The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. The study population consisted of 40 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Smokers(n=20) were defined as individuals smoking at least twenty cigarettes per day at the time of the initial examination. The non-smoking group(n=20) consisted of individuals who were not smoking at the initial examination. The average age was 42.4 years for the smoking and non-smoking group. Examination regarding plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and contrast phase microscope were performed. Evaluation were made at the first, the second and the fourth weeks after periodontal non-surgical therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Clinical indices including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth were decreased in both smoking and non-smoking group at the first, the second, and the fourth weeks. Especially, clinical indices of non-smokers were more significantly decreased than those of smokers. 2. Non-motile rods were increased and motile rods were reduced at the fourth week. spirochetes were reduced significantly in the non-smoking group at the fourth week. These results suggest that smoking play a minor role in adult periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Adult* ; Chronic Periodontitis* ; Humans ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Spirochaetales ; Tobacco Products

OBJECTIVES: Health is closely related to an individual's assessment of their quality of life and their subjective level of happiness. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between happiness index and self-rated health by utilizing a community health survey in Korea. METHODS: The study participants were 17,937 people living in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, who completed a community health survey in 2014. The non-subjective variables included in the statistical analysis were sex, age, region, education, income, and economic activity. The subjective awareness variables included self-rated health, self-rated oral health, chewing difficulty, pronunciation difficulty, and happiness index. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Evaluation of the subjective awareness levels revealed that the respondents that were better educated, whose income levels were higher, and those who engaged in an economic activity found themselves to be in better physical health and oral health. In contrast, the respondents that were female, older, and with residence in the counties reported a higher incidence of chewing difficulty. There was a positive correlation between happiness index and subjective awareness level, and a negative correlation between chewing difficulty and pronunciation difficulty. Happiness index was influenced the most by subjective health levels, followed by income, age, pronunciation difficulty, subjective oral health, chewing difficulty, academic credential, region, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, in order to improve the happiness index of community residents, regular health checkups and systematic oral health education should be prepared in order to improve awareness of subjective health and reduce discomfort in the oral cavity, and efforts should be made to reduce the gap between regions.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Education ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Happiness* ; Health Surveys* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Oral Health ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Education, Medical*

PURPOSE: The rate of malignancy in the follicular neoplasm (FN) or Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) of the thyroid gland is estimated as approximately 20~30%. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section examination are restricted in differentiating between benign and malignant. The aims of this study are to compare the differences of clinicopathologic features and to determine the risk factors for malignancy in patients with FN or HCN. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with FN or HCN who were diagnosed by FNAB, and underwent surgery at our institution between Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2010. We analyzed the risk factors for malignancy and the differences of clinicopathologic features in patients with FN or HCN. RESULTS: A total of 290 patients were enrolledin this study; 160 (55.2%) patients underwent thyroidectomy, 97 (60.6%) patients had FN, and 63 (39.4%) had HCN. Forty one (25.6%) patients were diagnosed as malignancy of these, 22 (22.7%) patients were FN and 19 (30.2%) were HCN (P=0.29). Two (2.1%) patients with FN and 10 (15.9%) with HCN (P=0.002) comcomitant papillary thyroid carcinoma were indentified by FNAB. Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings in both neoplasms (P<0.05) and galectin-3 in FN (P<0.05) were predictive factors for malignancy. In addition, galectin-3 was a predictive factor for malignancy in indeterminate nodules on ultrasonography (USG) (P=0.028). CONCLUSION: Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings and galectin-3 expression is helpful in predicting carcinoma of patients with FN or HCN.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Classification ; Frozen Sections ; Galectin 3 ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule* ; Thyroidectomy ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Many patients received transfusion in emergency department because of blood loss. There are few studies on massive transfusion for non-traumatic patients. This study investigated mortality and risk factor for non-traumatic bleeding patients who received transfusion. METHODS: Non-trauma patients who received transfusion at the emergency department for 3 years from March 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled. The patients who are younger than 15 years, trauma patients, and transfused FFP or platelet alone are excluded. Medical records was investigated retrospectively. We investigated predictive factors for MT on non-trauma patients and predictive factors for mortality on MT patients. RESULTS: Among 1655 non-trauma patients, 150 patients (9.24%) received MT. The age of MT group was younger than that of non-MT group and systolic bloor pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly lower. Base excess, pH, lactate levels were significantly different between MT and non-MT group. Intensive care unit length of stay was longer, mortality of 24 hours was higher and survival discharge was lower than non-MT group. Mortality rate of MT group was 20.7% which was significantly higher than non-MT group's 9.3%. FFP:RBC ratio was higher in MT group than non-MT group. Among the MT group, non-survival group used higher FFP:RBC ratio product than survival group. On multivariate analysis, sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE were significant as predictors of MT. CONCLUSION: For non-trauma patients in emergency department, if sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE are abnormal, massive transfusion could be expected. Like trauma patients, basic scoring system that can predict MT would be necessary and useful.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Transfusion* ; Emergencies* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intensive Care Units ; Lactic Acid ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Administering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome has substantially increased over the last decade, however administering ECMO to patients with hematologic malignancies may carry a particularly high risk. Here, we report the clinical outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and severe acute respiratory failure who were treated with ECMO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with hematologic malignancies and severe acute respiratory failure who were treated with ECMO at the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital between March 2010 and April 2015. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients (9 men; median age 45 years) with hematologic malignancies and severe acute respiratory failure received ECMO therapy during the study period. The median values of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, Murray Lung Injury Score, and Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction Score were 29, 3.3, and -2, respectively. Seven patients received venovenous ECMO, whereas 8 patients received venoarterial ECMO. The median ECMO duration was 2 days. Successful weaning of ECMO was achieved in 3 patients. Hemorrhage complications developed in 4 patients (1 pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 intracranial hemorrhage, and 2 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding). The longest period of patient survival was 59 days after ECMO initiation. No significant differences in survival were noted between venovenous and venoarterial ECMO groups (10.0 vs. 10.5 days; p = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hematologic malignancies and severe acute respiratory failure demonstrate poor outcomes after ECMO treatment. Careful and appropriate selection of candidates for ECMO in these patients is necessary.
Adult* ; APACHE ; Critical Illness ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Hematologic Neoplasms* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Lung Injury ; Male ; Medical Records ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Respiratory Insufficiency* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Aging population correspond with an increase in the numbers of dementia patients. Dementia decreases the quality of life of patients and care-givers. However, current pharmacological treatment is limited by modest efficacy and adverse effect. Nonpharmacological treatment for dementia has been considered to be a substitute treatment. Recently we developed a special planned program for dementia with depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic effect of this program. METHODS: We included patients aged 65 and older who diagnosed dementia with depression in a geriatric institution from April to June, 2006. We surveyed their sex, age, education period, and histories of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol intake. Patients in experimental group carried out our program, including cooking, painting, recreation, and activity, 9 times for 60 minutes a session. All included patients were checked Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) before starting program and after 3 months when programs finished. RESULTS: There was no difference in demographic factors between two groups. K-MMSE was significantly improved in experimental group compared with control group (P = 0.01). And, the KGDS was significantly improved in experimental group compared with control group (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: Multidivisional program for social skill improvement was effective on treatment for patients of dementia with depression. Nonpharmacological treatment for dementia with depression would be developed and studied to enhance the qualities of life of patients and care of dementia.
Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; Cooking ; Dementia ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Paint ; Paintings ; Quality of Life ; Recreation ; Smoke ; Smoking

Ovarian myoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor, accounting for only 1% of benign ovarian neoplasm. These tumors only originate from smooth muscle on the walls of blood vessels in the cortical stroma, in the corpus luteum and in the ovarian ligaments at the point of attachment to the ovary. Most patients are asymptomatic and the tumors are usually found incidently during operations or at autopsies. Two cases of ovarian myoma experienced in our hospital recently are reported with a brief review of the literatures."
Autopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Corpus Luteum ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ligaments ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myoma ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of treadmill aerobic exercise for eight weeks on cardiopulmonary fitness and functional mobility in stroke patients METHOD: Twenty one stroke patients who could walk independently and had MMSE score of 24 or higher were included. We used maximal exercise test by means of modified Harbor protocol before and after eight weeks' treadmill aerobic exercise. We monitored patients' status with EKG, heart rate, blood pressure and Borg rating of perceived exertion, and measured maximal O2 consumption, maximal heart rate, blood pressure, minute ventilation, rate pressure product and respiratory exchange ratio during maximal exercise test. We also assessed functional mobility by Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity, Berg balance scale, five times sit to stand test, timed up & go test, dynamic gait index scale, activities-specific balance confidence scale and Korean-modified Barthel index before and after 8 weeks' training. RESULTS: Twenty one patients completed treadmill aerobic exercise training. After eight weeks' treadmill aerobic exercise, the cardiopulmonary fitness, measured by maximal O2 consumption, maximal heart rate, minute ventilation, systolic blood pressure, functional mobility measured by Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity, Berg balance scale, five times sit to stand test, timed up & go test, dynamic gait index scale, activities-specific balance confidence scale and Korean-modified Barthel index showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Eight weeks' treadmill aerobic exercise improved the cardiopulmonary fitness and functional mobility in ambulatory stroke patients.
Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Gait ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Stroke ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: About half of the world population is infected with H. pylori, but the transmission and the source of this infection are still unclear. Recently, dental plaque (DP) and saliva have been implicated as possible sources of H. pylori infection. This study was done to investigate the detection rates of H. pylori in the DP and saliva by use of PCR depending on H. pylori infection state of gastric mucosa. METHODS: In 46 subjects, gastric H. pylori colonization was evaluated with CLO test, microscopy of Gram stained mucosal smear, culture and histology after modified Giemsa staining in the antrum and body, respectively. A patient was regarded as H. pylori positive if one or more of the four aforementioned test methods demonstrated H. pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa. For detection of H. pylori in the DP and saliva, PCR assay was done with ET4-U and ET4-L primers. To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of this PCR, H. pylori positivity was evaluated in the antrum and body, separately. RESULTS: The sensitivity of mucosal PCR was 50.0% (27/54) and the specificity 86.8% (33/38). When a subject was regarded as H. pyloi positive, if either antrum or body mucosal H. pylori was is positive, the positive rate of mucosal PCR was 62.1% (18 subjects) in the 29 H. pylori-positive and 17.6% (3 subjects) in the 17 H. pylori-negative subjects. DP PCR was positive in 2 of 29 H. pylori-positive subjects (6.9%) and none in the 17 H. pylori-negative (0%). Saliva PCR was positive in 4 of 14 H. pylori-positive subjects (28.6%) and none of 6 H. pylori-negative (0%). CONCLUSION: The detection rates of H. pylori in DP and saliva by PCR were rather low, 6.9% and 28.6%, respectively, and these rates might have been underestimated by low sensitivity of the PCR method used in this study. However, the results that H. pylori was found in the DP and saliva suggest that the oral cavity can perform a role as a reservoir of H. pylori in Korea.
Dental Plaque/microbiology* ; Gastric Mucosa/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification* ; Human ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Saliva/microbiology* ; Sensitivity and Specificity