BACKGROUND/AIMS: In capsule endoscopy (CE), the capsule does not always reach the cecum within its battery life, which may reduce its diagnostic yield. We evaluated the effect of mosapride citrate, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 agonist that increases gastrointestinal motility, on CE completion. METHODS: In a retrospective study, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses for 232 CE procedures performed at our hospital. To identify factors that affect CE completion, the following data were systematically collected: gender, age, gastric transit time (GTT), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration, previous abdominal surgery, hospitalization, use of a polyethylene glycol solution, use of mosapride citrate (10 mg), body mass index (BMI), and total recording time. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that oral mosapride citrate, GTT, and BMI were associated with improved CE completion. Multivariate analyses showed that oral mosapride citrate (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 3.91) and GTT (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.87) were significant factors for improving the CE completion. Oral mosapride citrate significantly shortened the GTT and small bowel transit time (SBTT). CONCLUSIONS: Oral mosapride citrate reduced the GTT and SBTT during CE and improved the CE completion rate.
Administration, Oral ; Benzamides ; Body Mass Index ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Cecum ; Citric Acid ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hospitalization ; Morpholines ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Retrospective Studies

This study proposed a rapid method to quantify the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant roots. The method involved the use of an image analysis software (WinRHIZO Pro). The colonization rate is defined as the ratio of the fungal body to the plant root area in a micrograph. Three seedlings of Chengiopanax sciadophylloides, a woody species that accumulates radiocesium, were collected from a secondary forest in the Yamakiya district of Kawamata, Fukushima Prefecture during May–September 2014. The colonization of AMF structures was examined under a light microscope, and the percentage of colonization was determined using the WinRHIZO method. The superiority of the new method was verified by comparing with a modified grid-line intersect method. The colonization of AMF was confirmed in all the seedlings, and a significant coefficient of determination (R² = 0.94) was found with both the methods. The results suggested that the WinRHIZO method is reliable for estimating the colonization of AMF in C. sciadophylloides.
Colon* ; Forests ; Fungi* ; Methods* ; Microscopy ; Plant Roots ; Seedlings

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A flexible spectral imaging color enhancement system was installed in new capsule software for video capsule endoscopy. Contrast image capsule endoscopy (CICE) is a novel technology using light-emitting diodes selected for the main absorption range of hemoglobin. We assessed the feasibility and diagnostic effi cacy for small bowel surveillance in patients with polyposis syndromes. METHODS: Six patients with polyposis syndromes, four with familial adenomatous polyposis and one each with Cowden syndrome (CS) and Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) were examined using CICE. We conducted three evaluations to assess the effect on the numbers of the detected polyps; compare polyp diagnostic rates between adenoma and hamartoma; and assess polyp visibility. RESULTS: The numbers of detected polyps and diagnostic accuracy did not differ signifi cantly between pre-contrast and contrast images. However, 50% of the adenomatous polyps displayed enhanced visibility on contrast images. CICE contrast images exhibited clearly demarcated lesions and improved the visibility of minute structures of adenomatous polyps. Hamartomatous polyp micro-structures in patients with CS and CCS were more clearly visualized on contrast than pre-contrast images. CONCLUSIONS: CICE is an effective tool for enhancing the visibility of polyps in patients with polyposis syndrome.
Absorption ; Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Capsule Endoscopes ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Intestinal Polyposis ; Polyps

Methods: The medical records of 151 patients with ASD who underwent correction surgery between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Estimated blood loss and perioperative allogeneic transfusion were examined. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effect of age, sex, blood type, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status, preoperative hemoglobin level, autologous blood donation, global spine alignment parameters, preoperative use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, number of instrumented fusion levels, total operative duration, three-column osteotomy, lateral interbody fusion, pelvic fixation, intraoperative hypothermia, use of gelatin-thrombin based hemostatic agents, and intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) with simultaneous exposure by two attending surgeons. Results: The estimated blood loss was 994.2±754.5 mL, and 71 patients (47.0%) received allogeneic blood transfusion. In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of intraoperative TXA use and simultaneous exposure (odds ratio [OR], 26.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–90.9; p<0.001), lack of autologous blood donation (OR, 21.2; 95% CI, 4.4–100.0; p<0.001), and prolonged operative duration (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; p<0.001) were significant independent factors for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery. Conclusions Autologous blood storage, intraoperative TXA administration, and simultaneous exposure should be considered to minimize perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery, particularly in patients with anticipated lengthy surgeries.

Methods: The medical records of 151 patients with ASD who underwent correction surgery between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Estimated blood loss and perioperative allogeneic transfusion were examined. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effect of age, sex, blood type, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status, preoperative hemoglobin level, autologous blood donation, global spine alignment parameters, preoperative use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, number of instrumented fusion levels, total operative duration, three-column osteotomy, lateral interbody fusion, pelvic fixation, intraoperative hypothermia, use of gelatin-thrombin based hemostatic agents, and intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) with simultaneous exposure by two attending surgeons. Results: The estimated blood loss was 994.2±754.5 mL, and 71 patients (47.0%) received allogeneic blood transfusion. In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of intraoperative TXA use and simultaneous exposure (odds ratio [OR], 26.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–90.9; p<0.001), lack of autologous blood donation (OR, 21.2; 95% CI, 4.4–100.0; p<0.001), and prolonged operative duration (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; p<0.001) were significant independent factors for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery. Conclusions Autologous blood storage, intraoperative TXA administration, and simultaneous exposure should be considered to minimize perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery, particularly in patients with anticipated lengthy surgeries.

Methods: The medical records of 151 patients with ASD who underwent correction surgery between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Estimated blood loss and perioperative allogeneic transfusion were examined. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effect of age, sex, blood type, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status, preoperative hemoglobin level, autologous blood donation, global spine alignment parameters, preoperative use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, number of instrumented fusion levels, total operative duration, three-column osteotomy, lateral interbody fusion, pelvic fixation, intraoperative hypothermia, use of gelatin-thrombin based hemostatic agents, and intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) with simultaneous exposure by two attending surgeons. Results: The estimated blood loss was 994.2±754.5 mL, and 71 patients (47.0%) received allogeneic blood transfusion. In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of intraoperative TXA use and simultaneous exposure (odds ratio [OR], 26.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–90.9; p<0.001), lack of autologous blood donation (OR, 21.2; 95% CI, 4.4–100.0; p<0.001), and prolonged operative duration (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; p<0.001) were significant independent factors for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery. Conclusions Autologous blood storage, intraoperative TXA administration, and simultaneous exposure should be considered to minimize perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery, particularly in patients with anticipated lengthy surgeries.

Methods: The medical records of 151 patients with ASD who underwent correction surgery between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Estimated blood loss and perioperative allogeneic transfusion were examined. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether they received perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the effect of age, sex, blood type, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status, preoperative hemoglobin level, autologous blood donation, global spine alignment parameters, preoperative use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, number of instrumented fusion levels, total operative duration, three-column osteotomy, lateral interbody fusion, pelvic fixation, intraoperative hypothermia, use of gelatin-thrombin based hemostatic agents, and intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA) with simultaneous exposure by two attending surgeons. Results: The estimated blood loss was 994.2±754.5 mL, and 71 patients (47.0%) received allogeneic blood transfusion. In the logistic regression analysis, the absence of intraoperative TXA use and simultaneous exposure (odds ratio [OR], 26.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–90.9; p<0.001), lack of autologous blood donation (OR, 21.2; 95% CI, 4.4–100.0; p<0.001), and prolonged operative duration (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9; p<0.001) were significant independent factors for perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery. Conclusions Autologous blood storage, intraoperative TXA administration, and simultaneous exposure should be considered to minimize perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in ASD surgery, particularly in patients with anticipated lengthy surgeries.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the number of days that hospital visits were postponed and changes in clinical parameters due to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), after the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in April 2020. Methods: Regarding the status of postponement of appointments, we analyzed the patients who had visited the Nihon University Hospital at Matsudo for more than 1 year for supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and classified them into low-, moderate- and high-risk subgroups according to the periodontal risk assessment (PRA). Clinical parameters for periodontal disease such as probing depth (PD), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) were analyzed in 2 periods, from October 2019 to March 2020 and after April 2020.Correlation coefficients between days of deferral and the degree of changes in clinical parameters were calculated. Results: The mean age of the 749 patients was 67.56±10.85 years, and 63.82% were female.Out of 749 patients, 33.24% deferred their SPT appointments after April 2020. The average total of postponement days was 109.49±88.84. The number of postponement days was positively correlated with changes in average PD (rs=0.474) and PESA (rs=0.443) in the high-risk subgroup of FMBS, and average PD (rs=0.293) and PESA (rs=0.253) in the highrisk subgroup of tooth number (TN). Patients belonging to the high-risk subgroups for both FMBS and TN had a positive correlation between postponement days and PISA (rs=0.56). Conclusions The findings, the spread of COVID-19 appears to have extended the visit interval for some SPT patients. Moreover, longer visit intervals were correlated with the worsening of some clinical parameters for SPT patients with high PRA.