A statistical analysis was made on 124 cases of urinary calculi during the period from Jan. 1968 to Aug. 1971 on the Department of Urology of Capital Military Hospital, and the results were obtained as following; 1. The incidence of urinary: calculi was 2.04% of out-patients. 2. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 30 years in approximately 75.8%. 3. A seasonal occurrence was a most high during summer on 41.6%. 4. The locational distribution of urinary calculi was 59.7% in ureter, 28. 2% in kidney, 8. 1% in bladder, 4.0% in urethra. Approximately 9. 1% of the upper urinary calculi was found bilaterally. 5. The most favored predirection of ureteral stone was lower one-third in 70.2% of all cases. 6. In a number of urinary calculi, 83.9% was single and 16.1% was more than 2. 7. The ureterolithotomy was performed on 40 of 80 cases requiring surgical intervention. Cystoscopic manipulation and conservative treatment were 13. 1% in the each. 8. The results of qualitative analysis of 73 urinary calculi showed calcium phosphate + oxalate in 49.3%, calcium phosphate in 16.4%, calcium oxalate in 15.1%, calcium carbonate in 8.2%, calcium phosphate + uric acid in 4.1%, calcium oxalate + urate in 4.1%, calcium phosphate +ammonium in 2.8%.
Calcium ; Calcium Carbonate ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Outpatients ; Seasons ; Statistics as Topic* ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis* ; Urology

As follow-up of Song's experiments reported previously, this study was undertaken to observe pathologic changes in Imuran-treated renal homografts in dogs. Mongrel dogs weighing 15 to 20 kilograms were used in all experiments. Renal transplants were exchanged between animals. Imuran was administered twice a day per oral with daily doses of 3mg. per kilogram of body weight, and the first dose was given 24 hours before renal transplantation. Transplanted kidney were removed on the postoperative 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th. 20th, and 30th day, and the were examined microscopically with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. As comparing with the results of Song's experiments which were untreated homotransplants, the appearance of characteristic microscopic changes of rejection (progressive destructive changes of vessels with infiltration of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma cell) was temporarily delayed and modified by Imuran administration, but ischemic changes developed imminently in later days.
Allografts* ; Animals ; Azathioprine ; Body Weight ; Dogs ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Plasma

Statistical observation was made on 1,512 out-patients and 71 in-patients in the Department of Urology, Capital Military Hospital during the period from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 1970.
Hospitals, Military* ; Humans ; Military Personnel* ; Outpatients ; Urology*

A case of 28 year-old female having vesico-sigmoido-ileal fistula associated with large bladder stone due to long-standing foreign body was presented with review of literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Fistula* ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder Calculi

Clinical studies on thirteen patients with Behcet's syndrome who had visited during the period from Jan. 1970 to Sep. 1973, to the Department of Dermatology & Ophthahnology, Busan National University Hospital, were made and the following results obtained. 1) The ratio of male vs. female was l. 0: l. 6 with no definite sexual differences. The ages ranged from 17 to 56 years with the peak incidence in third decade of life. 2) The "complete" form consisting of oculo- oro-genital and cutaneous lesions appeared in . 4 patients (30. 8%) and the "incomplet" in 9 patients (69. 2%). 3) Aphthous stomatitis was most predominant, being observed in 12 out of all 13 cases (92.3%), the next was cutaneous manifestations such as erythema nodosum, pyodermas, acneiform & pustular lesions and erythema multiforme in 10 cases (76. 1%) and genital ulcers in 9 cascs (69.2%). Ocular lesions and articular involvements came fourth, each being found in 8 cases (61. 5%). 4) The commonest feature of ocular involvement was relapsing iridocyclitis, being observed in 57. 7% and the disease led to a bilateral loss of vision in 38. 4% 5) Single or combined therapy including corticosteroids and antimicrobials gave transient conservative effects and was of no value to prevent recurrent attacks.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Busan ; Dermatology ; Erythema Multiforme ; Erythema Nodosum ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iridocyclitis ; Male ; Pyoderma ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer

A case of foreign body (a black rubber string of 60cm in length used for masturbation) in the bladder was presented in a 17 years old Korean boy and reported with review of literature.
Adolescent ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Male ; Rubber ; Urinary Bladder*

Intraosseous Neurilemmomas are very rare tumor and most of them are arose in the mandibular bone. A case report is made on the intraosseous neurilemmoma in the distal shaft of tibia which belong very rarely seen in the area of bone. The case was a 23 year old male who had multicystic lesion on the distal shaft of right tibia with marginal this sclerotic change on the radiological examination. The lesion of intraosseous neurilemmoma was confirmed by the microscopic examination after surgical treatment of curettage and bone graft. Also a review of literature on the neurilemmoma was made and reported.
Curettage ; Humans ; Male ; Neurilemmoma ; Tibia ; Transplants

The introduction of endoscopic spine surgery has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of spinal disorders. In particular, biportal endoscopic surgery has gained traction for its wider visual field and improved the maneuverability of instruments, familiar anatomy, and costeffectiveness. In this study, we describe our en bloc removal of the ligamentum flavum using a “butterfly” technique. This approach had several advantages: (1) The flavum serves as a protective barrier for the dura during drilling. (2) There is less epidural bleeding, which provides (3) better visualization. (4) In an inadvertent durotomy, this usually occurs later in the procedure, which is more manageable than the early stages of decompression. Biportal decompression for spinal stenosis can be performed using an en bloc ligamentum flavum removal technique that is safe, reproducible, and efficient. A systematic approach will help early adopters overcome the steep learning curve.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: he patients with atrial septal defect generally have no symptoms in the childhood, and have nonspecific symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, and palpitation even in the late period of adult. Thus delayed diagnosis for whom surgical correction was undoubtedly needed remains to be resolved. Accordingly, the simple and noninvasive method such as electrocardiography in patients with atrial septal defect having the nonspecific symptoms or having no symptoms warrants to be developed. This study was performed to see whether the crochetage pattern on R wave in inferior limb leads is effective for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of atrial septal defect and relates to the magnitude of left to right shunt. METHODS: Our subjects were 129 patients diagnosed as the atrial septal defect by the echocardiography and cardiac catheterization from January 1992 to June 1998. We selected 57 persons, as control group, who showed the normal findings under the echocardiography and also showed the incomplete right bundle branch block on the electrocardiography. We compared the frequency of the crochetage pattern in inferior limb leads between the two groups. Also we compared the frequency of the crochetage pattern before operation and after operation according to the quantity of the left to right shunt in the operated 40 patients with atrial septal defect. RESULTS: ) The crochetage pattern was observed in 61.2% in patients with atrial septal defect and its frequency was greater than that of the control group (38.6%, p=0.005). 2) The crochetage pattern was disappeared by the operation in 16/29 patients (55.2%, p=0.001). 3) The frequency of disappearance of the crochetage pattern after operation differed significantly according to shunt severity: 72.2% for a Qp/Qs> or =3.0 group, 18.2% for a Qp/Qs<3.0 group (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: The crochetage pattern on R wave in inferior limb leads was helpful to the electrocardiographic diagnosis of the atrial septal defect. The disappearance of the crochetage pattern after operation was correlated with shunt severity.
Adult ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography* ; Extremities* ; Fatigue ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation (EA) frequently occurs after general anesthesia in children. This multicenter study was investigated to determine incidence and risk factors of EA after general anesthesia in children. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 816 pediatric patients receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia at 10 university hospitals. Emotional and behavioral status of the patients upon emergence from anesthesia was assessed by Aono's four point scale. Those with an Aono's four point scale of 3 or 4 were considered to be affected by EA. Patient physical, anesthetic, and surgical variables were analyzed to find the risk factors of EA. RESULTS: One-hundred-fifty-two children (18.6%) developed EA. No relationships between the incidence of EA and age, sex, ASA physical status, premedicants, anesthetic induction agents, anesthetic maintenance methods, or postoperative analgesia were found. A multivariate analysis identified preanesthetic emotional status (OR = 1.774, P < 0.001), perioperative airway complication (OR = 1.867, P < 0.007) and rhinolaryngologic surgery (OR = 1.597, P < 0.017) as risk factors of EA. CONCLUSIONS: Preanesthetic emotional status, perioperative airway complication and rhinolaryngologic surgery were risk factors of EA after general anesthesia in children.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Incidence ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors