Purpose: We examined corneal thickness, particularly morphological changes in the limbus, as the intraocular pressure increased in patients with congenital glaucoma. Methods: We retrospectively studied 31 children (47 eyes) with congenital glaucoma and 12 controls (12 eyes). We used anterior segment tomography to measure corneal thicknesses at the center, the midpoint of the 2-5 mm pericentral zone, the corneo-limbal junction, and the scleral spurs on the nasal and temporal sides. The peripheral central corneal thickness ratios were calculated and analyzed using a generalized estimation equation. Results: The cornea was significantly thinner in the glaucoma than in the control group. The difference was more prominent in the periphery than the center. Associated with such peripheral thinning, the corneal thickness ratios at the corneal-limbal junction and the center differed significantly between the two groups. Conclusions In congenital glaucoma patients, the cornea is generally thinner than that of the controls, particularly at the corneo-limbal junction, suggesting that the limbus is biomechanically susceptible to deformation by intraocular pressure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intrusion in primary dentition and to evaluate factors influencing complications of primary and permanent dentition during long-term follow-up period.61 patients (84 teeth) were selected in this study. Medical records of 61 patients were reviewed and age, gender, cause of injury, site of injury, severity of traumatic injury, other injuries associated with trauma, treatment method, and complications of primary and permanent dentition were examined. Collected data were statistically evaluated using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.Intrusion in primary anterior teeth was predominant in boys over girls and fall was the most common cause of trauma. It was most common at home and occurred most in the primary maxillary central incisors. Severity had an effect on the incidence of sequelae in permanent successors (p = 0.014). The incidence of complications was significantly lower in patients with soft tissue injuries than in patients with other periodontal injuries (p = 0.000).
Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incisor ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tooth Abnormalities ; Tooth Injuries ; Tooth ; Tooth, Deciduous

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the association between intakes of potassium, magnesium, and calcium and diet quality in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: This study analyzed data from 285 subjects recruited from February 2011 to August 2014 in Seoul, Korea. Nutrition intakes were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire composed of 111 food items. The subjects were divided into 4 groups by quartiles according to intakes of potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), and DQI-International (DQI-I) were analyzed for assessment of diet quality. RESULTS: We found a positive association of intakes of these three minerals with MAR and DQI-I after adjustment for age, sex, education level, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and total energy intake. However, total moderation of DQI-I score in the Q4 group was significantly lower than that of the Q1 group. The age, sex, education level, and smoking, atrial fibrillation, and total energy intake-adjusted odds ratios of extensive cerebral atherosclerosis were inversely associated with intake of magnesium (Ptrend = 0.0204). However, this association did not exist with intakes of potassium and calcium. CONCLUSION: Potassium, magnesium, and calcium rich and high quality diet could be associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke, in part, via effect on extensive cerebral atherosclerosis.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Calcium ; Diet* ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis* ; Korea ; Magnesium* ; Minerals* ; Nutritive Value ; Odds Ratio ; Potassium ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: We have summarized the experience of our institution related to what treatment has been performed in patients with pancreatic fistula and their outcome.METHODS: Seventy-eight pancreatico-enteric anastomosis failure (PEAF) patients of 403 pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) were included for this retrospective study. PEAF was defined by the presence of rich amylase (over 10,000 IU/L) in drainage fluid at postoperative day 5 to 7 and radiographic demonstration of the anastomotic breakdown and associated local fluid collection. The management was analyzed by observation group (O group), intervention (I group) and surgery group (S group).RESULTS: Preoperative clinical status of the PEAF group and non-PEAF group was similar. Bile duct cancer was the highest risk subgroup of the PEAF (P=0.001) and the pancreatic adenocarcinoma showed the least risk for the PEAF (P<0.001). Among the 78 PEAF patients, 50 were managed as a conservative treatment, 15 patients were received radiologic intervention and 13 patients performed rescue surgery. Among these three subgroups, there was no statistical significance in the patient's demographics, clinical status, surgical factors and disease nature. However, mortality was significantly higher in the S group (P<0.001). The mortality cases were developed one and six patients in O and S group, respectively. Surgical procedures in S group were completion total pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy (n=12) and pancreatectomy preserving spleen in four (28.6%). Pancreaticogastrostomy repair and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction were performed each case, respectively.CONCLUSION: Proper drainage catheter indwelling during the PD or postoperative radiological intervention can effectively manage the PEAF without surgical interventional treatment.
Adenocarcinoma ; Amylases ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Catheters ; Demography ; Drainage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Fistula ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pancreaticojejunostomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Splenectomy

PURPOSE: Abnormalities in hemostasis and coagulation have been suggested in chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, we compared processes of thrombus formation between rats with CRF and those with normal kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CRF was induced by 5/6 ablation/infarction of the kidneys in Sprague-Dawley rats, and surviving rats after 4 weeks were used. Ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced thrombosis in the carotid artery was induced to assess thrombus formation. Whole blood clot formation was evaluated using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Platelet aggregation was assessed with impedance platelet aggregometry. RESULTS: FeCl3-induced thrombus formation was initiated faster in the CRF group than in the control group (13.2±1.1 sec vs. 17.8±1.0 sec, p=0.027). On histological examination, the maximal diameters of thrombi were larger in the CRF group than in the control group (394.2±201.1 µm vs. 114.0±145.1 µm, p=0.039). In extrinsic pathway ROTEM, the CRF group showed faster clot initiation (clotting time, 59.0±7.3 sec vs. 72.8±5.0 sec, p=0.032) and increased clot growth kinetics (α angle, 84.8±0.2° vs. 82.0±0.6°, p=0.008), compared to the control group. Maximal platelet aggregation rate was higher in the CRF group than in the control group (58.2±0.2% vs. 44.6±1.2%, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that thrombogenicity is increased in rats with CRF. An activated extrinsic coagulation pathway may play an important role in increasing thrombogenicity in CRF.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Carotid Arteries ; Electric Impedance ; Hemostasis ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kinetics ; Models, Animal* ; Platelet Aggregation ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombelastography ; Thrombosis