PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the influence of academic institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, social (friend) support, and existential spiritual well-being on suicidal ideation of college students. METHODS: The research design was descriptive survey research involving 285 college students in city G. Data was collected from May 18, 2011 to November 2, 2011 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS: The findings reveal that suicidal ideation of college students was low, i.e., average score was 9.2+/-3.65 (possible range 5~25). This study determined that suicidal ideation is negatively correlated with interest on the part of the academic institution, open parent-adolescent communication, social support from friends, and existential spiritual well-being. The extent of existential spiritual well-being was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation, controlling for general characteristics variables (gender, number of close friends, first supporter) and institutional interest, open parent-adolescent communication, and social support. Existential spiritual well-being accounted for 50% of the explanation of suicidal ideation of college students. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, designing an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation of tertiary education students is strongly recommended.
Education ; Friends ; Humans ; Research Design ; Suicidal Ideation*

BACKGORUND: infusion of propofol by a target-controlled infusion (TCi) system is effective in achieving conscious sedation for anxious patients presenting for dental surgery. However, there is no report of conscious sedation for mandibular fracture patients using propofol TCi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the appropriation of a conscious sedation using propofol for mandibular fracture patients. METHODS: Twenty patients with a mandibular fracture undergoing an open reduction and miniplate insertion operation were analyzed. We anesthetized patients using a propofol infusion by a TCi system (Diprifusor :Master TCi:Pilot Anesthesia is, France) with local anesthesia using lidocaine. The BiS score was evaluated continually during surgery using a microcomputer (A-2000 BiS monitor , Aspect Medical System, USA). We set the infusion machine at a target concentration 2mug/ml, and adjusted the propofol concentration for a BiS score range of 80-85. infusion rate, total dosage, duration of induction, recall of operative procedure and cooperation scores were checked. BiS, heart rate, noninvasive arterial blood pressure, and SpO2 were recorded during the operation. RESULTS: The mean BiS score was 82.95, the mean target concentration of propofol was 2.645mug/ml, the mean infusion rate was 136.3mug/kg/min, and the mean cooperation score was 2.5, the patients were cooperative. The score of amnesia was 0.2, almost patients did not recall the intraoperative event. The mean duration of stay in the recovery room was 22.2 minutes, and the most frequent side effect was pain on injecion of propofol. CONCLUSiONS: Conscious sedation with propofol TCi is an effective anesthesia method substitute for general anesthesia with quick emergence, few side effects, and safety for mandibular fracture patients.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Local ; Arterial Pressure ; Conscious Sedation* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Microcomputers ; Propofol* ; Recovery Room ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma is clinically challenging. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) and computed tomographic (CT) scanning have become primary diagnostic modalities. We examined the efficacy and the role of ultrasonographic (US) studies in the initial abdominal evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. METHODS: We, therefore, retrospectively reviewed 87 patients who sustained blunt abdominal trauma from October 1996 to August 1997. RESULTS: Ultrasonography showed a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 98.3%. The accuracy was 95.4%. The positive predictive value was 96.3%, and the negative predictive value was 95.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography saves time and money, can be performed in the emergency department, shows high sensitivity and specificity, and is the best method of first choice in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma. We believe that abdominal US should be considered an important tool and an integral part in the work-up for major trauma victims.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Peritoneal Lavage ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of unilateral leg exercise on the contralateral leg and the cross training effect according to the training intensity. METHOD: Nineteen healthy males volunteered to be subjects for this investigation and were divided into a training group (N=13) and a control group (N=6). One leg of each subject in the training group was randomly assigned to a six week, three day/week isokinetic strengthening training program for concentric knee extension-flexion performed at 60 degrees/second (group A, N=6) and 180 degrees/second (group B, N=7). The control group did not train for six weeks. The strength of the knee extensor and flexor was tested before and after the six week period training by Cybex 770 dynamometer. RESULTS: In both groups A and B, the training resulted in significant increase of knee extensor strength in trained limb compared to control group. However, the strength increment of untrained limb was not significant compared to control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant cross training effect following unilateral leg strength exercise.
Education ; Extremities ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg* ; Male

Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common disease seen in the Emergency Department. Among the patients who visited in the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain, many people were suspected urolithiasis. Because of limitation of diagnostic method on Emergency Department we planned this study in order to confirm the our accuracy of diagnosis and the possibility of misdiagnosis. During 5 months from April 1996 to August 1996, the 189 patients was suspected the urolithiasis. Among this patient, 51 cases was excluded due to incomplete study. After performing P/ex, U/A KUB in the Emergency Department, they were followed out patients department of Urology and performed Intravenous Pyelogram. The sensitivity and specificity for KUB were 84.5% and 94.0%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 93.8%, the negative predictive value was 93.8%. Diagnostic accuracy of urolithiasis in our Emergency Department is 89.1%. There was no relationship between urinary occult blood and KUB or IVP. There was no relationship between degree of occult blood and diagnosis of urolithiasis. For differential diagnosis of urolithisis, emergency ultrasound and IVP will be available. So combination of this diagnostic methods will improve accuracy and safety of diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Nephrolithiasis ; Occult Blood ; Outpatients ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography ; Urolithiasis* ; Urology

BACKGROUND: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after cardiac surgery usually requires inotropes. In this setting, critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) may develop. We aimed to investigate the clinical features of CIRCI in the presence of LCOS and to assess the efficacy of steroid treatment. METHODS: We reviewed 28 patients who underwent a rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test due to the suspicion of CIRCI between February 2010 and September 2014. CIRCI was diagnosed by a change in serum cortisol of <9 μg/dL after the ACTH test or a random cortisol level of <10 μg/dL. RESULTS: Twenty of the 28 patients met the diagnostic criteria. The patients with CIRCI showed higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than those without CIRCI (16.1±2.3 vs. 11.4±3.5, p=0.001). Six of the patients with CIRCI (30%) received glucocorticoids. With an average elevation of the mean blood pressure by 22.2±8.7 mm Hg after steroid therapy, the duration of inotropic support was shorter in the steroid group than in the non-steroid group (14.1±2.3 days versus 30±22.8 days, p=0.001). Three infections (15%) developed in the non-steroid group, but this was not a significant between-group difference. CONCLUSION: CIRCI should be suspected in patients with LCOS after cardiac surgery, especially in patients with a high SOFA score. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy may be considered to reduce the use of inotropes without posing an additional risk of infection.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output, Low* ; Critical Illness ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Thoracic Surgery ; Wound Infection

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is due to VZV reactivation in most cases. The infection rate ranges from 4% to 12% in renal allograft recipients. Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a rare manifestation of VZV infection. RHS typically presents as severe ear pain, small vesicles, and facial palsy. We reported a case of a 60-year-old man with an unusual clinical course who underwent living donor renal transplantation. He complained of severe ear pain but did not show vesicles or facial palsy. He also presented lesions indicating a fungal infection. Diagnosis of RHS was delayed since facial palsy did not develop until some days later. Although the denervation rate was high, he showed recovery of nearly all symptoms after antiviral treatment. Solid organ recipients may not typically show presentation of viral infection, and therefore clinical suspicion is important. Even though the final diagnosis is delayed, we must treat patients since they may recover well in contrast with the average population.
Allografts ; Denervation ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Facial Paralysis ; Herpes Zoster Oticus* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Living Donors ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Female ; Indomethacin* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

We report a case of high-output chylothorax associated with thrombo-occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC) and left innominate vein (LIV) following an arterial switch operation in a neonate. The chylothorax was resolved by 3 weeks after surgical reconstruction of the SVC and LIV using fresh autologous pericardium. We confirmed the patency of the SVC and LIV with a 1-year follow-up computed tomographic scan at our outpatient clinic.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Arterial Switch Operation ; Brachiocephalic Veins* ; Chylothorax* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Pericardium ; Thrombosis ; Vena Cava, Superior*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cell phone dependency and aggression in elementary school students with the mediating effect of leisure activities in South Korea. METHODS: Data were cross-sectional in study design with 1,555 fourth grade elementary school students participating in the 4th-year Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Cell phone dependency has a significant effect on aggression, but it did not act as a control variable in the relationship between the protective factor, weekly book reading time and the amount of daytime play with aggression. Weekly entertainment time and weekly TV and video viewing time had a significant statistical effect on aggression, thus this study confirmed that cell phone dependency acts as a control variable in relation to aggression. CONCLUSION: As the entertainment time for elementary school students, the time spent watching TV and videos play a negative role, it is necessary to prepare a leisure activity management practice and strategies with an emphasis on entertainment time as well as, TV and video viewing as elementary school students' leisure activities for a healthy school life.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Cell Phones ; Child ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Humans ; Korea ; Leisure Activities ; Negotiating ; Protective Factors ; Statistics as Topic