No abstract available.
Angiolipoma*

The objective of this research was to study the differences between urban and rural areas high school students in body image and dietary habits. The number of subjects in Seoul and Kyungkido were 902. Based on self-reported height and weight, there was no significant difference between the urban and rural students. However, the rate of obesity was significantly higher in males, whereas the rate of underweight was significantly higher in females, especially for urban females (p < 0.05). Their ideal body image ratio as skinny or slender-type was 91.6% (urban) and 95.7% (rural) for male category while 100% (urban) and 99.4% (rural) for females. Urban females had a strong preference for a skinny body (p < 0.05). Rural students were more highly interested in weight control than urban students were, but they appeared not to care their health. In addition, they had significantly lower levels of weight control knowledge and dietary attitude score (p < 0.001). Subjective assessment of body weight appeared to be more important in terms of body satisfaction, weight control knowledge and dietary attitude than actual measurement of body mass index. Significant test revealed that weight control knowledge was related to dietary attitude (p < 0.01). (p < 0.01).
Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Thinness

The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical effects following local application of 30% minocycline strip(polycaprolactone), 2% minocycline gel(hydro-carbon gel) and 12% minocycline strip(polylactide, Minodent) to augment scaling and root planing in patients with chronic adult periodontitis. Forty teeth with periodontitis were enrolled in the study anddistributed into 4 groups including control group. All patients performed standardized oral hygiene instructions and mechanical debridement at the beginning of the study and then each local delivery drugs were inserted into periodontal pocket in each groups. Examinations regarding plaque index(PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), probing pocket depth (PPD) were carried out at 0, 2, 4 weeks. All experimental groups showed statistically significant differences between baseline and 2 and 4 weeks in every clinical indices. Especially, 30%minocycline strip and Minodent group showed a significant improvement in PBI at 2 weeks and in PPD at 2 and 4 weeks. In conclusion, highly bio-resorbable Minodent delivered subgingivally as an adjunct to scaling and root planing induces better clinical effects for periodontal health than 2% minocycline gel and control group.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice of nutrition education and perceptions for implementing nutrition education in elementary schools. In this survey, 833 dietitians, 808 principals and 3,141 teachers across the country were asked about the present status and problems as well as necessity, methods, education time, education subjects and the proper nutrition educator ratio. The results of the survey showed that only 4.2% of dietitians implemented nutrition education during regular school hours or through special activities. Many subjects responded that the reasons for not practicing nutrition education were systematic problems of lack of time due to too much food service work. Especially, many rural area dietitians responded that the reason was lack of time due to joint management and cooking. Many dietitians, principals and teachers responded that the placement of one nutrition teacher in every school is needed to resolve these problems. Other solutions suggested were the introduction of a dietitian internship, and the modernization of foodservice facilities for principals and teachers. Of those surveyed 98.4 percent of principals and 95.5 percent of teachers responded that nutrition education is urgently needed. Many subjects also responded that the first three years of elementary school are the most proper time for nutrition education and it is best that these lessons are reinforced at least once a month through discretional or special activities. Survey participants responded that the proper ratio for nutrition educators is 400-800 persons for dietitians compared to less than 400 persons for principals. In conclusion, it is hoped that this study will be able to provide a foundation of data for implementing a systematic nutrition education program by nutrition teachers in elementary school.
Cooking ; Education* ; Food Services ; Hope ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Joints ; Nutritionists ; Social Change

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) are known to play important roles in mediating stress responses and stress-related behavior. To elucidate the role of neuropeptides in response to the condition that had paired with traumatic event, we observed the changes of CRF and NPY by immunohistochemistry using a conditioned footshock paradigm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a shuttle box and exposed to 20 pairings of a tone(< 70dB, 5sec) followed by a footshock(FS, 0.8mA, 1sec) over 60min. A second group was exposed to the tone-footshock pairings, returned to the homecage for 2days, and then reexposed to the test chamber and 20tones alone for 60min, prior to sacrifice. Control groups were : a) sacrificed without exposure to FS ; b) exposed to the tone-footshock pairings and then sacrificed two days later ; or c) exposed to the chamber and tones alone, returned to the homecage for 2days and then reexposed to the chamber and 20tones over 60min prior to sacrifice. CRF was increased in animals exposed to FS or the aversive condition(context and tone) that had paired to FS in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared to the control. NPY was increased by FS in amygdala and PVN, but the condition previously associated with FS results in slight increase only in amygdala area. These results suggest that the BNST appears to be the mostly involved neural circuit in response to explicit cues previously paired with footshock. Moreover, this study raise the possibility that increased CRF peptide in the BNST in response to re-exposure to the aversive condition may underlie, in part, the experience of conditioned fear-related anxiety behavior.
Amygdala ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Cues ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Negotiating ; Neuropeptides* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The aim of periodontal treatments is the complete restoration of the structure and function of damaged periodontal tissues. Although it is very difficult to attain this goal, recent advances in periodontal wound healing concepts encourage hope reaching it. Safflower seeds has been used for the treatment of blood stasis, bone fracture and osteoporosis in traditional Korean medicine. The purpose of this study is to examine effects of the isolated extracts from Safflower seeds on mineralization of periodontal ligament cells and osteoblastic cells. Periodontal ligament cells were primarily obtained from a extracted premolars with non-periodontal diseases. Osteoblastic cells were obtained from calvariae of a fetal rat. Cells were cultured with DMEM at 37degrees C with 5% CO2 in 100% humidity incubator. Safflower seeds were isolated into the H2O layer and the butanol layer. MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) level were examined. Also the number of bone calcification nodules were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells was significantly increased in 10(-3)g/ml, 10(-6)g/ml of both H2O layer and butanol layer of Safflower seeds. 2. The cellular activity of osteoblastic cells was significantly increased in 10(-3)g/ml, 10(-6)g/ml of H2O layer of Safflower seeds. 3. ALP level of periodontal ligament cells was significantly increased in 10-3g/ml of both H2O layer and butanol layer of Safflower seeds. 4. ALP level of osteoblastic cells was significantly increased in 10(-3)g/ml, 10(-6)g/ml of H2O layer and especilly more increaton was showed in 10(-3)g/ml of H2O layer. 5. Calcification nodules of periodontal ligament cells slightly increased in 10(-3)g/ml of both H2O layer and butanol layer of Safflower seeds. 6. Calcification nodules of osteoblastic cells slightly increased in 10(-3)g/ml, 10(-6)g/ ml of H2O layer of Safflower seeds. These results indicate that H2O layer and butanol layer of the isolated extracts from Safflower seeds has excellent effects on mineralization of periodontal cells and osteoblastic cells.

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is the regeneration of periodontal tissues which have been lost due to periodontal disease. Recently, many natural medicines have been studied for their potential of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in periodontal tissues. Safflower seeds have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of fracture and blood stasis in oriental medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the biologic effects of safflower seeds extract on bone formation and regeneration of rat calvarial defects. The calvarial defects were made with 8mm trephine bur and extract of safflower seeds were placed directly at these defects. 24 rats were divided into control and experimental groups, and each group was sacrificed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. To study a histopathology related to bone regeneration, Goldner's Masson Trichrome stain and histomorphologic measuring was done at each weeks. In the early phase of bone healing, less inflammatory infiltration and capillary proliferation was found in experimental group compared to control. Dense bony tissues and matured bone structures in defect areas were found in experimental groups. And area of new bone formation was significantly increased at 8 weeks in experimental group. These results indicate that direct local application of safflower seeds extract reduces the early inflammatory response and promotes the regeneration of new bone in calvarial defects of rats.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Capillaries ; Carthamus tinctorius* ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Rats* ; Regeneration

Ginseng Radix(GR) had been used widely from oriental medicine and the effects of it have been investigated by many researchers. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of GR on the cell cycle progression and its molecular mechanism in human fetal osteoblast. The results were as follows. Increased cell proliferation was observed in cells exposed to 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml of GR-1 at 12 hours and 24 hours, 1 microgram/ml of GR-1 at 48 hours, and 100 microgram/ml, 10 microgram/ml of GR-2 at 12 hours, all treatment groups of GR-2 at 24 hours(p<0.05). S phase and G1 phase was increased in the group of treated with 100 ng/ml of GR-1, with 10 microgram/ml and 1 microgram/ml of GR-2, with 100 microgram/ml and 10 microgram/ml of GR-3 in the cell cycle analysis. The cell cycle regulation protein levels of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, CDK 2, CDK 4 and CDK 6 were increased in the group of treated with 1 microgram/ml and 100 ng/ml of GR-1, with 10 microgram/ml and 1 microgram/ml of GR-2, with 100 microgram/ml and 10 microgram/ml of GR-3. On the other hand, p21 was decreased in the treatment group with 1 microgram/ml and 100 ng/ml of GR-1, with 10 microgram/ml and 1 microgram/ml of GR-2, 10 microgram/ml of GR-3, and p53 and p16 was decreased in the treatment group with 100 ng/ml of GR-1, 100 microgram/ml GR-3 and pRb was decreased in the all treatment groups except 1 microgram/ml of GR-1. These results suggested that GR increases the cell proliferation and the cell cycle progression in human fetal osteoblast, which is linked to increased cell cycle regulation protein levels of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, CDK 2, CDK 4, CDK 6 and decreased cell cycle regulation protein levels of p21, pRb.
Humans

Many synthetic bone materials have been studied for their potential of regenerative effects in periodontal tissue. Safflower seeds have been traditionally used as a drug for the treatment of fracture and blood stasis in oriental medicines. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the osseous responses in rat calvarial defects between bone substitutes such as calcium carbonate and bovine-derived hydroxyapatite and feeding of safflower seeds. The calvarial defects were made with 8 mm trephine bur in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. Two graft materials were implanted in each experimental groups, whereas the control and safflower seed feeding groups were sutured without any other treatment. And then the rats of safflower seed feeding group were supplied with 3 g/day of safflower seeds. Each group was sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. To study a histopathology related to bone healing and regeneration, Goldner's Masson Trichrome stain was done at each weeks. The tissue response was evaluated under light microscope. There were more osteoblastic activity, new bone formation, dense bony connective tissues in bovine-derived hydroxyapatite group compared to other groups at 8 weeks. The osseous defect area of safflower seed feeding group was filled with prominent fibrous tissues, where less inflammatory infiltration and new capillary proliferation. In the early phase of bone healing, safflower seed feeding reduces the inflammatory response and promotes the proliferation of connective tissue. These results suggest that natural bovine-derived HA and safflower seed feeding could enhance the regenerative potential in periodontal defects.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes* ; Calcium Carbonate ; Capillaries ; Carthamus tinctorius* ; Connective Tissue ; Durapatite ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Transplants

Benign cystic mesothelioma (BCM) is a rare mesothelial lesion that forms multicystic masses in the upper abdomen, pelvis and retroperitoneum. Although it is categorized as a benign lesion, it has a tendency to recur. It is uncertain whether the nature of this lesion is reactive or neoplastic, but many articles support the conclusion that it is reactive rather than neoplastic. The majority of cases were associated with a history of a previous abdominal or pelvic operation, or an evidence of endometriosis or a pelvic inflammatory disease, or a combination of these findings. In a 26-year-old woman we experienced a case of BCM which was incidentally discovered at cesarean delivery revealing multilocular thin and translucent walled cysts in the pelvic cavity. Microscopic examination revealed a thin cyst wall that was composed of fibrous connective tissue and lined by internal stratified and external nonstratified single cuboidal epithelia.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Connective Tissue ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Mesothelioma, Cystic* ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pelvis