Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Translational Medical Research

Molecular Epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics

Abundant experiences have already been accumulated in treatment of stroke with acupuncture. Development of rehabilitation theory also brings unprecedented opportunity and challenge to acupuncture. Combined with the modern rehabilitation theory and practice, it is very helpful to deepen the understanding on treatment of acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy and enhance the therapeutic effect in clinic by studying the mechanism of acupuncture treatment, opportunity of intervention, selection of acupoints, needling manipulations and quantity of stimulations etc. Through analysis on the necessity and the way of combination of acupuncture and modern rehabilitation, it is concluded that rehabilitation evaluation, rehabilitation phases and obstacle analysis should be taken as references by acupuncturists to reinforce the therapeutic effect and creditability of acupuncture treatment on cerebral apoplexy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Hemiplegia ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Stroke ; therapy ; Stroke Rehabilitation

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; methods ; Vimentin ; metabolism

·Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are common outer retinal degenerative problems, which are also the predominant causes of most blinding retinal diseases. Retinal prosthesis is a promising solution for such photoreceptor degeneration diseases.Most of current concepts for a retinal prosthesis are based on neuronal electrical stimulation. In the past twenty years, retinal prosthesis has been developed in two different directions: epiretinal prosthesis and subretinal prosthesis. Each prosthesis technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For epiretinal prosthesis, it is easier to be implanted and has the advantage of keeping most of the electronics in the vitreous cavity, off the retinal surface, which greatly helps in dissipating the heat generated by the implant device. In this paper, a brief overview of retinal prostheses concepts is introduced. After that, several important aspects of epiretinal electrical stimulation will be discussed. Moreover, some practical epiretinal prosthesis devices developed by researchers in United States, Germany and Japan in the past have been reviewed. We hope that the devices will be used widely in the near future.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare paeonol-HP-β-cyclodextrin (PAE-HP-β-CD) inclusion compound and to optimize its pre-scription technology. METHODS:PAE-HP-β-CD was prepared by freeze drying method and validated. Using inclusion rate as in-dex,main drug-accessory ratio,inclusion time,inclusion temperature and stirring speed as factors,the preparation technology was optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology. RESULTS:Prepared PAE-HP-β-CD underwent phase transfor-mation. The optimal inclusion technology was as follows as main drug-accessory ratio of 3.39∶1,inclusion temperature of 50 ℃, inclusion time of 3.2 h, stirring speed of 350 r/min. Relative error between measured value (87.46%) and predicted value (89.12%) of inclusion rate was 1.86%(n=6). CONCLUSIONS:PAE-HP-β-CD inclusion compound is prepared successfully, and its prescription technology is stable and feasible.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation has been applied in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture,and has achieved satisfactory clinical efficacy.Injectable calcium sulfate holds good biocompatibility,degradability and fast curing.OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement for single-level thoracolumbar fracture.METHODS:Clinical data of 40 patients with single-level thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury were analyzed retrospectively.All fractured vertebrae were compressed more than 30％ and at least one pedicle was complete.All patients were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement.The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were recorded at baseline,3 months postoperatively and last follow-up;the height of the fractured vertebra body and sagittal Cobb angle were measured on X-ray;the patient's satisfaction and healing rate were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The Oswestry Disability Index at 3 months postoperatively and last follow-up was 16.3％ and 4.4％,respectively.Compared with baseline,the Cobb angle and Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly reduced,and height of the fractured vertebra body was significantly increased after surgery (P ＜ 0.01).(3) The healing rate at last follow-up was 95％,nonunion was not found,and the patients' satisfaction reached 95％.(4) The loss of vertebral height and Cobb angle was found at last follow-up compared with 3 months postoperatively,but had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).(5) These results indicate that percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate cement is safe and reliable for single-level thoraclumbar fracture,which not only restores the vertebral height and relieves pain,but also has satisfactory long-term curative efficacy and high healing rate.

Objective To study the clinicopathologieal features and expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in epithelial ovarian tumors,and to investigate the correlation between pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and epithelial borderline tumors.Methods Fifty four cases of ovarian borderline tumors and 45 cases of ovarian carcinomas from the People's Hospital,Peking University were reviewed retrospectively.The clinical data and pathological findings were analyzed.Immunohistochemical study of cyclin D1 and p53 was performed in all 99 cases.Results(1)In borderline tumors,the age of patients ranged from 14-82 (mean age=42.5)years.International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage of borderline tumors was stage Ⅰ in 48 cases,stage Ⅱ in 3 cases,and stage Ⅲ in 3 cases.In ovarian carcinomas,the age of patients ranged from 26-80(mean age=53.5)years.FIGO stage of carcinoma was stage Ⅰ in 6 cases, stage Ⅱ in 8 cases,stage Ⅲ in 26 cases,and stage Ⅳ in 5 cases.In follow-up of 54 cases with borderline tumors the 5-year survival rate was 98% and of 45 cases with carcinomas a 5-year survival rate of 51% was noted.(2)In 54 cases of borderline tumors,mucinous types accounted for 56%(30/54)and serous types accounted for 30%(16/54).There were 5 cases with micropapillary pattern,3 cases with peritoneal implants,3 cases with lymph node involvement,6 cases with microinvasion,one case with intraepithelial carcinoma,and one case with mural nodules.In 45 cases of carcinomas,serous carcinoma was the most (49%,22/45).The remainder included 3 cases of mucinous types,8 cases of endometrioid types,6 cases of transitional cell types,3 cases of mixed phenotype and 3 cases of undifferentiated types.(3) Overexpression of cyclin D1 and p53 was observed in 31%(14/45)and 56%(25/45)of ovarian carcinomas, respectively.There was a significant association between p53 overexpression and tumor grade.In the borderline tumor group,69%(37/54)had overexpression of cyelin D1 and 6%(3/54)had overexpression of p53.There were significant differences in expression of cyclin D1 and p53 between conventional serous borderline tumors and high-grade serous carcinomas(cyclin D1:91% vs 26%;p53:0 vs 58%).However, micropapillary serous borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinomas showed remarkably similar expression of cyelin D1 and p53.Conclusions Epithelial ovarian borderline tumors are distinct from ovarian cancer in clinical progress and prognosis,and histological types.Overexpression of cyclin D1 is common in ovarian borderline tumors and low grade carcinomas.And overexpression of p53 is more common in high grade ovarian carcinomas.Conventional serous borderline tumors are distinct from high-grade serous carcinomas in pathogenesis.Micropapillary serous borderline ovarian tumors may be closely related to low grade serous carcinomas.

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the clinical significance of (18)F-FDG single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

METHODSFrom July 2005 to July 2007, 71 patients with suspected lung cancer received conventional CT and SPECT-CT examination. Fifty-seven of the 71 patients had definite pathological or cytological diagnosis, consisting of 52 malignant lung tumors and 5 benign pulmonary nodules. Forty-three patients underwent surgical resection with different modes. Thirty-seven of the 43 surgically treated patients had available complete data of CT, SPECT-CT and pathological results.

RESULTSTaking the pathological diagnosis as gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosing pulmonary lesions suspected as lung cancer were 84.6% (44/52), 80.0% (4/5), 84.2% (48/57) for conventional CT and 92.3% (48/52), 80.0% (4/5), 91.2% (52/57) for SPECT-CT, respectively. If taking the pathological TNM staging results as gold standard, the concordance rates of TNM staging with pathological TNM staging results was 59.5% (22/37) for CT and 67.6% (25/37) for SPECT-CT. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of staging hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were 76.9%, 79.2%, 78.4%, 66.6%, 86.4% for conventional CT versus 61.5%, 75.0%, 70.3%, 57.1%, 78.3% for SPECT-CT (P > 0.05), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between conventional CT and SPECT-CT in the accuracy of diagnosing and staging for the suspected pulmonary lesions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPECT-CT is likely superior to conventional CT in the diagnosing and staging for lung cancer. It can be used as a non-invasive supplementary tool for differential diagnosis between malignant and benign pulmonary lesions and in diagnosis of lymph node > 1 cm in diameter.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed