No abstract available.
Breast Diseases* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female* ; Fibroadenoma* ; Humans

A hospit based case-control study was carried out to identify reproductive risk factors for breast cancer. Four-hundred-eighty-one breast cancer patients and 491 age-matched control patients examined between 1988 and 1994 were included in this study. Eleven reproductive risk factors were selected for comparison using cross tabulation and chi-square method, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratios for the risk of breast cancer. The mean age of the breast cancer patients in this study was 47.5 years. Analyses demonstrated that nulliparous women had a higher risk for breast cancer (odds ratio 3.46, p=0.03) than women with 1-4 live births, and women who had an abortion during their first pregnancy had a slightly increased risk (odds ratio 1.86, p<0.01) than women who had normal deliveries, but the age at menarche and menopause did not have any influence on the risk of developing breast cancer. Although there were similarities in risk factors between Western women and women in this study, such as a higher risk for nulliparous women, two key factors were found to contrast with those of Western women. First the mean age of breast cancer patients in this study was only 47.5 years. Second, the age of menarche and menopause of these women did not have any influence on the risk of breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Humans ; Live Birth ; Logistic Models ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Induction Chemotherapy*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Humans

PURPOSE: Preoperative chemotherapy has been extensively used in inoperable or locally advanced breast cancer to achieve tumor reduction and, thus, to facilitate extensive surgery. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out to identify the effect of induction chemotherapy on breast cancer. 49 patients with breast cancer were treated with initial chemotherapy between October 1986 and June 1998. 43 patients were treated with three courses of the CMF regimen (cyclophosphamide and metho trexate and 5-fluorouracil), four patients with three courses of the FEC regimen (5-fluorouracil, epirubicine and cyclophosphamide), two patients with three courses of the FAC regimen (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide). RESULTS: The response, rate to induction chemotherapy was 83.7% including 4% complete response, and there were no significant differences in response rates according to the chemo therapy regimen. At a mean follow-up of 51.9 months, recurrence and distant metastasis were observed in 32.7% and 18.4% of the patients, respectively. The five-year disease- free survival rate of the patients in the induction group was lower than that of the patients in the control group (35.5+/-8.7% versus 59.9+/-9.0%), but the five-year overall survival rate in the induction group was higher than control group (88.7 5.3% versus 76.9+/-6.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative induction chemotherapy is a useful treatment option for patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Also, there is an improvement in the five-year overall survival rate for patients in the induction chemotherapy group compared with that for patients in the age- and stage-controlled postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Epirubicin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: To evaluate interim results in terms of failure, cosmetic results and survival after breast conserving operation and radiation therapy in early breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1992 through December 1997, seventy two patients with early stage 0, I and II breast cancer were treated with conservative surgery plus radiotherapy at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Age distribution was 25 to 77 years old with median age of 43. According to TNM stage, five patients had stage 0, thirty three were stage I, twenty five were IIa, and nine were IIb. Most patients underwent excision of all gross tumor and ipsilateral axillary dissection. Breast was irradiated through medial and lateral tangential fields of 6 MV photons to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 5.5 weeks. We delivered a boost irradiation dose of 10 to 16 Gy in 1 to 2 weeks to excision site. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in forty one patients with CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) regimens of 6 cycles concurrently or before radiation. Cosmetic results were assessed by questionnaire to patients grading of excellent, good, fair, poor. Follow-up periods were 22 to 91 months with median 40 months. RESULTS: Five year disease free survival rate (5YDFS) was 95.8%. According to stage, 5YDFS was 100%, 96.9%, 96% and 88.9% in stage 0, I, IIa and IIb, respectively. Two patients had distant metastasis and one had local and distant failure. One patient with distant failure had bone and liver metastasis at 14 months after treatment and the other had lung and both supraclavicular metastasis at 21 months after treatment. Patient with local and distant failure had local recurrence on other quadrant in same breast and then salvaged with total mastectomy and chemotherapy but she died due to brain metastasis at 55 months. Complications were radiation pneumonitis in five patients (four patients of asymptomatic, one patients of symptomatic) and hand or arm edema(4 patients). Fifty nine patients answered our cosmetic result questionnaire and cosmetic results were good to excellent in fifty one patients (86%). CONCLUSION: We considered that conservative surgery and radiation for the treatment of early stage invasive breast cancer was safe and had excellent survival and cosmetic results. We need to assess about prognostic factors with longer follow up and with large number of patients.
Age Distribution ; Aged ; Arm ; Brain ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Methotrexate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Photons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: A papillary carcinoma of the breast is relatively rare. Only about 1 to 2% of the breast carcinomas have been reported to be papillary carcinomas. So far, we have not found any report of a clinicopathological analysis of a papillary carcinoma in Korean women. METHODS: The records of 13 women diagnosed as having a papillary carcinoma were reviewed. The H&E and specially stained microscopic slides from each case were re-examined. The clinical data, tumor sizes, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, surgical procedures, and recurrences were analyzed. RESULTS: The 13 cases of papillary cancer represented an incidence of 1.28% of all breast cancers diagnosed at the Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. The mean age of the patients was 47.08 11.79. The tumor was frequently located centrally (61.5%), and the most common symptom was a palpable mass in the breast (92.3%). Four out of the 13 patients (32.5%) had axillary lymph node metastases. Hormone receptors were positive in five of seven patients (71.4%). Only one patient with advanced disease at the time of operation experienced distant metastases within 17 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: A papillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer and has a favorable prognosis. The clinical outcome and histolgic characteristics were similar to those in other reports, but the mean age of the patients in this report was lower than that of Caucasian women.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Phyllodes tumors are relatively rare fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. There are no strict criteria for the classification of benign and malignant phyllodes tumor. The recurrence rate is relatively high, and no single criterion for predicting recurrence has yet been established. In an attempt to define the clinical features and their histopathological correlations, we have reviewed a total of 38 patients with original pathological diagnoses of cystosarcoma phyllodes and phyllodes tumors. METHODS: Thirty-eight cases of phyllodes tumors were reviewed. Microscopic slides were re-examined and reclassified using newly defined histologic criteria which were modified from those of Pietruszka et al. The pathologic criteria examined were the number of mitoses, the invasiveness of the tumor border, the stromal overgrowth, and the stromal cellular pleomorphism. The clinical features evaluated included age, incidence, clinical manifestation, surgical procedure, and recurrence. RESULTS: The mean age was 34.9 +/- 12.4 years with the peak age between 40 and 49. The yearly incidence trend showed a slow increase. Twenty-three tumors (62%) fullfilled the criteria for benign phyllodes tumors, seven tumors (19%) were borderline, and seven tumors (19%) were malignant. The mean ages of the patients with benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors were 31.9, 39.1, and 40.9 years, respectively. The sizes of the benign phyllodes tumors were smaller than those of the borderline or the malignant tumors. Recurrence was found after initial excision in two patients with benign phyllodes tumors. However, after an initial wide excision, there was no recurrence in five patients with borderline and malignant tumors. CONCLUSIONS: There were no dependable histopathological features to predict recurrence; that is, histologic type does not influence the rate of recurrence or the prognosis after an adequate excision.
Breast* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mitosis ; Phyllodes Tumor* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: A fibroadenoma is a very common benign breast tumor, which has been reported to be present in 7 to 13% of patients examined in breast clinics. This study was carried out, at a university hospital in Daegu, Korea, to find the clinical manifestations and characteristics of fibroadenomas in Korean women. METHODS: Four hundred and sixty-four patients, with pathological diagnosis of fibroadenomas, who underwent excisional biopsies, between January 1996 and December 2001, were included in this study. Clinical manifestations, diagnoses, including the sonographic findings, and the clinical characteristics, including the mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis, tumor siz and location, and the solitary or multiple nature of the tumor, were analysed. RESULTS: The most common symptom was a palpable mass in the breast. In the majority of patients (81.5%), a mass was the only symptom, but the breast mass was associated with breast pain in only 8.8% of patients. Diagnosis was usually made from the characteristic clinical and sonographic findings. Frozen section examinations were rarely necessary for the differentiation from a carcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 34 years, but 34% of the women were aged 40 or older. Left sided fibroadenomas were slightly more common than those of the right. Bilateral tumors were found in 9.3% of patients. The most common locations of the breast tumors were the upper outer quadrant, followed by the center and upper inner quadrant. The mean size of the tumor was 2.35 cm. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations in Korean women were similar to those in Western reports, but the age at diagnosis was older in this study.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroadenoma* ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Korea ; Mastodynia ; Ultrasonography