PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of female sexual subjectivity. METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis process was used to analyze 27 studies from the current literature that relates to female sexual subjectivity. A systematic literature review of women's study in sociology, psychology, theology, law, health science, and nursing was reviewed. RESULTS: The defining attributes of female sexual subjectivity were sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire, and good sexual communication with partner. The antecedents of female sexual subjectivity were social environment, sexual education, sexual experience, and interpersonal relationship. The consequences of female sexual subjectivity were safe sex, prevention of sexual victimization, and sexual satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Female sexual subjectivity is defined as sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire to seek sexual pleasure and safety, and effective communication with partner in terms of sexual behavior, sexual experience and sexual health. Based on these results, a scale measuring female sexual subjectivity is needed.
Crime Victims ; Decision Making ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Orgasm ; Pleasure ; Psychology ; Reproductive Health ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Environment ; Sociology ; Theology ; Walkers*

Clinical reasoning, which is based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, is a core nursing competency that involves analyzing patient-related data and providing appropriate nursing practices. Simulation-based education is effective in improving clinical reasoning competencies and communication skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning in improving the communication skills and clinical reasoning competencies of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a single-group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning. Data were collected from June to September 2020. Thirty-six nursing students in their third and fourth years of study who understood the purpose of this study were selected as participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Winsteps 3.68.2. Results: The communication skills (t = −12.80, p < .001) and clinical reasoning competency (t = −4.67, p < .001) of the undergraduate nursing students who participated in the virtual simulation-based learning program improved significantly after participation. Additionally, a Rasch model analysis revealed that the overall clinical reasoning competency of undergraduate nursing students improved. Conclusion: Virtual simulation-based learning programs for nursing students should be developed and implemented.

Clinical reasoning, which is based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, is a core nursing competency that involves analyzing patient-related data and providing appropriate nursing practices. Simulation-based education is effective in improving clinical reasoning competencies and communication skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning in improving the communication skills and clinical reasoning competencies of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a single-group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning. Data were collected from June to September 2020. Thirty-six nursing students in their third and fourth years of study who understood the purpose of this study were selected as participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Winsteps 3.68.2. Results: The communication skills (t = −12.80, p < .001) and clinical reasoning competency (t = −4.67, p < .001) of the undergraduate nursing students who participated in the virtual simulation-based learning program improved significantly after participation. Additionally, a Rasch model analysis revealed that the overall clinical reasoning competency of undergraduate nursing students improved. Conclusion: Virtual simulation-based learning programs for nursing students should be developed and implemented.

Clinical reasoning, which is based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, is a core nursing competency that involves analyzing patient-related data and providing appropriate nursing practices. Simulation-based education is effective in improving clinical reasoning competencies and communication skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning in improving the communication skills and clinical reasoning competencies of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a single-group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning. Data were collected from June to September 2020. Thirty-six nursing students in their third and fourth years of study who understood the purpose of this study were selected as participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Winsteps 3.68.2. Results: The communication skills (t = −12.80, p < .001) and clinical reasoning competency (t = −4.67, p < .001) of the undergraduate nursing students who participated in the virtual simulation-based learning program improved significantly after participation. Additionally, a Rasch model analysis revealed that the overall clinical reasoning competency of undergraduate nursing students improved. Conclusion: Virtual simulation-based learning programs for nursing students should be developed and implemented.

Clinical reasoning, which is based on an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, is a core nursing competency that involves analyzing patient-related data and providing appropriate nursing practices. Simulation-based education is effective in improving clinical reasoning competencies and communication skills. This study evaluated the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning in improving the communication skills and clinical reasoning competencies of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: This study used a single-group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation-based learning. Data were collected from June to September 2020. Thirty-six nursing students in their third and fourth years of study who understood the purpose of this study were selected as participants. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Winsteps 3.68.2. Results: The communication skills (t = −12.80, p < .001) and clinical reasoning competency (t = −4.67, p < .001) of the undergraduate nursing students who participated in the virtual simulation-based learning program improved significantly after participation. Additionally, a Rasch model analysis revealed that the overall clinical reasoning competency of undergraduate nursing students improved. Conclusion: Virtual simulation-based learning programs for nursing students should be developed and implemented.

Objective: This study aimed to overview and assess the effectiveness of the policies and regulations that have governed new drug access in Korea, and to propose policies to enhance patient access to drugs, particularly for new innovative medicines. Methods: We approached drug access issues in two perspectives: approval lag (or availability) and reimbursement lag (or affordability). The issues were identified and evaluated through the review of literature, public documents, reports published by the government agencies and private organizations, and news articles. Results: To shorten approval lag, it is recommended to hire and train more reviewers at the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Increasing user fees to a realistic level can facilitate this process. To reduce reimbursement lag, flexible incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold, alternative cost-effectiveness evaluation, and establishment of funding source other than the national health insurance are identified as the areas to be improved. Conclusion The current policies and regulations had to be supplemented by new systems to drastically promote patient accessibility to new drugs, consequently in order to promote national public health.

Objective: This study aimed to overview and assess the effectiveness of the policies and regulations that have governed new drug access in Korea, and to propose policies to enhance patient access to drugs, particularly for new innovative medicines. Methods: We approached drug access issues in two perspectives: approval lag (or availability) and reimbursement lag (or affordability). The issues were identified and evaluated through the review of literature, public documents, reports published by the government agencies and private organizations, and news articles. Results: To shorten approval lag, it is recommended to hire and train more reviewers at the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Increasing user fees to a realistic level can facilitate this process. To reduce reimbursement lag, flexible incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold, alternative cost-effectiveness evaluation, and establishment of funding source other than the national health insurance are identified as the areas to be improved. Conclusion The current policies and regulations had to be supplemented by new systems to drastically promote patient accessibility to new drugs, consequently in order to promote national public health.

PURPOSE: The usability, user satisfaction, and impact of electronic nursing record (ENR) systems were investigated. METHODS: This mixed-method research was performed as a time-motion (TM) study and a survey which were carried out at six hospitals between August and November 2013. The TM study involved 108 nurses from medical, surgical, and intensive care units at each hospital, plus an additional 48 nurses who served as nonparticipating observers. In the survey, 1879 volunteer nurses completed the Impact of ENR Systems Scale, the System Usability Scale, and a global satisfaction scale. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean scores for the ENR impact, system usability, and satisfaction were 4.28 (out of 6), 58.62 (out of 100), and 74.31 (out of 100), respectively, and they differed significantly between hospitals (F=43.43, p<.001, F=53.08 and p<.001, and F=29.13 and p<.001, respectively). A workflow fragmentation assessment revealed different patterns of ENR system use among the included hospitals. Three user characteristics-educational background, practice period, and experience of using paper records-significantly affected the system usability and satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION: The system quality varied widely among the ENR systems. The generally low-to-moderate levels of system usability and user satisfaction suggest many opportunities for improvement.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Nursing Records ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology ; Personal Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *User-Computer Interface

The authors noticed that the original version of the paper contains typographical errors in Figs. 2 and 3.