Background & Objective: Sex differences in cerebral atherosclerosis and subsequent stroke have not been thoroughly investigated and conflicting data exist. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in the risk factors and distribution of large artery atherosclerotic stroke in a Korean population. Methods: We included consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic extracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS) or intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) based on brain and vascular imaging who presented at our hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. We then compared risk factor profiles and the proportion of symptomatic ECAS and ICAS between men and women. Results: Eight hundred and forty four patients were enrolled during the study period. The proportion of ECAS in men was notably higher than in women (19.4% in men vs. 9.3% in women; p < 0.001). A multiple regression analysis showed that male gender was a factor favoring ECAS (vs. ICAS, odds ratio [OR], 3.554; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.175-5.808; p < 0.001). Age (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.031-1.072; p = 0.001) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.330; 95% CI, 1.538-3.529; p < 0.001) were also factors favoring ECAS. However, after stratification by sex, the association was only significant in men. Conclusions: There is a sex difference in the distribution of atherosclerotic stroke. Sex may be an effect modifier of the association between atherosclerotic risk factors and atherosclerotic distribution.
Stroke

Leiomyoma is commonly found in the female genital tract, but occurrence in the urinary bladder is very rare with only 235 cases reported in the literature. These tumors have been classified as intravesical (63%), intramural (7%) and extravesical (30%) depending on the direction of the growth. We report a case of intravesical leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 36 year-old woman who exhibited dysuria and urinary retention. The gross and microscopical findings of leiomyoma of the bladder are similar to those of the uterus. Immunohistochemical stains for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) revealed diffuse nuclear staining in smooth muscle cells, supporting the hypothesis of hormonal influence in tumorigenesis.
Adult ; Carcinogenesis ; Coloring Agents ; Dysuria ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Uterus

No abstract available.

Reiters syndrome is an unusual disease characterized a triad of nongonococcal urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis in association with the mircoutaneous lesions of keratoderma blenorrhagica and balarintis circinata. We present herein a case of Reiters syndome combined yiti lung cancer. A 39-year-old man has experienced naigrating polyarthralgia and high fever ilitermittently for about 20 years, Hyperkeratotic erythemnous patches and plaques, which dyeliped about 1 year ago, have aggravated and expanded to the whole body. Histopathologic sections from the plaque on the right forc ari showed characteristic findings including thickened parakeratotic horny layer and spongiform micropustules of Kogoji He was associated with HLA-B27. On the chest X-ray, a thumbtip size mass was incidently found. Chest CT and bone scan findings supported lung cancer and multiele metastases.
Adult ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Conjunctivitis ; Fever ; HLA-B27 Antigen ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethritis

Progressive zosteriform macular pigmented lesion(PZMPL) is a chronic pigmentary dermatosis similar to progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation(PCZH). This dermatosis described by Simoes in 1980 is characterized by a uniformly tanned macular pigmented lesion in a zosteriform distribution preceded by multiple pruritic macular pigmentation in a part of the dermatome for a period. PZMPL is not a fully understood disease entity but it is thought to be a variant of PCZH. It is differentiated from PCZH by accompanying pruritus as a prodromal symptom, a characteristic clinical course, and histological findings such as pigmentary incontinence. We report herein a case of PZMPL in a 17 year-old girl with the pigmentary skin lesion extending from the left forearm to the left chest along the Blaschkos line. The histological findings revealed increased melanin pigments in the basal layer and focal pigmentary incontinence in the upper dermis. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of PZMPL in korea thought to be the same case reported by Simoes.
Adolescent ; Dermis ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Prodromal Symptoms ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Thorax ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

CD44 is a hyaluronic acid receptor that exists as a standard 90-kd form (CD44H) as well as several CD44 variants isoforms are produced through alternative splicing. Alternatively spliced variants of the CD44 molecule have been found to be associated with invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells and poor prognosis in several types of carcinoma. The purpose of the present study is to define the expression of CD44H and CD44v6 in ovarian tumors and to investigate whether the expression of these molecules is associated with adverse prognosis. We evaluated the expression of CD44 isoforms in 58 ovarian tumors by means of immunohistochemistry, and correlated between CD44 expression and the histologic types, tumor grade, peritoneal implants, pseudomyxoma peritonei and FIGO stage. While the CD44H was commonly expressed in ovarian tumors, the CD44v6 was expressed in a minor proportion of serous tumors in comparison with frequent expression of v6 isoform in mucinous tumors. The CD44H expression was significantly higher in stage I/II than in stage III. However, there was no correlation between the expression of CD44 and the presence of peritoneal implants or pseudomyxoma peritonei. These results suggest that CD44H could play an important role in the adhesive function in the lower stage of the ovarian tumor and reduced expression in the higher stage might be related to the metastasis and widespread invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells.
Adhesives ; Alternative Splicing ; Female ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Prognosis ; Protein Isoforms ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, recurrent, painful and ulcerative skin disorder of unknown etiology, but is commonly associated with a variety of underlying systemic diseases of ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, monoclonal gammopathies, Crohns disease, chronic active hepatitis and some hematologic diseases such as leukemia, thrombocythemia, dysglobulinemia and myeloma. We describe a 50 year-old woman who had pyoderma gangrenosum associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis. The findings of a bone marrow biopsy revealed proliferation of fibroblasts and a dense reticulin network, which were consistent with myelofibrosis. Steroid therapy resulted in a good response temporarily but, she died within a year after diagnosis. To our knowledge, our present case associated with idiopathic myelofibrosis is the first reported case in the Korean literature.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Middle Aged ; Paraproteinemias ; Primary Myelofibrosis* ; Pyoderma Gangrenosum* ; Pyoderma* ; Reticulin ; Skin ; Thrombocytosis ; Ulcer

Astigmatism may influence the development of amblyopia and possibly also the development of refractive errors. The length of the sensitive period and the minimum amount of astigmatism necessary to produce significant amblyopia are not yet clearly defined. The authors performed this clinical study to evaluate visual acuity of childhood astigmatism aged from 3 to 5 years. Of the 152 astigmatic eyes studied, the amount of astigmatism ranged from 1 to 2D was found in 46 eyes; 2 to 3 in 68' 3 to 4 in30 and 8eyes revealed over 4D. With-the-rule astigmatism was found in 120 eyes and against-the-rule stigmatism were in 3 eyes. With-the-rule astigmatism was more frequent than against-the-rule astigmatism. Of the 152 eye examined, the corrected visual acuity lower than 0.1 was found in 9 eyes; 0.1 to 0.3 in 54; 0.4 to 0.6 in 69; the rest 20 eyes showed relatively good, might be caused by astimatism was detected in 132 eyes.
Amblyopia ; Astigmatism* ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity*

A case of Wegener's granulomatosis is described, with special attention focused on the typical histologic findings and involvement of both middle ear and lung. The patient is a 37-year-old man presented with four-month history of cough and sputum. He had a past history of surgery of both ears because of otitis media followed by left facial palsy. Chest radiographs showed variable sized ill defined nodules in both lower lobes with internal airspace consolidation. Histologic preparations of the open lung biopsy specimens demonstrated a diffusely scattered palisading micro and macrogranulomas with central focus of neutrophils and necrotic collagen surrounded by histiocytes, histiocytic giant cells. Fibrinoid necrosis involved blood vessels and lung parenchyma. Chronic inflammation, diffuse granulation tissue formation and irregular fibrosis are also found in the lung parenchyma. The histologic findings of middle ear which was previously biopsied showed scattered palisading ill defined microgranulomas mixed with fibrotic tissue.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Collagen ; Cough ; Ear ; Ear, Middle* ; Facial Paralysis ; Fibrosis ; Giant Cells ; Granulation Tissue ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung* ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Otitis Media ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sputum ; Vasculitis ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

BACKGROUND: A medulloblastoma is a primitive neuroepithelial tumor of the cerebellum that occurs in children and metastasizes through the cerebrospinal fluid. It is highly malignant and invasive, and the 5-year survival rate is only 60%. Surgical resection techniques, radiation, and chemotherapy have improved the overall survival but the patients suffer life-long cognitive dysfunctions or endocrine abnormalities as the side effects of treatment. Therefore it is essential to identify prognostic markers to determine the appropriate treatment strategy in order to minimize the side effects. METHODS: This study evaluated the immunohistochemical differentiation and survival rate with synaptophysin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin and primitive neuroepithelial marker nestin of 55 paraffin-embedded medulloblastomas, using a tissue microarray. The expression of survivin, the apoptotic inhibitor, and the survival rate with regard to the proliferation index of Ki-67 were also investigated. RESULTS: The group testing positive to vimentin, a mesenchymal differentiation marker, had a worse prognosis and there was a strong correlation between vimentin expression and nestin expression. Patients with a survivin expression rate >35% had a significantly poorer clinical course and there was a correlation between the survivin expression rate and Ki-67 expression rate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, vimentin and survivin are negative prognostic markers in medulloblastomas.
Cerebellum ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Drug Therapy ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma* ; Mucin-1 ; Nestin ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Synaptophysin ; Vimentin*