No abstract available.
Carcinogenesis* ; Oenothera biennis*

Kirschner-wires and pins are used for the intenal fixation of the acromioclavicular joint. Many surgeons are aware of the tendency of these appliances to migrate, however, few reports of this complication have appeared in literature. This report concerns two instances of migration K-wires from the acromioclavicular joint into the neck, The potential for K-wires to migrate must be recogniged, and more frequent postoperative radiographic studies performed after the insertion of such pins to permit earlier detection of bony resorption and migration. Thereby permitting earlier removal. In cases of young adult, the wires must be removed as soon as the desired theurapeutic results have been obtained.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Humans ; Neck ; Surgeons ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle*

Corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF) and neuropeptide Y(NPY) are known to play important roles in mediating stress responses and stress-related behavior. To elucidate the role of neuropeptides in response to the condition that had paired with traumatic event, we observed the changes of CRF and NPY by immunohistochemistry using a conditioned footshock paradigm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a shuttle box and exposed to 20 pairings of a tone(< 70dB, 5sec) followed by a footshock(FS, 0.8mA, 1sec) over 60min. A second group was exposed to the tone-footshock pairings, returned to the homecage for 2days, and then reexposed to the test chamber and 20tones alone for 60min, prior to sacrifice. Control groups were : a) sacrificed without exposure to FS ; b) exposed to the tone-footshock pairings and then sacrificed two days later ; or c) exposed to the chamber and tones alone, returned to the homecage for 2days and then reexposed to the chamber and 20tones over 60min prior to sacrifice. CRF was increased in animals exposed to FS or the aversive condition(context and tone) that had paired to FS in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) compared to the control. NPY was increased by FS in amygdala and PVN, but the condition previously associated with FS results in slight increase only in amygdala area. These results suggest that the BNST appears to be the mostly involved neural circuit in response to explicit cues previously paired with footshock. Moreover, this study raise the possibility that increased CRF peptide in the BNST in response to re-exposure to the aversive condition may underlie, in part, the experience of conditioned fear-related anxiety behavior.
Amygdala ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Cues ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Negotiating ; Neuropeptides* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Normal gingival fibroblasts functioning is fundamental for the maintenance of periodontal connective tissue as well as wound healing. Nicotine have been found to affect DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, which appear to depend on the type of cells. This in vitro study was done to determine the effects of nicotine, a major component of tobacco, on cell proliferation, viability, activity, cell cycle distribution, and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in human gingival fibroblasts. Nicotine has been tested for 2 days or 4 days in 5 different concentrations; 0.1 microgram/ml; 1 microgram/ml; 10 microgram/ml; 100 microgram/ml; 1000 microgram/ml. To assess cell proliferation and viability, viable and non-viable cells were counted by hemocytometer; to evaluate cellular activity, MTT assay was employed; to analyze cell cycle distribution, fluorescent propidium iodide-DNA complex were measured using fluorocytometer; to determine the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, western blot analysis was performed. After 2 days and 4 days incubation respectively, at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml, nicotine significantly inhibited proliferation comparing to non-supplemented controls. The cell viability was significantly decreased after 2 days and 4 days at concentrations of 1 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml and at 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml respectively. After 2 days and 4 days, the cellular activity was significantly decreased at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml - 1000 microgram/ml. Treatment with 100 microgram/ml nicotine for 48 hours caused an increase in the proportion of G1-phase cells (from 46.41% to 53.46%) and a decrease in the proportion of S-phase cells (from 17.80% to 14.27%). The levels of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 proteins in nicotine-treated fibroblasts were lower than that of controls, whereas the levels of p16 and pRB were higher than that of controls. These results suggest that the decrease of cell proliferation and lengthened Gap phases (G1) by nicotine may due to the increased expression of p16 and pRB as well as decreased expression of cyclin D1 and CDK 4 in human gingival fibroblasts.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Connective Tissue ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin D1 ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Nicotine* ; Propidium ; Tobacco ; Wound Healing

Gingival fibroblasts are major cellular component of gingiva. However, the molecular mechanisms of senescence of human gingival fibroblasts are unknown. Human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence in vitro after a limited number of population doublings. A reduced rate of proliferation is a prominent phenomenon observed in senescent fibroblasts. This phenomenon is happened with cell cycle arrest that was controled by cell cycle regulatory proteins. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of replicative senescence on cell cycle progression and to find out its molecular mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts. Replicative senescence of gingival fibroblasts were induced by subsequent cultures that were repeated up to 18 passage. In the present study, I examined change of cell proliferation, cell activity, cell viability and cell cycle progression during the replicative process. Also, I examined expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins which was estimated by western blot analysis. Cell proliferation, cell activity and cell viability of gingival fibroblasts were notably decreased with increase of population doubling level(PDL). S phase was decreased and G1 phase was increased with increase of PDL. Western blot analysis showed that levels of p16, p21 and p53 of senescent gingival fibroblasts(PDL41, PDL58) were higher than young fibroblasts(PDL27) and cdk4 were lower than young fibroblasts(PDL27). In conclusion, these results suggest that proliferative function of human gingival fibroblasts may be decreased by replicative senescence and its molecular mechanisms may be activatied with p16, p21, p53 and pRB, and repressed wtih cdk4.
Aging ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Aging* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Fibroblasts* ; G1 Phase ; Gingiva ; Humans* ; S Phase

OBJECTIVES: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the important treatment method which has a good effect on refractory depression, schizophrenia at acute stage, patients with suicidal ideation. Although ECT results in better effects and less adverse effects in acute stage of illnesses as compared with pharmacotherapy, clinical implications are decreasing. Thus, authors surveyed a view of Korean psychiatrists about ECT to find whether there are prejudices and/or misconceptions for ECT. METHODS: Authors made survey questionaire for the attitudes of ECT, based on the APA task force 14, a clinical study in Korea, Hermann et al's report, and questioned Korean psychiatrists on their opinions for ECT through the internet E-mail, who are the members of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association (KNPA) serving in hospitals with psychiatric inpatient units. RESULTS: 122 psychiatrists answered to survey questionnaire. 89.4% have positive attitude about ECT. They thought that ECT has relatively safe and potent therapeutic effects, and less adverse effects. The rate of psychiatrists who have been no experience to perform ECT was 13.9% (n=16). Interestingly all of them had been trained serve in university hospitals now. The rate of psychiatrists who had experienced practicing ECT past but, not experienced within 2 years recently was 48.7% (n=56). While psychiatrists who have been no experience of ECT were more worried about adverse effects, doctors who experienced practicing ECT thought preferably the aspect of safety and potent effects of ECT. Psychiatrists who prefer psychotherapy were more likely to concern about adverse effect of ECT, but there were no differences in other aspects when compared with others. Most psychiatrists participated in this survey had positive attitudes about application of ECT to geriatric patients, but negative at child&adolescent patients. CONCLUSION: Authors recognized that many Korean psychiatrists agreed with performing ECT, and expected good results, but in reality, it is difficult to expect for them to perform ECT. Several factors may be associated for that: the changes in trend of psychiatric treatment, production of novel psychotropic drugs, researches trends which pharmacotherapy is prevailing in the fields of psychiatry, and problems of education, that is, lack of standard educational curriculums and systemic training course at residency for ECT.
Advisory Committees ; Curriculum ; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Electroconvulsive Therapy* ; Electronic Mail ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Internet ; Internship and Residency ; Korea ; Prejudice ; Psychiatry* ; Psychotherapy ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schizophrenia ; Suicidal Ideation

The synovium is lined by a layer of intimal cells which have been classified on ultrastructural criteria into type A and B synoviocytes. The functionally important lining cells of the synovium(type A and B synoviocytes) are the subjects of many study but have presented problems with their characterization and microscopical identification. Synovial sarcoma is a distinct and generally recognized soft tissue tumor that its origin still raises controversy. In this study, 12 cases of nonspecifically proliferative and resting human synoviocytes have been obtained from the synovium of knee and hip joints, and 3 cases of synovial sarcoma which have arisen in the left thigh, left buttock and right inguinal region were examined with light microscopy, immunohistochemical observation, and electron microscopy. In light microscopic level, it was difficult to differentiate the type A synoviocytes from type B synoviocytes morphologically. The reactive type B synoviocytes were positive for the protein of cytoskeleton such as pancytokeratin, CK1, CK8, CEA, and vimentin. The resting type B synoviocytes showed positive reactions for pancytokeratin, CK1, and CK8. The markers for the monocytes/histiocytes(CD15, CD68, lysozyme, Al-AT, Al-ACT) were reactive in resting and reactive type A synoviocytes. Also, MHC class II antigen was reactive in type A synoviocytes. Three cases of primary synovial sarcoma were 2 fibrous monophasic and 1 biphasic. Spindle-shaped cell in fibrous monophasic synovial sarcoma showed reactivity for CK7 and pancytokeratin, and epithelial cells (lining the glands) in biphasic synovial sarcoma were reactive for CK 7, pancytokeratin, EMA, and focally CEA, but only spindle cells reactive for vimentin, By electron microscopy, fibrous monophasic synovial sarcoma showed pseudogland formation with intercellular junctions of paired subplasmalemmal density and discontinuous basal lamina. These results suggest that the reactive type B synoviocytes and synovial sarcoma show an aberrant expression of the vimentin and CEA. The expression of CK on the resting and reactive type B synoviocytes and fibrous monophasic and biphasic synovial sarcomas are different. Type A synoviocytes expressing the MHC class II molecule and monocyte/histiocyte markers suggest a member of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The reasons of the aberrant expression of the intermediate filament, vimentin and oncofetal antigen, and CEA in reactively proliferative type B synoviocytes and synovial sarcoma and the different expression of cytokeratin on the resting, reactive type B synoviocyte and synovial sarcoma should be further evaluated.
Basement Membrane ; Buttocks ; Cytoskeleton ; Epithelial Cells ; Hip Joint ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Junctions ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratins ; Knee ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muramidase ; Sarcoma, Synovial* ; Synovial Membrane ; Thigh ; Vimentin

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The myocardial protective effect of ischemic preconditioning is well known. However, the mechanism is remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of adenosine, protein kinase C, KATP channel and the change of monophasic action potential duration on cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in cat. Materials AND METHODS: In this experiment, 66 cats were allocated into 7 groups:control (n=10), ischemic preconditioning (n=10), adenosine pre-treated (n=10), SPT (8-p-sulfophenyl theophylline) pre-treated (n=9), polymyxin B pre-treated (n=9), glibenclamide pre-treated (n=9) and nicorandil pre-treated (n=9) groups. Ischemic preconditioning was performed in ischemic preconditioning, SPT pre-treated, polymyxin B pre-treated and glibenclamide pre-treated groups by 3 episodes of 5 minutes ischemia and 10 minutes reperfusion. All animals were subjected to 40 minutes of ischemia and 40 minutes reperfusion. Monophasic action potential duration at 50% repolarization (MAP50) was measured in the ischemic and non-ischemic area respectively by epicardial probe throughout the experiment. The effect of ischemic preconditioning was determined by infarct size (% area at risk). RESULTS: Ischemic preconditioning, adenosine pre-treatment and nicorandil pre-treatment groups demonstrated a significant reduction in infarct size (26+/-4%, 25+/-4% and 34+/-8% infarction of the risk zone, respectively, p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05 vs. control) with respect to control (41+/-8% infarction of the risk zone). However, pretreatment with SPT, polymyxin B or glibenclamide abolished the effect of ischemic preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning group exhibited a significant reduction of MAP50 duration in the ischemic area during preconditioning;at the first preconditioning 128+/-11 msec vs. 144+/-10 msec control, at the second preconditioning 110+/-10 msec vs.147+/-10 msec control (p<0.01), at the third preconditioning 114+/-10 msec vs. 145+/-11 msec control (p<0.05). But, pretreatment with SPT, polymyxin B and glibenclamide prevented the reduction of MAP50 in the ischemic area during ischemic preconditioning. During 40 minutes ischemia, the shortening of MAP50 was more pronounced in the preconditioned group than in control group;at 5 minutes 112+/-13 msec vs. 124+/-10 msec control, at 10 minutes 89+/-12 msec vs. 133+/-11 msec control (p<0.05 ), at 20 minutes 93+/-12 msec vs. 136+/-11 msec control (p<0.05), and at 30 minutes 107+/-19 msec vs. 144+/-14 msec control (p<0.05). In adenosine pre-treated group, the MAP50 was significantly shortened than control group throughout 40 minutes occlusion period;at 5 minutes 90+/-8 msec (p<0.05), at 10 minutes 77+/-9 msec (p<0.05), at 20 minutes 92+/-8 msec (p<0.05), and at 30 minutes 103+/-8 msec (p<0.05). Nicorandil pretreatment pronounced the ischemic shortening of MAP50 in ischemic area and the effect was significant during early ischemic period;at 10 minutes 98+/-22 msec (p<0.05 vs. control). In pretreatment groups with SPT, polymyxin B or glibenclamide, the ischemic preconditioning of MAP50 measured in non-ischemic area was not significantly different compared with control group. MAP50 measured in ischemic area during reperfusion was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, adenosine receptor-protein kinase C-KATP channel activation and monophasic action potential duration shortening during ischemia play an important role in myocardial protection during ischemic injury.
Action Potentials* ; Adenosine* ; Animals ; Cats* ; Glyburide ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning* ; Nicorandil ; Phosphotransferases ; Polymyxin B ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Receptors, Purinergic P1* ; Reperfusion

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Renal Dialysis