No abstract available.
Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Folliculitis ; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous ; Tacrolimus

No abstract available.
Granuloma* ; Sea Urchins* ; Sports*

No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Hand* ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Telangiectasis

This study aims to evaluate the changes of flavonoid contents and antioxidants activity of Jeju native citrus fruits juice according to the harvest date. Flavonoids such as quercatagetin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were contained most plentifully in the juice of Jigak (Citrus aur- antium) by 573.73 mg/100 mL, Sadoogam (C. pseudogulgul) by 393.99 mg /100 mL, Soyooja by 29.63 mg/100 mL and Jigak (C. aurantium) by 201.23 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. The highest contents of nob-iletin, sinensetin and tangeretin among polymethoxyflavones were found in the juice of Hongkyool (C. tachibana) by 7.39 mg/100 mL, 2.24 mg/100 mL, 0.63 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'- Heptamet- hoxyflavone recorded the highest amount in Punkyool (C. tangerina) by 0.27 mg/100 mL in the late August, but the other polymethoxyflavones including 3',4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone, 4'-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone, scutellarein tetramethylether were observed only trace amount in all the citrus fruits. Flavonoid contents in the citrus fruit juices were the highest during early maturation and decreased rapidly while ripening. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in the late August and decreased with ripening. However from the late December, the contents were increased again. Antioxidant activities of the fruits were evaluated as electron donating ability and were the lowest in the late September and increased with the fruit ripening. These results suggest that quercetagetin among all the flavonoids was most plentiful in Jigak and Dangyooja (C. grandis), so that the fruits could be used for industrial material of flavonoids and antioxidant agents.
Antioxidants ; Apigenin ; Chromones ; Citrus ; Disaccharides ; Electrons ; Flavanones ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; Fruit ; Hesperidin

PURPOSE: We intended to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and effects on quality of life of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) in children with intractable epilepsy. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 7 pediatric patients who underwent VNS implantation between December 2001 and April 2003. RESULTS: The ages at operation ranged from 6 years and 5 months to 11 years and 9 months. The duration of follow-ups ranged from 12 months to 44 months. All the patients had intractable seizures, in four of whom the epilepsy was symptomatic. Of the 4 patients, three had history of meningoencephalitis and one had pachygyria. 5 patients(71 %) had 50% or more reduction in seizure frequency and the onset of seizure reduction occurred within 3 months after VNS implantation. Seizure reduction of more than 50% was observed in head drop and atypical absence seizure(1/1, 100%, one with callosotomy), generalized tonic clonic seizure(3/4, 75%) and complex partial seizure(1/2, 50%). In 4 patients there were improvements in quality of life such as alertness, mood, verbal communication and motor function. Side effects were transient hoarseness in four patients and wound infection in one patient, but these were not too severe to lerate. CONCLUSION: VNS is an effective and safe adjunctive therapy in intractable pediatric epilepsy as wall as in improving quality of life.
Child ; Epilepsy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Lissencephaly ; Medical Records ; Meningoencephalitis ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation* ; Vagus Nerve* ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Bacterial meningitis is a serious disease, especially in the neonatal period, and it carries a significant degree of mortality and morbidity. Group B streptococcus(GBS) is a common cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, treatment results and complications of GBS meningitis. METHODS: We analyzed 29 cases retrospectively who had been admitted to the pediatric ward or NICU in Asan Medical Center from May 1990 to January 2002. They had proven GBS in culture or latex agglutination test in CSF. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.9. There were two cases of early onset type and 27 cases of late onset type. All cases had normal birth weight with full term at delivery. The perinatal predisposing factors were premature rupture of membrane(two cases), and maternal colonization(two cases). The most common presenting symptoms were fever and irritability. Associated diseases were GBS sepsis(21 cases). There was relatively high sensitivity to penicillin derivatives. There were abnormal brain CT or MRI findings in 16 cases(64%), such as infarction, encephalomalatic change, effusion, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage and abscess. The intensive care unit admission rate and the incidence of DIC were higher in the group with complications. Two cases were discharged against advice. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend early detection and active treatment in Group B streptococcal meningitis to improve the prognosis.
Abscess ; Birth Weight ; Brain ; Causality ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Dacarbazine ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Intensive Care Units ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Mortality ; Penicillins ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

PURPOSE: It is well known that multiple sclerosis(MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that mostly starts in the second to third decades. In the present study, we reviewed our own observations of the clinical and paraclinical features of the MS patients whose symptoms started before 16 years of age. METHODS: The study concerns the patients admitted to the pediatric department of Asan Medical Center for a period of 5 years(from January 1996 to December 2002). We retrospectively reviewed 13 patients who were diagnosed as early onset multiple sclerosis by Rose criteria on the basis of clinical symptoms and brain MRI findings. RESULTS: Of these 13 patients, 5 patients(38.5%) fulfilled the criteria of clinically definite MS and 7 patients(53.8%) fulfilled the criteria of clinically probable MS. The average age at onset was 10.3 years old. In six patients, the disease onset was polysymptomatic. Diplopia was the most common initial manifestation and occurred in 8 patients (61.5%). Others presented with urinary incontinence, ataxia, seizures and so on. All the patients had typical T2-hyperintensive lesions on brain MRI and brainstem lesions were found in 5 patients(38.5%). All the patients responsed to intravenous methylprednisolone very well. No long-term neurologic sequelae were observed. CONCLUSION: Although childhood onset MS is rarely seen and may begin with unusual features, it dose not significantly differ from that typically seen in adults in terms of major clinical manifestations and clinical course of the disease. It is also suggested that MRI is a sensitive and effective tool for the diagnosis of MS.
Adult ; Ataxia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Central Nervous System ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methylprednisolone ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: The majority of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) are controlled by an antiepileptic drug when appropriately selected. So far, valproate is regarded as the first-line treatment for IGE. Also, it is postulated that lamotrigine and topiramate may have efficacy in IGE but there are a few evidence to support the usage. We examined the remission rates of seizures on valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate and factors predicting the outcome. METHODS: We reviewed the patients who diagnosed as IGE in pediatric neurology clinics in Asan Medical Center from March, 1995 to August, 2005. The patients with childhood absence epilepsy and patients without generalized spike and slow waves in EEG were excluded. Data were collected retrospectively on demographics, seizure types, antiepileptic drug treatment details, and remission rates. RESULTS: 64 of 80 patients had achieved one year period of remission by monotherapy with following drugs: Valproate (73.7% of 38 patients), lamotrigine (72.4% of 29 patients) or topiramate (83.3% of 18 patients). Among patients who failed to achieve remission by monotherapy, the combination of the drugs showed a remission rate of 72.7% (8/11 patients). Factors such as age, sex, family history, and history of febrile convulsions did not affect the remission rates. The existence of photoparoxysmal responses or focal epileptiform discharges, and syndrome diagnoses also couldn't be the predictive factors as well. CONCLUSIONS: As in adult patients with IGE, topiramate and lamotrigine as well as valproate can be used as the most effective anti-epileptic drugs in children with IGE without significant side effect.
Adult ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence ; Epilepsy, Generalized* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Neurology ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile ; Valproic Acid*