Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of perceived appraisal support between neuroticism and occupational stress in firefighters. Methods: The subjects of this study were 156 firefighters who worked at three fire stations in G province in Korea. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation. Results: There were significant relationships between neuroticism and perceived appraisal support (r=.30, p<.001), neuroticism and occupational stress (r=.42, p<.001), and perceived appraisal support and occupational stress (r=.36, p<.001). Perceived appraisal support showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between neuroticism and occupational stress. Conclusion The impact of neuroticism in firefighters was mediated by perceived appraisal support for occupational stress. This suggests that strategies for enhancing perceived appraisal support in fire fighters should be considered when developing neuroticism management interventions for decreasing their occupational stress.

Cholesterol granuloma (CG) is usually associated with chronic middle ear disease, and is not common in the paranasal sinuses. Additionally, it is very rare for cases of CG to be associated with a fungal infection. However, in this paper, we report a case of sphenoid sinus CG that is associated with aspergilloma in a 78-year-old male patient who presented with right hemifacial pain, headache and toothache. CT revealed the presence of an expansile cystic mass lesion in the sphenoid sinus that showed a high signal intensity on both the T1 and T2 weighted images. This mass was later determined to be CG. The suspected etiologic mechanisms of both CG and aspergilloma of the paranasal sinuses are similar, and impaired drainage and obstruction of the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses are considered to be the causative mechanism of both diseases. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of MRI findings could be helpful for differentiating CG from other paranasal sinus mass lesions.
Aged ; Aspergillosis/*complications ; Granuloma/diagnosis/*etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases/complications/*etiology ; *Sphenoid Sinus ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was to investigate the effects of the body fat % on life styles and self-recognition of health conditions in hotel culinary college students. This survey was conducted using the questionnaires for 144 students (110 males, 34 female) in Hongseung-located college. More exercise time and less frequency of alcoholic beverage they intake, lowered their body fat %. Males did stronger exercise and had lower body fat % than females. The stronger exercise they did, the lower body fat % they had, and were more satisfied with their present weight. Since they had more alcoholic beverage, they smoked more. Less smoking, more abdominal obesity they were. The less satisfaction with their body weights, the higher body fat % they had. The obese less were content with their weights. More recognition of obese shape, higher body fat % they had and abdominal obesity they were. Female had higher body fat % and were more abdominal obesity, did weak action, less smoke and weak exercise than male. Higher body fat % they had, more abdominal obesity they were. The more part time jobs they had, they did not smoke or were not satisfied with their body weights. Female students in culinary arts division had higher body fat % and were dissatisfied with their body weights and did less exercise or subnormal exercises.
Adipose Tissue* ; Alcoholic Beverages ; Body Weight ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of nursing students’ experiences in virtual simulation practice. Methods: The participants were six nursing students who have experience in a virtual simulation. Data were collected from August to September 2019 through a focus group interview. Giorgi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: The study results revealed 3 constituents and 6 sub-constituents that are essential for nursing student’s experiences in a virtual simulation. The three constituents were: “Chaos in the virtual reality”, “The process of adjusting to chaos”, and “Becoming an independent nurse in a safe virtual reality”. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the following suggestions are made. Results suggest the development of virtual simulations in Korean, the use of simulations as a group activity first, and the use of simulation between lecture and practice or in the regular curriculum. The results of the study can be used as primary data for providing virtual simulation in nursing education.

Chylothorax is mostly iatrogenic, with blunt chest trauma being a rare cause. Treatment depends on the volume of drainage. Specifically, conservative treatment, such as total parenteral nutrition and pleural drainage, is performed in cases of low daily output (< 500 mL/day). Patients with persistent chylothorax despite medical treatment or with high daily output (> 1-1.5 L/day) are candidates for surgical or radiological intervention. We present a case of delayed-onset chylothorax after blunt trauma caused by thoracic spine fractures, in which persistent chylothorax was successfully managed with repeated lymphangiography with lipiodol when other treatment modalities failed. The case is peculiar in that the chylothorax occurred 40 days after the initial traumatic event and was treated with lipiodol injection, despite maintaining moderate to high daily output.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine a hypothetical model designed to explain the influence of length of work experience, frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression on post-traumatic stress (PTS) in Korean fire fighters. METHODS: In this study 2,181 fire fighters were surveyed and data collection was conducted from September 7 to September 30, 2009 using an structured questionnaire. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and path analysis. RESULTS: Frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression showed direct effects on PTS for fire fighters, while length of work experience showed an indirect effect on PTS for fire fighters. The variables of this modified model explained 47.9% of the variance in PTS. CONCLUSION: Through this study the hypothetical model adequately explained PTS in fire fighters. Fire fighter's PTS can be decreased by managing long-term work experience, frequency of mobilization, traumatic events, and depression. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to develop a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) program for PTS.
Crisis Intervention ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Firefighters ; Fires ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

OBJECTIVES: Environmental, social and personal factors influence eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unhealthy food outlets within a residential area and obesity using nationally representative Korean survey data and data from the Census on Establishments. METHODS: Data on the food intakes and socioeconomic variables of a total of 9,978 adults aged ≥ 19 years were obtained from the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Geographic locations of restaurants were obtained from the 2013 Census on Establishments in Korea. Administrative area was categorized into tertiles of count of unhealthy food outlets based on the distribution of number of unhealthy food outlets among all urban (Dong) and rural (Eup or Myun) administrative districts in Korea. Multilevel logistic regressions model were used to assess the association between the number of unhealthy food outlets and obesity. RESULTS: People living in the district with the highest count of unhealthy food outlets had higher intakes of fat (45.8 vs. 44.4 g/day), sodium (4,142.6 vs. 3,949.8 mg/day), and vitamin A (753.7 vs. 631.6 µgRE/day) compared to those living in the district with the lowest count of unhealthy food outlets. A higher count of unhealthy food outlets was positively associated with frequent consumption of instant noodles, pizza, hamburgers and sandwiches, sweets and sour pork or pork cutlets, fried chicken, snacks, and cookies. Higher exposure to unhealthy food outlets was associated with increased odds of obesity (1st vs. 3rd tertile; OR 1.689; 95% CI 1.098-2.599). CONCLUSIONS: A high count of unhealthy food outlets within a residential area is positively associated with the prevalence of obesity in Korea. The results suggest that food environmental factors affects the health outcomes and interventions aiming to restrict the availability of unhealthy food outlets in local neighborhoods may be a useful obesity prevention strategy.
Adult ; Censuses* ; Chickens ; Eating ; Geographic Locations ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity* ; Prevalence ; Red Meat ; Residence Characteristics ; Restaurants ; Snacks ; Sodium ; Vitamin A

Objective Multidector computed tomography (MDCT) is now commonly used for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Because MDCT images include many non-cardiac organs and the patient population evaluated is highly susceptible to extracardiac diseases, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of extracardiac findings in the MDCT evaluation of ischemic heart disease. Methods From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of six-hundred twenty patients, who underwent 64-slice MDCT evaluations for chest pain, or dyspnea, were enrolled in this study. Cardiac and non-cardiac findings were comprehensively evaluated by a radiologist. Results Enrolled patients included 306 men (49.4%), with a mean age of 66 years. Significant coronary artery stenosis was found in 41.6%of the patients. A total of 158 extracardiac findings were observed in 110 (17.7%) patients. Commonly involved extracardiac organs were lung (36.7%), hepatobiliary system (21.5%), thyroid (19.6%), kidney (10.8%), spine (9.7%) and breast (0.6%). Of those 110 patients, 50 (45.5%) patients underwent further diagnostic investigations. Malignant disease was detected in three (2.7%) patients (lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and thyroid cancer). Conclusions Extracardiac findings are frequently present and should be a concern in the MDCT evaluation of chest pain syndrome.

A functional ability and adequate nutritional status are the major determinants of health status. Self-rated health (SRH) is a worldwide method to assess health status and it is recognized as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. This study was designed to evaluate the functional ability and nutritional risk according to SRH in the elderly. Four hundred nine free-living elderly people (118 male, 291 female), aged > or = 65 years were interviewed by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires including demographic information, SRH, anthropometric measurements, functional ability, general health status, and nutritional risk. SRH was divided into three status such as "Good", "Moderate" and "Poor" status. And all the data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA , spearman correlation, and x(2) analysis using SPSS 9.0 version at p < 0.05. Of all the subjects, 48.9% perceived their health status as "poor", and their functional abilities (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living) were more impaired than their counterparts' ("good" and "moderate"). Poor self-rated health was also related to: a higher prevalence of illnesses (p < 0.001) especially in hypertension, arthritis. Self-rated health was significantly related to food security (p < 0.001), food enjoyment (p < 0.001),and nutritional knowledge (p = 0.013). Also NSI checklist total score was the highest in "poor" health status (p < 0.001). Better self-rated health was related to better food security, and better food enjoyment. However, smoking, alcoholic intake, exercise, eating behaviors, and demographic characteristics were not significantly different among the three SRH status. SRH was closely related to chronic diseases, functional ability, and nutritional risk in the elderly. Therefore, public health strategies for the elderly should be focused on the elderly who are "poor" in SRH, to improve nutritional status and functional ability, and to reduce risk factors of chronic diseases.
Aged* ; Alcoholics ; Arthritis ; Checklist ; Chronic Disease ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Supply ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Mortality ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Seoul* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a medication management program on oral chemotherapy patients. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group ppretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 60 cancer patients (intervention group: 30, control group: 30). The medication management program was provided for 6 weeks. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Although there were no statistically significant differences, scores of self-efficacy (t=−0.12, p=.902), knowledge (t=0.62, p=.537), medication adherence (t=0.51, p=.610), and staff satisfaction (t=1.44, p=.156) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in self-efficacy, knowledge, symptom experience, medication adherence and staff satisfaction. This can be explained by both groups having already received initial instruction concerning basic care when they started to receive chemotherapy. Considering the positive outcome of the medication management program, a specialist nursing effort is needed to improve symptoms and medication adherence. Furthermore, a medication counseling hotline is needed to support the medical staff.
Counseling ; Drug Therapy* ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Medication Adherence ; Medication Therapy Management ; Mouth ; Nursing ; Specialization