Fins),HOMA-IR and IL-6 were decreased in HFHD group after MHD for 12 months (all P＜ 0.05),while there were no differences in levels of Fins,HOMA-IR,IL-6 and hs-CRP in the LFHD group before and after MHD (all P＞0.05).The levels of Fins,HOMA-IR and IL-6 were significantly lower in the HFHD group than in the LFHD group after MHD for 12 months(all P＜0.05).Conclusions Insulin resistance and microinflammatory are common observed in elderly DN patients with MHD.High-flux hemodialysis may decrease the levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP,and ameliorate insulin resistance and microinflammatory state.

Background Optical nerve damage of glaucomatous eyes is associated with intracranial pressure.Conventional method of evaluating intracranial pressure is to measure cerebrospinal pressure by lumber puncture.However,the measurement of intraorbital optical nerve parameters,a novel method of evaluating intracranial pressure,is introduced in this field.Objective This study was to measure and analyze the intraorbital optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and cross sectional area (ONSA) in normal population using multi-slice spiral CT.Methods This study protocol was approved by Clinical Ethic Committee of Shenzhen Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital and followed Hersinki Declaration.Informed consent was obtained from each individual prior to any medical examination.One hundred and five eyes of 105 normal persons with normal cerebral CT image were enrolled in Shenzhen Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital from January 2012 to September 2013.Cerebral volume was scanned in all the individuals by 64 slice spiral CT.The brain images were obtained for the curve planar rebuilding of intraorbital optical nerve on image post-processing workstation.The maximum and minimum of ONSD and the ONSA in axial sections at 3,6,9,12 and 15 mm far away from globe wall were measured using a standardized technique to analyze the change of optical nerve parameters at different point locations.These parameters were compared in different gender or eyes.The correlation among age and the optical nerve parameters at 3 mm far away from globe wall was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis.Results The average maximal ONSDs were (6.24±0.47), (5.56±0.44),(5.18±0.43),(4.82±0.41) and (4.69±0.41) mm;the average minimal ONSDs were (5.56±0.50),(4.97± 0.41) ,(4.55±0.35),(4.26±0.39) and (4.10±0.40) mm;the average ONSAs were (27.68±4.40),(22.02±3.35) , (18.74± 2.75) , (16.34±2.72) , (15.40±2.68) mm2 at 3,6,9,12 and 15 mm far away from posterior eyeball wall,respectively, showing significant differences in the maximal/minimal ONSDs and ONSAs among the different point locations (F =218.329,215.906,246.924, all at P =0.001).No significant differences were found in the maximal/minimal ONSDs and ONSAs between male and female or between the right eyes and left eyes (gender:t=1.805,P=0.074;t=1.930,P=0.056;t=1.329,P=0.187;eyes:t=0.724,P=0.471;t=1.562,P=0.121;t=1.424,P=0.158).No significant correlations were seen between age and maximal/minimal ONSDs or ONSAs with the coefficients of 1.873,7.415 and-0.853 correspondingly (P =0.847,0.460,0.637).Conclusions Intraorbital section of optical nerve can be rebuilt using standardized technique after scanning of 64 slice spiral CT.The cross section of intraorbital optic nerve sheath is oval in shape and the optic nerve is thinning with the increase of distance far away posterior eyeball wall in normal populatuion.

Objective To evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA ) in medical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) .Methods A total of 19 patients with CT-confirmed CSDH in our department from Mar 2014 to Aug 2015 received an in-travenous dose of 1g TXA in the first week ,and followed by a maintenance oral dose of 250 mg TXA three times a day for 1 - 5 months (2 .73 ± 1 .05) months .These patients received a follow-up period of 6 - 10 months .Hematoma volume and neurological functions were compared before and after treatment .Results The therapeutic outcome was divided into effectiveness and ineffec-tiveness .Thirteen cases (68 .4% ) were effective ;six cases (31 .6% ) were ineffective .Among them ,three patients (15 .8% ) whose neurological functions deteriorated underwent surgery ,one patient (5 .3% ) who did not show any improvement with initial one month of TXA underwent surgery ,one patient (5 .3% ) stopped the treatment due to the side-effect of drug ,one patient (5 .3% ) lost .Conclusion Results of this preliminary study show that the administration of TXA is effective and safe in treating CSDH .

Objective To optimize the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) reference strains D-UW-5/Cx and E-UW-5/Cx,and to evaluate the effects of PEG on the sensitivity of Ct to 4 common antibiotics.Methods After the inoculation of Ct standard strains (D-UW-5/Cx and E-UW-5/Cx) into McCoy cell monolayer,different concentrations of PEG were added into the culture medium followed by centrifugation.After 2 hours of incubation at 37 ℃,the inoculum was removed and a complete culture medium containing 1 μg/mL cycloheximide was added followed by another 48-hour culture.Subsequently,the culture was fixed and subjected to iodine staining for the calculation of Ct inclusions and optimization of PEG for the growth of Ct.Some Ct standard strains were used to infect McCoy cells,with PEG (0.7％,wt/vol) added to the culture medium after inoculation and before centrifugation process,and when the infection rate reached higher than 90％,a microdilution method was utilized to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 antibiotics,including azithromycin,minocyline,moxifloxacin and doxycycline.Thirty-one clinical specimens,which had been confirmed to be positive for Ct serovar D or E strain,were inoculated into McCoy cell monolayer for the passage of Ct with or without the presence of 0.7％ PEG.Results The optimal concentration of PEG was 0.7％ for the growth of Ct,and this concentration of PEG could increase the number of inclusion bodies of Ct serovar E by 3.44 folds,and that of Ct serovar D by 3.56 folds.In vitro,the MICs of the 4 antibiotics were consistent between PEG-treated and untreated Ct reference strains.Moreover,PEG notably increased the quantity of inclusion bodies of Ct serovar E or D from clinical specimens after passages.Conclusions PEG (0.7％) can enhance the growth of Ct serovar D and E,but has no obvious influence on antimicrobial susceptibility of Ct.