We analyzed 41 cases of burst fractures on the thoracolumbar junction which were operated with Kaneda and Cotrel-Dubousset implant at Chosun University Hospital between 1989 and 1993. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic sign, the amount of reduction, complications, and functional results. The results were as follows: 1. According to McGrorys Criteria to evaluate the posterior superior vertebral body angle of burst fractures, 33 out of 41 cases(80.5%) were positive and the average angle degree was 107.6°. 2. The average postoperative kyphotic correction was 15.4° in the Kaneda group and 13.8° in the C-D group. The average loss of correction at follow-up examination was 5° in the Kaneda group and 4.8° in the C-D group. 3. Indirect reduction was achieved in 10 cases(50%) and we obtained a good indirect reduction even though canal compromise was over 50%. 4. The pain at operative site was much more severe in the Kaneda group(6 cases) than in the C-D group(2 cases) and both groups experienced 2 cases each of implant failure. 5. According to Denis' pain and work scale, 28 cases(63.8%) had good and excellent, 8 cases had fair and 5 cases had poor results. In summary we recommend doing 1) a posterior instrumentation first for stability and indirect reduction, if it is not a severe neurologic symptom and 2) anterior decompression if it is a severe or progressive neurologic symptom.
Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Neurologic Manifestations

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of problems for the management of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) is the difficulty of determining the affected ear using Ewald's second law. The purpose of this study is to develop the new "Bow and Lean Test (BLT)" to determine easily the affected ear of HSC-BPPV and evaluate its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We compared the efficiency between the classical method and BLT in 26 patients with HSC-BPPV. The classical method is based on Ewald??s second law comparing the intensity of nystagmus or symptoms in head roll test. BLT is based on the direction of both "bowing nystagmus" and "leaning nystagmus" at head's bowing and leaning state on sitting position. The affected ear is the same direction of bowing nystagmus in canalolithiasis and the same direction of leaning nystagmus in cupulolithiasis. RESULTS: In 26 patents (15 canalolithiasis, 11 cupulolithiasis), 3 (11.5%) patients did not show a prominent affected ear in the classical method, and 7 (26.9%) patients showed the different affected ear between two methods. All 10 patients were successfully treated with just one trial of barbecue rotation based on the affected ear in BLT. Three patients did not show any bowing or leaning nystagmus. The side with canal paresis in all 4 patients, who showed significant canal paresis in bithermal caloric tests, was equal to the affected ear based on BLT. CONCLUSION: "Bow and Lean Test" (also called "Choung's test") is a new method which can easily determine the affected ear of HC-BPPV.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Paresis ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of problems for the management of horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV) is the difficulty of determining the affected ear using Ewald's second law. The purpose of this study is to develop the new "Bow and Lean Test (BLT)" to determine easily the affected ear of HSC-BPPV and evaluate its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We compared the efficiency between the classical method and BLT in 26 patients with HSC-BPPV. The classical method is based on Ewald??s second law comparing the intensity of nystagmus or symptoms in head roll test. BLT is based on the direction of both "bowing nystagmus" and "leaning nystagmus" at head's bowing and leaning state on sitting position. The affected ear is the same direction of bowing nystagmus in canalolithiasis and the same direction of leaning nystagmus in cupulolithiasis. RESULTS: In 26 patents (15 canalolithiasis, 11 cupulolithiasis), 3 (11.5%) patients did not show a prominent affected ear in the classical method, and 7 (26.9%) patients showed the different affected ear between two methods. All 10 patients were successfully treated with just one trial of barbecue rotation based on the affected ear in BLT. Three patients did not show any bowing or leaning nystagmus. The side with canal paresis in all 4 patients, who showed significant canal paresis in bithermal caloric tests, was equal to the affected ear based on BLT. CONCLUSION: "Bow and Lean Test" (also called "Choung's test") is a new method which can easily determine the affected ear of HC-BPPV.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Paresis ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*

No abstract available.
Pressure Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA, Complementary* ; Leptin* ; Rats* ; Receptors, Leptin*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pathology, Clinical*

BACKGROUND: There has been a lot of changes in prehospital medical environment with development of EMSS(emergency medical service systems). Especially in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the patients could survive when they are moved to the hospitals earlier. The purpose of this research is to know the status of EMSS in Korea by analyzing CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospital in the western area of Seoul and Incheon. METHODS: From July 1997 to June 1998, we collected data about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims at Ewha Womens University Mokdong Hospital, Catholic University Medical College St. Mary Hospital, and Kachon University Chung Ang Gil Hospital. We used same record form based on the 'Utstein Style'. RESULTS: CPR were performed in 265 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospitals. One hundred twelve(42.3%) patients recovered the spontaneous circulation at least once and eight(3.0%) patients discharged alive. One hundred ninety four(73.2%) patients died of medical causes, one hundred two(38.5%) cardiogenic and ninety two(34.7%) non-cardiogenic, and seventy(26.4%) patients died of traumatic causes. Initial EKG showed VT/VF(ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation) in thirty one(11.7%) patients, asystole in one hundred fifty one(57.0%) patients and other rhythms in eighty three(31.3%) patients. Among one hundred two cardiogenic cardiac arrest patients, two(2.0%) patients was discharged alive. CONCLUSION: Overall survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac angst patients was 3% which was poorer than that of the western country. The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 3% which was only hart of the western country. VT/VF is relatively not common as a initial EKG rhythm. These differences might be due to difference in the prevalence pattern of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: The mean height and weight had been increasing rapidly in Korean adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze body physique (height, weight, BMI and waist circumference) of Korean adolescents, using KNHNES data. METHODS: The data were obtained from the KNHNES from each year of 1998, 2001 and 2005. Total number of 4164 adolescents (2140 boys, 2024 girls) aged 10 to 19 years were included. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured and the mean value of body physique was analyzed by sex and age. RESULTS: For height of 10 yr-old boys, there was no difference between 1998, 2001 and 2005, but the height of 13 yr-old boys was increased more than 3 cm in 2005, compared to 1998 and 2001. For height of 10 yr-old girls, more than 2 cm was increased, but, there was no significant difference after the age of 14 year in each 1998, 2001 or 2005. Height of the age of 19 was 173.7 cm in boys and 161.3 cm in girls in 2005, showing no distinct change compared to 1998 or 2001. Weight and BMI showed significant increase in both sexes and all-aged groups for older than the age of 11 years in 2005, compared to 1998 or 2001. Weight increase was more distinct in boys compared to girls. For boys, waist circumference of 2005 were higher than 1998, but lower than 2001. For girls, waist circumference of 2005 were higher than 1998 and 2001 especially in the late teens. CONCLUSION: Rapid increase in height was shown in the early teenage whereas final height showed no significant difference during 1998-2005. The mean weight and BMI have been increased dramatically in 2005, compared to 1998 or 2001 in boys and girls. This phenomenon was shown more remarkably in boys, compared to girls. These findings emphasize importance of obesity management, especially on boys.
Adolescent* ; Female ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity ; Waist Circumference*

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 3'-end of 18S rRNA gene, 5.8S rRNA gene and the 5'-end of the 28S rRNA gene of Rhizopus spp. were amplified by PCR and analyzed by DNASIS program. Length polymorphism of these region ranged from 564 bp in R. oryzae to 789bp in R. stolonifer. The length and sequence of 5.8S was very conserved with 154~155 bp. The sequence of ITS2 was more variable than that of ITS1. The base substitution rates were ranged from 0 to 0.6069 per site, and higher rate was found in R. stolonifer. In general, transition was usually more frequent than transversion. On the basis of sequencing results, four groups were clustered with value of 61.9% similarity; R. oryzae, R. microspores, R. homothallicus, and R. stolonifer groups.
DNA, Ribosomal* ; Genes, rRNA ; Oryza ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizopus* ; Sequence Analysis*