The parathyroid carcinoma is rare disorder and its reported incidence is 1-2% of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid cancer shows more profound clinical symptoms and signs than adenoma or hyperplasia: more severe renal and bony complications, higher calcium levels (>15 mg/dL) and palpable neck mass. It usually diagnosed after operation when it shows malignant pathologic findings, local invasion, distant metastasis, or even recurrence. The treatment is surgical resection. Hypokalemia is relatively common feature of primary hyperparathyroidism but it should be marked because of its arrhythmogenic effect when accompanies with hypercalcemia. We experienced a hyperfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma in 53 year old rnan confirmed postoperatively which showed hypokalemia normalized after operation.
Adenoma ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperplasia ; Hypokalemia* ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Zygoma*

No abstract available.
Zygoma*

No abstract available.
Neck*

Optic nerve sheath meningioma arises from the arachnoid cap cell of optic nerve sheath and comprises most of primary orbital meningioma. We experienced a rare case of optic nerve sheath meningioma originating in the left orbit. A 44-year-old woman had suffered from visual disturbance in the left eye for 3 years and had only light perceptibility for the recent 6 months. The right eye was normal. Brain CT scan and MRI revealed a 2x0.8 cm sized fusiform solid mass in the left retrobulbar area. Under the impression of optic nerve tumor. excision of the mass including a small segment of the optic nerve was performed. The tumor was a yellowish firm, relatively well demarcated mass that encircled the optic nerve without infiltrating it. Microscopically it was a typical meningioma, meningothelial type. The recovery of visual acuity was impossible due to resection of optic nerve but there was no evidence of recurrence for u months.
Female ; Humans ; Meningioma

Eruptive vellus hair cysts and steatocystoma multiplex have clinical similarities in terms of age of onset, location and appeararice of the lesions, but histopathologic feitures are distinctively differen-tiated. We present herein a 37-year-old woman with eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex as well. The histopathologic sections from 2 different lesions showed features of both eruptive vellus hair cyst with sebaceous gland in and near the cyst wall, and steatocy toma multiplex with rudimentary hair follicle near the cyst wall. This case may support the premie that eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex have a common developmental origin.
Adult ; Age of Onset ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Hair* ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands ; Steatocystoma Multiplex*

No abstract available.
Carnitine* ; Renal Dialysis*

Botulium toxin A has been used therapeutically in humans for over 20 years for a variety of medical indications. Some wrinkle and unsightly facial expressions are due to hyperkinetic muscle. For the past year, the author has injected it for variant purpose, so we describe the our experience with the variant extended use of the toxin including correction for just dynamic wrinkle, used with subperiosteal face lifting or peeling, post-traumatic twitching, and facial paralysis and relevant anatomy are discussed. Also we have another concept about muscle anatomy which have superficial and deep portion. The superficial portion is for harmonious action with SMAS during facial expression, which is also related to fine wrinkle, and the deep portion play role gross movement. Botulium toxin is safe and effective in varient field without complication. Its use is associated with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction.
Exotoxins* ; Facial Expression ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Rhytidoplasty

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Eating* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Chitosan* ; Rats* ; Water*