Purpose: This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to examine the influence of nurses’ moral sensitivity and ethical values on their biomedical ethics awareness. Methods: The study participants included 140 registered nurses working at three hospitals in Jeollabuk-do Province over six months. The data were collected from June 22 to July 3, 2020, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with the IBM SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: As a result of an analysis using stepwise multiple regression, nurses’ biomedical ethics awareness was found to be significantly influenced by ethical values (β=.36, p<.001), moral sensitivity (β=.21, p=.007), and education in biomedical ethics (β=.16, p=.042) (adjusted R2=.21, p<.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that moral sensitivity and ethical values are key factors in hospital nurses’ development of biomedical ethics. Furthermore, the devising and implementing of a practical education program based on practical cases in medical situations to enhance nurses’ biomedical ethics awareness is needed.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle-fossa relationships are bilaterally symmetric in class III malocclusion patients with and without asymmetry and compared to those with normal occlusion. The hypothesis was a difference in condyle-fossa relationships exists in asymmetric patients. METHODS: Group 1 comprised 40 Korean normal occlusion subjects. Groups 2 and 3 comprised patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion, who were grouped according to the presence of mandibular asymmetry: Group 2 included symmetric mandibles, while group 3 included asymmetric mandibles. Pretreatment three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D CBCT) images were obtained. Right- and left-sided TMJ spaces in groups 1 and 2 or deviated and non-deviated sides in group 3 were evaluated, and the axial condylar angle was compared. RESULTS: The TMJ spaces demonstrated no significant bilateral differences in any group. Only group 3 had slightly narrower superior spaces (p < 0.001). The axial condylar angles between group 1 and 2 were not significant. However, group 3 showed a statistically significant bilateral difference (p < 0.001); toward the deviated side, the axial condylar angle was steeper. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the asymmetric group, the TMJ spaces were similar between deviated and non-deviated sides, indicating a bilateral condyle-fossa relationship in patients with asymmetry that may be as symmetrical as that in patients with symmetry. However, the axial condylar angle had bilateral differences only in asymmetric groups. The mean TMJ space value and the bilateral difference may be used for evaluating condyle-fossa relationships with CBCT.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Retrospective Studies* ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is distinct from anxiety disorders in its etiology and clinical symptomatology, and was reclassified into trauma- and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5. This study aimed to find neurophysiological correlates differentiating PTSD from anxiety disorders using resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). METHODS: Thirty-six patients with either PTSD or acute stress disorder and 79 patients with anxiety disorder were included in the analysis. qEEG data of absolute and relative powers and patients’ medication status on the day of qEEG examination were obtained. Electrodes were grouped into frontal, central, and posterior regions to analyze for regional differences. General linear models were utilized to test for group differences in absolute and relative powers while controlling for medications. RESULTS: PTSD patients differed from those with anxiety disorders in overall absolute powers [F(5,327)=2.601, p=0.025]. Specifically, overall absolute delta powers [F(1,331)=4.363, p=0.037], and overall relative gamma powers [F(1,331)=3.965, p=0.047] were increased in PTSD group compared to anxiety disorder group. Post hoc analysis regarding brain regions showed that the increase in absolute delta powers were localized to the posterior region [F(1,107)=4.001, p=0.048]. Additionally, frontal absolute gamma powers [F(1,107)=4.138, p=0.044] were increased in PTSD group compared to anxiety disorder group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests increased overall absolute delta powers and relative gamma powers as potential markers that could differentiate PTSD from anxiety disorders. Moreover, increased frontal absolute gamma and posterior delta powers might pose as novel markers of PTSD, which may reflect its distinct symptomatology.
Anxiety Disorders* ; Anxiety* ; Brain ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* ; Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated peripheral and central metabolites affecting depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and anger in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients. METHODS: Metabolite levels were determined in the right and left thalamus and insula, in 12 CRPS patients using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS: There were positive correlations between valine (Val)/tNAA (N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartylglutamate) and the anxiety, and a negative correlation between glutamine (Gln)/NAA and the depression. There were positive correlations between alanine (Ala)/Gln and the depression and suicidal ideation, between glutamate (Glu)/Gln and the depression and suicidal ideation, between N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG)/Gln and the depression. There was a positive correlation between Ala/NAAG and the trait anger and a negative correlation between creatine (Cr)/N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and the trait anger. There was a negative correlation between Cr/Glx (Glu+Gln) and the trait anger. High hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were associated with low pain levels, but CO2 and chloride showed positive correlations with pain levels in CRPS patients. Peripheral glucose, CO2 and chloride were associated with depression, anxiety, anger and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: The specific central and peripheral metabolites were associated with psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and anger in CRPS patients, showing pathological interactions between a painful body and mind.
Alanine ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anger* ; Anxiety* ; Creatine ; Depression* ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Pilot Projects* ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Thalamus ; Valine

Hypereosinophilia, defined as an absolute eosinophil count of >1,500/μL, can be caused by a number of allergic, infectious, paraneoplastic and neoplastic disorders. In cases of hypereosinophilia with lymphoid proliferation, pathological confirmation is essential to exclude either myeloid or lymphoid malignancy. A 38-year-old woman with both cervical lymphadenopathies and peripheral blood eosinophilia visited our clinic. She had already performed core biopsy of lymph nodes and diagnosed as Kimura disease at a regional hospital. At the time of our clinic visit, there were no palpable cervical lymph nodes. The blood test showed hypereosinophilia with a high total IgE level. There was no evidence of tissue infiltration of eosinophils except for duodenitis with eosinophilic infiltration. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as Kimura disease. She treated with high-dose systemic corticosteroid (1 mg/kg) and additional immunosuppressants sequentially used cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine. However, her eosinophilia waxed and waned, and a left inguinal mass was newly found. Excisional biopsy findings showed large atypical lymphoid cells with numerous eosinophilis, and immunohistochemistry showed CD3+, CD20−, CD30+ and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). The final diagnosis was ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. We report a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma with marked peripheral eosinophilia misdiagnosed as Kimura disease. In the case of hypereosinophilia with lymphadenopathy, it is necessary to differentiate hematologic diseases through immunochemical staining.
Adult ; Ambulatory Care ; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia* ; Biopsy ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine ; Diagnosis ; Duodenitis ; Eosinophilia* ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic* ; Phosphotransferases

Seizure is a temporary symptom or sign which is caused by an abnormal electrical stimulation of brain. Depending on whether a seizure has preceding factors or not, it can be further categorized into provoked and unprovoked seizure. In provoked seizure, it is important to find a cause for treatment. In this study, we would like to report a case of a 6 year-old male child with seizure caused by organophosphate poisoning. The patient's chief complaint was his decreased mental status accompanying seizure. Initially, status epilepticus was suspected but the response to anticonvulsants was not good, and resulted in prolonged respiratory failure. After 3 hours, the patient showed signs of cholinergic crisis. In response, atropine was administered and the condition improved. If respiratory failure or mental confusion persists even after cessation of seizure in status epilepticus, repetitive physical and neurological examinations should be carried out to find preceding factors. Even though the recent incidence of organophosphate poisoning has decreased, we would like to emphasize from our study that it should be considered as a preceding factor for seizure.
Anticonvulsants ; Atropine ; Brain ; Child* ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neurologic Examination ; Organophosphate Poisoning* ; Poisoning ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Seizures* ; Status Epilepticus

The purpose of this study was to develop effective dental hygiene chews for cats based on the anatomical features of the dentition and patterns of chewing motion. All cats were volunteered for dental prophylaxis followed by dental impressions using yellow stone and alginate under general anesthesia. Twenty parameters related to dentition were defined in order to compare dental impressions using digital caliper. For the chewing motion study, patterns of chewing motion were identified based on recordings made with a digital camera. Ten cats (4 domestic shorthairs, 2 Russian blues, 1 American shorthair, 1 Persian, 1 Turkish Angora, and 1 Devon Rex) were recruited for the study. The parameters related to teeth and oral size were similar among the studied cats. Chewing motion can be described as more of a guillotine-like motion rather than a crushing motion, with cats chewing 3–7 times before swallowing. The chewing pattern of cats involves shearing for a short period of time followed by immediate swallowing. Therefore, the overall size of the dental hygiene chew could be determined based on the measurement of the oral size for inducing chewing. The surface details of the dental hygiene chew could be designed for prevention and removal of dental calculus and plaque in cats considering the anatomical teeth parameters. Dental hygiene chews customized for cats considering the different anatomical features of their teeth might be effective for oral care.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Cats ; Deglutition ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Prophylaxis ; Dentition ; Gingiva ; Mastication ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth

Objective: This study aimed to compare the amount of tooth movement after multiple horizontal (MH) and single vertical (SV) micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), and evaluate the histological changes after orthodontic force application in rabbits. Methods: The mandibles of 24 white rabbits were subjected to two experimental interventions: MH and SV MOPs. Defect volume of the MOPs between the two groups was kept similar. A force of 100 cN was applied via a coil spring between the incisor teeth and the first premolars. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Differences in the amount of tooth movement and bone variables at three time points and between the two groups were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The first premolar showed a mesial movement of 1.47 mm in the MH group and 1.84 mm in the SV group, which was significantly different at Week 3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in bone volume and bone fraction between the groups. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase-positive cell count was also significantly greater at Week 3 than at Week 1 in both the SV and MH groups. Conclusions The amount of tooth movement showed significant differences between Weeks 1 and 3 in the SV and MH MOP groups, but showed no differences between the two groups. Therefore, SV MOP could be considered an effective tool for enhancing tooth movement, especially for molar distalization, uprighting, and protraction to an edentulous area.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the amount of tooth movement after multiple horizontal (MH) and single vertical (SV) micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), and evaluate the histological changes after orthodontic force application in rabbits. Methods: The mandibles of 24 white rabbits were subjected to two experimental interventions: MH and SV MOPs. Defect volume of the MOPs between the two groups was kept similar. A force of 100 cN was applied via a coil spring between the incisor teeth and the first premolars. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Differences in the amount of tooth movement and bone variables at three time points and between the two groups were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The first premolar showed a mesial movement of 1.47 mm in the MH group and 1.84 mm in the SV group, which was significantly different at Week 3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in bone volume and bone fraction between the groups. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase-positive cell count was also significantly greater at Week 3 than at Week 1 in both the SV and MH groups. Conclusions The amount of tooth movement showed significant differences between Weeks 1 and 3 in the SV and MH MOP groups, but showed no differences between the two groups. Therefore, SV MOP could be considered an effective tool for enhancing tooth movement, especially for molar distalization, uprighting, and protraction to an edentulous area.

Anosmia, characterized by the loss of smell, is associated not only with dysfunction in the peripheral olfactory system but also with changes in several brain regions involved in olfactory processing. Specifically, the orbitofrontal cortex is recognized for its pivotal role in integrating olfactory information, engaging in bidirectional communication with the primary olfactory regions, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex. However, little is known about alterations in structural connections among these brain regions in patients with anosmia. In this study, highresolution T1-weighted images were obtained from participants. Utilizing the volumes of key brain regions implicated in olfactory function, we employed a structural covariance approach to investigate brain reorganization patterns in patients with anosmia (n=22) compared to healthy individuals (n=30). Our structural covariance analysis demonstrated diminished connectivity between the amygdala and entorhinal cortex, components of the primary olfactory network, in patients with anosmia compared to healthy individuals (z=-2.22, FDR-corrected p=0.039). Conversely, connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex—a major region in the extended olfactory network—and amygdala was found to be enhanced in the anosmia group compared to healthy individuals (z=2.32, FDR-corrected p=0.039). However, the structural connections between the orbitofrontal cortex and entorhinal cortex did not differ significantly between the groups (z=0.04, FDR-corrected p=0.968). These findings suggest a potential structural reorganization, particularly of higher-order cortical regions, possibly as a compensatory effort to interpret the limited olfactory information available in individuals with olfactory loss.