Child ; Cystitis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Male

Objective To compare the efficacy of arthroscopic synovectomy between early and middle stage rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A total of 34 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (42 knee joints) either in early stage (22 cases, 24 joints) or in meddle stage (12 cases, 18 joints) underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. The bipolar radiofrequency was used for the synovial debridement and hemostasis in 32 knee joints. Postoperatively, routine anti-rheumatoid drugs were administrated. Follow-up observations in the two groups included the evaluation of knee function, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the C-reaction protein (CRP), and the rheumatoid factor (RF). Results The rate of excellent or good results was 91.7% in early stage (22/24) and 66.7% in middle stage (12/18), without statistical significance between the two groups ( ? 2=2.705, P =0.100). Conclusions Arthroscopic synovectomy is effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in both early and middle stage. Bipolar radiofrequency is helpful for the complete elimination of the synovium, the prevention of joint hematoma, and the rehabilitation of joint function.

Objective To explore a new approach giving soft tissue balance in valgus knee during total knee arthroplasty. Methods A modified lateral parapatellar approach with function of spontaneous release of lateral retinaculum was designed and used for valgus knee during total knee arthroplasty, by which knee joint was exposed with incision between the superficial and deep retinaculum layer together with lateral eversion of fat pad. After release of the constrained structures of the knee at lateral side such as lateral retinaculum, iliotibial band,lateral posterior capsule or lateral collateral ligament the prosthesis was implanted; the superficial and deep retinaculum layers were sutured back in proper tension position in order to maintain a normal patella femoral relationship and then the deep layer was closed. Within 2 weeks after operation CPM was instituted and ambulation was allowed with crutches 2 weeks after operation. Results All of 11 cases so treated healed up without skin problem. The valgus deformities were mostly corrected with a rate of 85.3% from average 10.2 degrees valgus preoperatively to average 1.5 degrees varus postoperatively. Two months postoperation the average range of motion reached 105 degrees and the knees were stable in level walking. Nine of 11 cases were able to go up and down stairs. Conclusion Modified lateral parapatellar approach was suitable for total knee arthroplasty with severe valgus deformity. [

Objective To study the early effect of arthroscopic bipolar radiofrequency technique in the treatment of patellofemoral malalignment. Methods 42 patients(47 knees) who were confirmed to be patellofemoral malalignment by radiographic methods, underwent arthroscopic bipolar radiofrequency chondroplasty and lateral retinacular release. The cartilage abnormality were classified according to the Outerbridge grade. 34 cases(37 knees) were followed up and mean period was 18.3 months. Patients were assessed before and after surgery using the Kujala patellofemoral score. Patellofemoral alignment were evaluated through MRI in 23 of 37 knees. The change of Cac (congruence angle of cartilage), Tac(tilt angle of cartilage), LPDc (lateral patellofemoral distance of cartilage) and LPFac(lateral patellofemoral angle of cartilage) were measured. Results The patellofemoral joint score was improved significantly in OuterbridgeⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ grade patients(6 knees ofⅠgrade: 60.83?3.54 preoperatively and 82.50?9.22 postoperatively, P0.05). The score of all these 37 knees was improved from 55.86?9.39 preoperatively to 69.41?14.89 postoperatively(P

In the present work, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to study the characteristics of the dose distribution of high energy electron beam in the presence of uniform transverse magnetic field. The simulations carried out the transport processes of the 30 MeV electron beam in the homogeneous water phantom with different magnetic field. It was found that the dose distribution of the 30 MeV electron beam had changed significantly because of the magnetic field. The result showed that the range of the electron beam was decreased obviously and it formed a very high dose peak at the end of the range, and the ratio of maximum dose to the dose of the surface was greatly increased. The results of this study demonstrated that we could change the depth dose distribution of electron beam which is analogous to the heavy ion by modulating the energy of the electron and magnetic field. It means that using magnetic fields in conjunction with electron radiation therapy has great application prospect, but it also has brought new challenges for the research of dose algorithm.
Algorithms ; Electrons ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Dosage

BACKGROUND:Carrier material provides an essential part of microenvironment for seed cell culture. There are some investigations analyzing the long-term in vitro culture of cartilaginous cell in calcium alginate gel matrix.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the activity, morphology and microstructure of cultured in vitro bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) immobilized in calcium alginate beads.DESIGN: Single sample studySETTING: It was conducted at the Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Orthopaedic Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University from September 2001 to March 2002. Eight New Zealand white rabbits, with an age ranging from 4 to 6weeks, were used for collecting BMSCs.METHODS: Eight rabbit were anaesthetized and 1.0-2.0 mL bone marrow was aspirated from the humerus of femur using a 16-gange biopsy needle pretreated with heparin for primary and passage culture of BMSCs.Sodium alginate solution was prepared. The sodium alginate-BMSCs composite formed calcium alginate beads, with a cell density of 1×109 L-1 and tology characteristics of BMSCs were examined using toluidine blue staintron microscope (TEM).scope, many aggregate cells with round shape, in all sizes, occasionally characteristics of BMSCs: Cells and matrix materials were well-mixed, with no materials stained. The cells were equably stained, in all sizes, with large nuclei and little plasma, and occasionally having two or more nuclei and cell division. These cells had an intact structure, well-defined border, and tures of BMSCs: The cells had normal structures, with no mitochondrion swelled and no degranulation in ribosomes. They had a continuous nuclear membrane, with babyhood morphology, round shapes,oval shapes or irregular shapes, and occasionally having two nuclei.CONCLUSION: BMSCs-calcium alginate beads exhibit advantages including a good hydrophilicity, easiness for nutritive matter to penetrate and proliferating actively. It is feasible to amplify BMSCs through in vitro cullage repair by tissue engineering (TE) method.

BACKGROUND: Seed cells and supporting materials are two key problems for cartilaginous tissue engineering. Enough functional cells in supporting materials is the foundation in the formation of bone and cartilaginous tissue in vivo.OBJECTIVE:To perform a morphological study on the tissue engineered bone and cartilage constructed with calcium alginate, in vitro cultured bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) and growth factors.DESIGN:Morphological comparative study with the results observed for 12 weeksSETTING:Orthopaedic Institute of Zhengzhou University and Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University.MATERIALS:This experiment was completed from September 2001 to June 2002 in the Orthopedic Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Medical University. Nine New Zealand male rabbits at the age of 3 months were selected, their mean body mass was 3.2 kg.METHODS: Rabbits received dorsal subcutaneous injection of five kinds of the following combinations at two points for each combination and in the Ⅰ+TGF-β. Totally ten points were marked. Three rabbits were put to death at the 4th, 8th, 12th weeks after injection respectively and dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues were collected for observation by using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), toluidine blue, Masson, tomato red-O staining techniques.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological observation of dorsal subcutaneous hyperplasia tissues.RESULTS: At the fourth week, cartilaginous like tissues island could be observed in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ group, calcium alginate+BMSCs +TGF-β group and calcium alginate + BMSCs + IGF-Ⅰ +TGF-βgroup, with chondrocblasts surrounded by alkaline matrix; A great deal of cartilaginous-like tissue appeared at the eighth week with part of it transforming into bone, and cells secrete much matrix, part of the chondroblast clustered. At the 12th week, approximately all of the cartilaginous tissues turned into bone in calcium alginate+ BMSCs + IGF- Ⅰ +TGF-β group, and began to absorb.CONCLUSION: The compound composed of calcium alginate, BMSCs and growth factor might form bone and cartilaginous tissue. Calcium alginate is suitable for the growth of BMSCs and is believed to be an optimal bone and cartilaginous engineering carrier.

Objective To explore economic valuation of the minimally invasive esophagectomy.Methods The cases undergone esophagectomy were studied retrospectively.Monofactorial analysis was done to evaluate the impact of various factors on the overall hospitalization costs.The correlated factors then were used as independent variables to carry out the multiple linear regression aimed at the hospitalization costs.Results The results of monofactorial analysis showed that the accompanying diseases,days during hospitalization,modes of esophagectomy,postoperative complications were correlated factors of the overall hospitalization costs.According to the multiple linear regression,it were sorted based on descending order duing to its effect of largenning the hospitalization costs:postoperative complications (β =0.439,P =0.000),days during hospitalization (β =0.397,P =0.000),accompanying diseases(β =0.257,P =0.000),modes of esophagectomy(β =0.132,P =0.000).The expenses caused immediately by the operations were statistically more of the minimally invasive surgery than that of the open procedures whatever the numerous or proportion of the overall costs (P =0.000).Conclusion Combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy was more expensive than open operation.Nevertheless,impact of the other factors,such as postoperative complications,were more significant than that of the different procedure.h was a strategy to minimally invasive osophagectomy that hospitalization costs could be reduced by means of controlling complications and diminishing hospitalization days.

Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Methods Seventy-two adult,male,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control (CON) group,a hyperbaric air (HBA) group,a normobaric oxygen (NBO) group and a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) group.All were subjected to MCAO.Rats in the CON group did not receive any treatment; those in the other groups were treated with HBA,NBO or HBO daily beginning 2 hours after the operation.Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of nestin,MAP2 and GFAP at 2,3,7 and 14 days after the MCAO.Results The expression of nestin in the HBO group was significantly higher than in the other groups on the 3rd,7th and 14th days.It peaked at day 3 but remained high until day 14.Similarly,expression of MAP2 was significantly higher than in the other groups at least until day 14.GFAP expression was significantly lower than in the other groups.Conclusion HBO can increase neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation,and inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes.