The doctrine of"Five evolutive phases and six climatic factors"has a solid foundation of astronomy.In the traditional Chinese calendar,the years are designated by the circles of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches,which reflects the cyclical regularity of the movement of the Sun,the Moon,the Earth and the stars.The cyclical movement brings up the qi transforming patterns(produce,growth,transformation,contraction and store)of the living things.The patterns are also the underlying foundation of human constitutional tendency.According to the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches of someone’s pregnant period and birth time,we could know the universe qi transforming characteristics of that time,thereby conjecture the constitutional tendency of the person.This is a very important way to research Chinese medical constitution.

Peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate-treated C57BL/6 mice were separatedby centrifugation on Percoll discontinuous gradients.Macrophages were so separ-ated into four subpopulations and their tumor cytotoxicity and the effect of sodi-um selenite on different subsets were studied.There was no marked difference inphagocytic activity and Fc recepter activity among the four subpopulations.High-density macrophages activated by MAF were kighly cytostatic and cytolyticto tumor cells,while low-density macrophages were not Peritoneal injection of sodiumSelenite(lmg/kg)augmented macrophage-mediated cytotoxic activity by increasingtheir MAF responsiveness which occurred mainly in the low-density macrophages.sodium selenite did not affect macrophage maturation as the percentage of theperoxidasepositive macrophages remained unchanged,

Lung metastasis is one of the most common metastases.Metastasectomy is only indicated for selected patients,and most patients are unsuited to surgery.The main treatment is systemic chemotherapy,however,the long-term survival is limited.With the development of precision radiotherapies such as threedimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT),it is proved that radiotherapy is favorable for the patients with lung metastasis,especially for limited lung metastasis.SBRT can be obtained better survival,but still need large prospective studies.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the functional pulmonary lobectomy (FPLT) by studying the blood-gas and morphology of the FPLT model. Methods 18 healthy dogs were divided into three groups randomly: Group A (n=6): the target bronchus and lung bubbles were filled with emulsion of iodine oil and pingyangmycin(PYM)and then target bronchus was occluded with polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA).Group B (n=6): the target bronchus was only occluded with PMMA and Group C (n=6): the target pulmonary lobe was resected. Artery blood gas were measured at the time of pre-operation and post-operation immediately and then 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after operation respectively. Chest radiolography and histology and bacterial culture of tissue of target lung lobe were made after 4 weeks. Results There was a significant difference in artery blood-gas among 3 groups pre-operation compared with post-operation immediately (P0.05) compared with 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after operation. It showed atelectasis radiologically and fibrosis of target lung lobe histologically and no bacterium grew in target tissue the 4th week after operation. There were 3 cases of lung atelectasises but no pulmonary fibrosis in group B. Conclusion FPLT may be obtained after the target bronchus and lung bubbles were filled with emulsion of iodine oil and PYM and then target bronchus were occluded.FPLT is a minimal invasive, safe and effective procedure and might partially replace the surgical pulmonary lobectomy in future.

Objective: To explore the application of extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch for the resection of large sphenoid ridge meningioma. Methods: Thirty-three patients with large sphenoid ridge meningioma underwent operation using the extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch. Twenty patients with large sphenoid ridge meningioma received operation with the traditional pterional approach as the control. The resection rate, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications were compared between the groups. Results: Two groups of patients underwent craniotomy under microscope. The Simpon grade I resection and grade Ⅱ resection rate was 93.9％ in the cutting of the zygomatic arch approach group and 60.0％ in the control group (P<0.01). The operative time was (325.2±121.3) min in the cutting of the zygomatic arch approach group, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group with (406.4±182.9) min (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss was (502.5±101.8) mL and (697.7±115.4) mL in the two groups (P<0.05). In addition, postoperative complication rate was 15.2％ and 45.0％ in the cutting the zygomatic arch approach group and the control group, respectively (P<0.05). No death was reported in both groups. Conclusion: Extensive pterional approach combined with cutting of the zygomatic arch can fully expose the anatomical structures of the skull base and the sellar region to eliminate the influence of temporal muscle in the exposure of the surgical area. The operative field is exposed to reduce the stretch injury to only the frontotemporal brain tissue, which might be helpful for the complete resection of large sphenoid ridge meningioma, and is more conducive to neurovascular anatomy and relevant functional protection.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the productive rate of AmpC ?-lactamases and ESBLs produced by the Gram-negative bacilli from the nosocomial infection in our hospital. METHODS AmpC ?-lactamases and ESBLs were detected by the improved cefotaxime and ceftriaxone three-dimensional test. RESULTS The productive rate of AmpC ?-lactamases was 16.00%.Among them,the productive rate of AmpC ?-lactamases was only 8.84%.The Enterobacter cloacae,Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were easy to produce the enzymes(36.00%,31.25% and 28.00%).The productive rate of AmpC ?-lactamases and ESBLs at the same time was 7.16%. CONCLUSIONS The productive rate of the enzymes by the Gram-negative bacilli from the nosocomial infection is rather high.

BACKGROUND:We have successfuly prepared digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold in previous experiments, and it has been confirmed that it has the necessary physical and chemical properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization of digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold. METHODS:A total of 32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into saline group (negative control group, n=8), 5% formaldehyde group (positive control group,n=8), experimental A group (the mass ratio of 3:1,n=8), and experimental B group (the mass ratio of 4:1,n=8). Sensitization test at the maximal dosage was performed according toBiological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 10: Tests for Irritation and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, including intracutaneous induction, local induction, and provocation. Patch was removed after 24 and 48 hours, and the skin response was classified according to Magnusson and Kligman criteria. Patch was removed after 48 hours, and the skin was performed with biopsy, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and observed under optical microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensitization response was not tested in the negative control group, experimental A group and experimental B group at 24 and 48 hours after patch removal; however, moderate erythema was observed in the positive control group. Optical microscope demonstrated that spongiosis, edema, diffuse or perivascular mononuclear infiltration was not observed, and only a smal number of basicytes were seen in the experimental A and B groups. These findings indicate that the digital coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffolds, with the mass ratio of 3:1 and 4:1, are biologicaly safe for sensitization.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Sanqi Qiancao Recipe (SQR) in treating metrorrhagia caused by copper intrauterine device (IUD) in rabbits and to provide experimental evidence for preventing and treating this disease. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group, low-dose SQR-treated group, medium-dose SQR-treated group and high-dose SQR-treated group. Copper IUD insertion was operated in rabbits of the last five groups. Rabbits in the last four groups were treated orally with indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose SQR respectively for a week. Rabbits in the untreated group, normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. Hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and blood sedimentation were examined after treatment. RESULTS: The hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate and plasma viscosity were higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group with significant differences (P<0.01) while those indexes in low-, medium- and high-dose SQR-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SQR can lead to a decrease in blood viscosity and improve the blood flow, which may be one of the mechanisms of SQR in treating metrorrhagia after copper IUD insertion.

Objective To investigate the effects of exposure to cigarette smoke on the counts and functions of tolerogenic dendritic cells(tDC) and regulatory T cells(Treg) in a mouse model of asthma. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at age 20 days were randomly allocated into four groups including the normal saline ( NS)/air treatment group, the NS/cigarette smoke ( CS) treatment group, the ovalbumin (OVA)/air treatment group and the OVA/CS treatment group (n=10).A mouse model of asthma was es-tablished by intraperitoneally injecting OVA in an interval of two weeks to cigarette smoke for three weeks. The percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the changes of CD80 and CD86 expression on the surface of DCs of the mice in each group were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis.The transcriptional levels of forkhead box P3 ( Foxp3) in lung tissues were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) samples were measured by ELISA.Results Exposing young mice to cigarette smoke significantly increased the percentages of Treg cells in PBMCs and the expression of Foxp3 at mRNA level in lung tissues of mice with asthma.High levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were detected in BALF samples of the heathy mice and those with asthma exposed to CS at a young age.The mice with asthma exposed to CS at an early age showed decreased expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs.Lower levels of IL-12p40 and IL-6 and higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A in BALF samples were observed in mice from the OVA/CS treatment group.Conclusion Expo-sing to cigarette smoke at an early age was involved in the dysfunction of T cell-mediated immune responses in mice with asthma.This study might provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of asthma.

As a heritable regulation , epigenetics can regulate gene expression by other ways without changing the DNA sequence ,and change cell or individual phenotypes .DNA methylation is an issue in the field of epigenetics research.Recently,many studies have been demonstrated that the methylation of repetitive DNA ,spe-cific gene and CpG island and loss of imprinting play an important role in tumor occurrence .As the development of technological approaches to DNA methylation ,we have a more comprehensive understanding on methylation pat-terns.As specific markers,abnormal methylation sites in the genome can be used in the diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis predictor of disease .For tumor development caused by DNA methylation ,the application of demethylat-ing drugs have achieved good effect in clinical treatment .