BACKGROUND: Suicide is a self-destructive behavior that can occur throughout life. Recently the suicide rate has gradually increased in Korea. Suicide is the third most common cause of death in adolescents. The most important factOrs closely related to suicide were depression and hopelessness. This study aimed to analyze first, relationships between suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem, second, the differences between the demographic factors and suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem. METHODS: This study was surveyed with a questionaire to 220 students of colleges located in Pusan. The instruments were used in this study were Harters(1988) Self-Perception Profile for College Students, Harter and Robinsons(1988) Approval Support Scale for Adolescents, Becks(1961) Beck Depression Inventory, Becks(1974) Beck Hopelessness Scale and Reynolds(1987) Suicidal ideation Questionaire. RESULTS: Self-esteem had a relatively strong positive correlation with social support. Suicidal ideation had a strong positive correlation with depression. Depression had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Suicidal ideation had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the major factors related to suicidal tendency of adolescents were depression, low self-esteem, and low social support. Then the strategy to improve self-esteem and to encourage social support should be implemented for adolescents to prevent suicide.
Adolescent ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic organism commonly associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis which also sometimes causes serious wound infection. It is an uncommon cause of bacteremia. We have experienced a case of bacteremia due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a 59-year old man who initially presented with edema and dyspnea. He was diagnosed as liver cirrhosis, gastric cancer, and hepatoma. On hospital day 13, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from blood culture. The isolate showed typical cultural and biochemical characteristics such as salt tolerance and did not ferment lactose. The isolate was intermediate to ampicillin but susceptible to other agents.
Ampicillin ; Bacteremia* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Lactose ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Middle Aged ; Salt-Tolerance ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus* ; Vibrio* ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that the colonization rate of group B streptococci(GBS) in pregnant women and the incidence of neonatal infections by GBS is increasing trend in Korea, but the antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes in pregnant women have not been reported in Korea. So, we studied to define the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of serotypes of GBS in pregnant women. METHODS: The susceptibility and serotyping of 60 GBS isolates from 27 pregnant women and four isolates from their two neonates were tested by an agar dilution method and agglutination test, respectively. The typing sera used in this study were Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V. RESULTS: Minimal inhibitory concentration range of 60 GBS from pregnant women were penicillin G 0.015-0.12 microgram/ml, vancomycin 0.5-2 microgram/ml, clindamycin 0.015-4.0 microgram/ml, chloramphenicol 2-4 microgram/ml, erythromycin 0.015-2 microgram/ml, tetracycline 0.5-256 microgram/ml, cephalothin 0.12-0.25 microgram/ml, ceftriaxone 0.03-0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. The resistance rate of GBS were 6.7% to clindamycin, 0% to erythromycin, and 98.3% to tetracycline. Most of GBS serotypes from pregnant women in decreasing order were Ib(48.3%), Ia(24.1%), III(20.7%). CONCLUSION: All GBS strains isolated from pregnant women are highly susceptible to commonly used antimicrobial agents with the exception of tetracycline. The low prevalence of severe neonatal GBS infections in Korea is not due to the absence of serotype III, but probably due to a low genital carriage rate of GBS by pregnant women.
Agar ; Agglutination Tests ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Ceftriaxone ; Cephalothin ; Chloramphenicol ; Clindamycin ; Colon ; Erythromycin ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Penicillin G ; Pregnant Women* ; Prevalence ; Serotyping ; Tetracycline ; Vancomycin

In these days, computing environment turns to web environment and a lot of hospitals build information system. A medical services through the web provide patients and doctors with convenience and help experts to communicate with each other. Initially, web provided static text information, but nowadays needs of interactivity between client and server is increasing. In order to diagnose heart diseases, we use 12 channel ECG, stress ECG, holter ECG, etc. These data are a lot of correlation with each other but there are little system managed them with integration. To enhance management efficiency and share medical information, it is necessary to develop integrated ECG management system based the web. In this paper, we use common object request broker architecture(CQRBA) to implement the system. The CORBA is to apply object oriented concept to web. We can implement application easily and reduce costs to maintain and repay because server objects and client objects exist independently. We developed a System to integrate these data using network and to raise management efficiency. we focus on the performance of object web and the implementation of ECG management system based on the web.
Electrocardiography* ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Information Systems

BACKGROUND: Epidural morphine has side effects, especially pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Butorphanol has been added in studies to reduce these side effects in post cesarean patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the side effects and analgesic efficacy when a combination of epidural morphine and butorphanol was administered in patients having combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion. METHODS: Sixty patients having epidural anesthesia for cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups. Group M (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and saline 0.75 ml, whereas group B (n=30) received a bolus of 0.25% bupivacaine 4 ml, morphine 2 mg, and butorphanol 1.5 mg (0.75 ml). Continuous epidural infusion was done by Two-day Infusor containing either 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, and saline 20 ml in group M or 0.25% bupivacaine 75 ml, morphine 5 mg, butorphanol 4 mg (2 ml), and saline 18 ml in group B. We compared the side effect and analgesic effect of group M to those of group B for 2 days. RESULTS: The incidence of pruritus and vomiting were reduced significantly in group B (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between both groups in the incidence of nausea or other side effects as well as no differences in analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the addition of butorphanol to morphine in combined local anesthetic and opioid epidural infusion for postoperative analgesia decreases the occurrence of pruritus and vomiting without significant increase of other side effects and adverse effect on analgesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Bupivacaine ; Butorphanol* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Pruritus ; Vomiting

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of emotional labor and work-life balance on the organizational commitment of nurses in comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. Data collection was conducted for a total of 171 nurses in comprehensive nursing care service wards in two H university hospitals in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected from March 5 to 30, 2021 using questionnaires on topics including emotional labor, work-life balance, organizational commitment, and general characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Organizational commitment was influenced by working experience in current unit, future work plan, emotional modulation efforts in profession, patient-focused emotional suppression, and work-life balance. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that in order to increase organizational commitment, it is important to support organizational efforts and systems such as an emotional management program that can strengthen the positive aspects of emotional labor, and leisure activities and childcare support programs that can improve work-life balance.

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococci (GBS) are the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns in the United States and Europe, and maternal colonization rate of GBS is the most important factor of group B streptococcal neonatal infections. But, in Korea, studies on the maternal colonization rate of GBS are rare due to low incidence of neonatal group B streptococcal infections, particularly, data on colonization rate of GBS during first trimester is nearly absent. The aim of this study was to establish the rates of maternal carriage of GBS and the distribution of GBS serotypes in first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: During the period of June to December 1997, we studied women attending private clinic. A total of 309 women in first trimester were enrolled in the study. Cotton swab specimens from vagina and cervix were placed to new Granada tube medium. The new Granada tube medium with specimen swab was incubated in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 35degreesC. For the identification of GBS, the colonies showing orange color on new Granada tube medium were tested with Streptex group B Streptococcus reagent (Wellcome Diagnostics, UK). Serotyping was done by Hemolytic Streptococcus Group B Typing Sera (Denka Seiken, Japan). The typing sera used in this study were Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V. RESULTS: Of the pregnant women in first trimester, 2.3% (7/309) were colonized with GBS, and all seven women who colonized GBS were positive in vagina and cervix at the same time. Frequency of serotype III and Ib were 71.4% (5/7) and 29.6% (2/7), respectively. Serotypes Ia, II, VI, and V were absent. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal carriage rate of GBS in first trimester of pregnancy was 2.3%, and serotype III was the most common serotype. Serotypes Ia, II, VI, and V were absent.
Atmosphere ; Cervix Uteri ; Citrus sinensis ; Colon* ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Sepsis ; Serotyping ; Streptococcal Infections ; Streptococcus ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; United States ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: Oncogenes and EGF-Receptor(EGFR) may be involved n different stages of the multistep carcinogenesis process. A specific pattern of karyotypic abnormalities in solid tumors can be detected by cytogenetic methods. OBJECTIVE: This study is intnded to observe the cytomolecular kiologic chracterization of c-myc, erb B and EGFR genes in squasnous cell carcinoma(SCC) of the skin and cervix. METHODS: We have eytogenet,ically examined the short-term culturs from SCC. The rearrangement, amplification or expressi.on of erb B, c-myc, and EGFR genes were studied by Southern blot, analysis of genomic DNA and by slot blot analysis of tota! RNA extracted from biopsies of normal skin and SCC tissues. EGFR expression was examined immunohistochemially using monoclonal antibodies and the localizat,ion of the c-myc oncogene mRNA by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A remarkably structural aberration was del 6(q21-qter) counted 20 metaphases among 28 metaphases ana1yzed. In nunierical aberration, all chromosomes were lost or gained randomly. Amenploid including triploid and tetraploid were observed in 8 metaphases, 6 tumor cells contained marker chromosome. In Southern blot analysis, rearrangement and amglificaton of EGFR in primary squamous cell carcinoma of cervix uteri and skin respectively. In slot blot analysis, the levels of c-myc, erb B and EGFR mRNA increaaed respectively 3.5, 2.5 and 2.8 times in SCC when compared to normal tissues. In immunoperoxidase stain, EGFR was present, in SCC where keratinocytes with strong cyto-plasmic staining but no membr, line labelling, where as in normal skin the were primarily present in t,he membrane and cytoplasm of basal cells. In situ hybridization with c-myc cDNAs allowed detection of grains representative of biotin labelled cDNA-mRNA hybrids in the frozden section of SCC tissues. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that specific patterns of karyotypir abnormalites, rearrangement, or amplification of EGFR gene, and overexpression of oncogenes and EGFR gene may be associated with the carcinogenesis of SCC.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biopsy ; Biotin ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Edible Grain ; Cervix Uteri ; Cytogenetics ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Female ; Genes, erbB-1 ; In Situ Hybridization ; Keratinocytes ; Membranes ; Metaphase ; Oncogenes ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Tetraploidy ; Triploidy

This is a case report of double primary malignant cancer occurred aynchronously in the stomach and lymphoid tissue, We report this case with review of literatures about the criteria, age distribution, predisposing factor, inidence, immunity and susceptibility of the primary malignant neoplasms. This case was a 59-year-old man who had Hodgkins disease and tubular adenocarcinoma, of the stomach. The diagnoais was verified histologically, Although multiple primary neoplaas are rare, the possibility of that must be conaidered seriously, And its hereditary predisposition and other predisposing factor muat be researched with enthuaiasm.
Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Causality ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Middle Aged ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Pigment production and acidification of ribose are most frequently used biochemical tests for the differentiation of three enterococcal species carrying vanC genes such as Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus flavescens. However, pigment production may occasionally be negative in E. casseliflavus, and some of E. casseliflavus may be negative or delayed reaction with ribose fermentation test. So, we performed this study to find out biochemical tests capable of distinguishing the strains possessing vanC genotypes. METHOD: A total of 17 enterococci composed of 14 clinical isolates with motility or pigment positive strains and three ATCC strains(E. gallinarum ATCC 49573, E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788, and E. flavescens ATCC 49997) Were tested by multiplex PCR of the vanC genes(vanC-1, vanC-2 and vanC-3)and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: Among the 17 isolates including three ATCC control strains, four were genotyped as VanC-1, 11 were VanC-2, one were vanC-2/3, and any of vanC genes were not detected in one clinical isolate, respectively, Among the enterococci with vanC genotype, acid production from alphaD-cyclodextrin and hippurate hydrolysis were positive only in VanC-1 gneotype(E. gallinarum), acid production from glycerol and methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside were positive only in vanC-2 genotype(E. casseliflavus), and acid production from rhamnose and pigment production were negative only in VanC-1 genotype. Acid production from alphaD-cyclodextrin was negative only in vanC-2 genotype. The positive rate of ribose fermentation of VanC-1, VanC-2, and VanC-2/3(E. flavescens) genotype were 100%, 82%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Acid production from rhamnose, alphaD-cyclodextrin, betaD-cyclodextrin, glycerol and methly-alphaD-mannopyranoside, pigment production, and hippurate hydrolysis test were useful biochemical tests for differentitating E. gallinarum form E. casseliflavus. The production of acid from alphaD-cyclodextrin, glycerol, methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and were suitable biochemical tests for differentiating E. casseliflavus from E. flavescens.
Enterococcus ; Fermentation ; Genotype ; Glycerol ; Hydrolysis ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Phenotype* ; Rhamnose ; Ribose