No abstract available.
Panax*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to understand the level of fatigue and daily living activities and to confirm their relationship in patients with chronic liver disease. METHOD: The sample consisted of 182 patients with chronic liver disease with a mean age of 42.4 years, who visited the D University Hospital and a S clinic from February, 2004 to March in 2004. Data were collected by a self reporting questionnaire on the selected variables such as fatigue and daily life activities. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t- test, ANOVA. RESULTS: Subjects showed the mild level of fatigue and slightly high level of daily living activities. They also showed a negative relationship between fatigue and daily living activities. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop nursing intervention program to reduce the level of fatigue for improving the level of daily living activities in patients with chronic liver disease.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Liver Diseases* ; Liver* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report

PURPOSE: Cardiotoxicity following cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy is an emerging issue for breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current domestic research trends for exercise intervention for Korean breast cancer patients under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focused on cardiovascular indices as study outcome measures and to make suggestions for future nursing studies. METHODS: A literature search was done using PubMed, CINAHL and two Korean databases to identify experimental studies reported in Korean or English between 2,000 and 2015. We identified five studies independently reviewed by two reviewers. The quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed by RoBANS criteria. RESULTS: Tai-chi exercise was used in three studies and aerobic exercise programs or yoga and walking exercise in the remaining studies. Two studies evaluated cardiovascular outcomes and showed positive findings for breast cancer patients. For cardiovascular indices, heart rate and blood pressure were used. CONCLUSION: This study showed the need for conducting well-designed experimental studies including clinical cardiovascular outcomes to generate evidence on exercise intervention for cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity prevention. Additional studies are warranted to accelerate the potential use of exercise as a nursing intervention for cancer patients under chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Blood Pressure ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cardiovascular System ; Drug Therapy* ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Radiotherapy* ; Walking ; Yoga

Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical factors associated with positive brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute altered mental status (AMS). Methods: Patients with acute AMS who presented to the ED were retrospectively analyzed from September 2019 to March 2020. Non-traumatic patients with abnormal alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive (AVPU) scale scores and exhibiting acute change in mental status were included in the study. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with acute AMS according to the results of their brain MRI. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the clinical factors associated with positive brain MRI findings. Results: During the study period, 138 patients underwent brain MRI in the ED, with 36 (26.1%) positive results. A majority of patients with positive brain MRI findings had underlying malignancies, cerebrovascular disease, higher serum total bicarbonate (TCO2) levels, TCO2≥22 mmol/L, lower blood urea nitrogen levels, abnormal findings on brain computed tomography and abnormal findings on neurologic examination. In the multivariable analysis, serum TCO2≥22 mmol/L (odds ratio [OR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-4.12) and the presence of cranial nerve abnormalities (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.55-9.68) and extremity abnormalities (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.11-6.88) were significantly associated with positive brain MRI results. Conclusion Serum TCO2 level and the presence of cranial nerve and extremity abnormalities in the neurologic examinations were significantly associated with positive brain MRI results in patients with acute AMS.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of time interval from intubation to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients according to the presence or absence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: This retrospective study used data from a prospectively collected OHCA registry for patients treated from January 2008 to December 2016. Non-traumatic adult OHCA patients who underwent brain computed tomography were included, while patients who achieved a prehospital ROSC or required advanced airway management were excluded. Utstein variables, initial blood gas analysis, electrolyte levels, and the time interval from intubation to ROSC were used to compare the ICH and non-ICH groups. RESULTS: A total of 448 patients were analyzed. The ICH group was younger and had more females than the non-ICH group. The time interval from intubation to ROSC was significantly shorter in the ICH group than the non-ICH group. The median time and interquartile range were 3 (2 to 7) minutes in the ICH group and 6 (3 to 10) minutes in the non-ICH group. The patient age, gender, potassium level, and time interval from intubation to ROSC were significant variables in the multivariable analysis. In a multivariable logistic regression model that included these variables, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.838. CONCLUSION: OHCA patients with ICH achieve ROSC after intubation in a shorter amount of time than those without ICH.
Adult ; Advanced Cardiac Life Support ; Airway Management ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Intubation ; Logistic Models ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ; Potassium ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve

The failure to improve the five-year survival rate of cancer patients, from one in three in the 1960s to one in two in the 1970s, stimulated awareness of the importance of primary prevention of cancer. Korean investigators carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments with 2000 newborn mice to investigate whether Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer inhibited carcinogenesis induced by several chemical carcinogens in 1978. There was a 22% decrease (p<0.05) in the incidence of urethane induced lung adenoma by the combined use of red ginseng extract. In the group sacrificed at 56 weeks after the treatment with aflatoxin B1, the incidence of hepatoma significantly decreased to 75% by the addition of red ginseng extract (p<0.05). The result showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. By the newly established '9 week medium-term anticarcinogenicity test model of lung tumors in mice' (Yun's model), we confirmed significant anticarcinogenic effects of powders and extracts of the 6- yr-old dried fresh ginseng, 5- and 6-yr old white ginsengs, and 4-, 5-, and 6-yr old red ginseng. We also demonstrated that the anticarcinogencity of ginseng was more prominent in aged or heat treated extracts of ginseng and red ginseng made by steaming. To investigate the active components for cancer prevention, several fractions of 6-yr old fresh ginseng and red ginseng, four semi-synthetic ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rg3 and Rg5, major saponin components in red ginseng, were prepared. Among the ginsenosides, Rg3 and Rg5 showed statistically significant reduction of lung tumor incidence and Rh2 had a tendency of decreasing the incidence. Ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 were found to be active anticarcinogenic compounds. Rg3, Rg5 and Rh2 are active components in red ginseng, and they prevent cancer either singularly or synergistically.
Animal ; *Anticarcinogenic Agents ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fractionation ; Human ; Korea ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; *Panax/chemistry/growth & development ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Time Factors

The antisynthetase syndrome is characterized by anti-Jo-1 antibody production, interstitial lung disease, inflammatory muscle disease, and, in many cases, fever, polyarthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mechanic's hands. Joint signs and symptoms occur in up to 90% of patients with antisynthetase syndrome, occasionally as the initial manifestations. Although visual inspection of the hands shows changes that are highly suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis, notable differences exist. Antisynthetase syndrome is a predominantly nonerosive arthropathy with subluxations of the distal interphalangeal joints. It manifests as overlap syndrome with other connective tissue diseases. However, overlap syndrome of antisynthetase syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis is rare. We treated a 51-year-old male patient with overlap syndrome of antisynthetase syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, and report the case with a review of the literature.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Antibody Formation ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Fever ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myositis ; Polymyositis

Objective: Practice guidelines for diverticulitis have been developed in countries where left-colon diverticulitis is dominant,but there is limited information on right-colon diverticulitis. This study examined the clinical characteristics and riskfactors of clinically severe right-colon diverticulitis. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with diverticulitis in an emergency department in Koreabetween 2013 and 2017 was performed. Clinically severe diverticulitis was defined as any cause of death, intensive careunit admission, surgery, or invasive intervention due to diverticulitis, and admission for seven or more hospital days.Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for clinically severe diverticulitis. Results: This study analyzed 302 patients. Patients with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.044; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.009-1.080; P=0.013), complications observed on computed tomography (CT) (OR, 6.906; 95% CI, 2.514-18.968;P<0.001), rebound tenderness on a physical examination (OR, 2.542; 95% CI, 1.041-6.218; P=0.041), high alkalinephosphatase (ALP) levels (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 1.002-1.026; P=0.026), and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR,1.095; 95% CI, 1.017-1.178; P=0.013) were at higher risk of clinically severe diverticulitis. Conclusion Among patients diagnosed with right-colon diverticulitis in the emergency department, those of older age,distinct complications on CT, rebound tenderness on physical examination, high ALP, and high CRP levels are related toclinically severe disease.

The present study was aimed to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the regulation of aquaporin (AQP) channels in the kidney. Male Brattleboro rats (250~300 g body weight) were used. The experimental group was treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 mg/L drinking water) for 1 week, and cotreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg, twice a day, i.p.) for the last two days. Control groups were treated with either L-NAME for 1 week, indomethacin for 2 days, or without any drug treatment. The abundance of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 proteins in the kidney was determined by Western blot analysis. Indomethacin downregulated AQP channels, whereas L-NAME by itself showed no significant effects on them. The indomethacin-induced downregulation of AQP2 and AQP3 was significantly blunted in L-NAME-treated rats, while that of AQP1 was not affected. These results suggest that endogenous NO, when stimulated, may downregulate AQP channels that are specifically regulated by AVP/cAMP pathway in the kidney.
Animals ; Aquaporin 3 ; Aquaporins* ; Blotting, Western ; Down-Regulation* ; Drinking ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Kidney ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Rats, Brattleboro

Objective: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the most crucial treatment for decompression sickness (DCS), which needs to be administered as swiftly as possible. This study evaluates the therapeutic responses of DCS patients and analyzes the major factors for clinical outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort single-center study on patients who arrived at our hospital’s emergency department for diving-related symptoms and were diagnosed with DCS and administered HBOT. Results: Totally, 337 patients were enrolled from June 2015 to May 2020. The proportion of SCUBA diving, rapid ascent, and inter-facility transport cases was higher in the recreational group, with a longer lag time from symptom onset to HBOT. The professional group had a higher proportion of cases with previous DCS history, total diving time, bottom time, in-water decompression, and repetitive diving. Examination of treatment outcomes revealed more type I cases and a shorter lag time from symptom onset to HBOT in the complete recovery group. Conversely, the incomplete recovery group had a higher proportion of type II cases and aggravation of symptoms before HBOT was administered. Conclusion DCS can occur regardless of professional or recreational divers. Both groups showed a similar level of severity. It is recommended that recreational divers should be cautious of accidents related to safety (such as rapid ascent) and receive swift treatment in case of the onset of symptoms. Occupational divers need more active efforts to get HBOT rather than just performing in-water recompression or home O2 therapy.