No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Epistaxis*

OBJECTIVE: The study was performed to evaluate whether thallium reinjection (RI) distinguishes viable from nonviable myocardium among myocardial segments which showed persistent perfusion defect (PD) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 22 patients underwent PTCA after AMI. SPECT was performed in all patients using dipyridamole stress- 4 hour redistribution (RD) followed by 24 hour RI protocols. Dysfunctional segs were classified into 5 groups: 1) normal, 2) reversible, 3) mild to moderate PD, 4) severe PD and 5) reverse redistribution (RR). All patients underwent follow up echocardiography after 4 months to assess regional wall motion (WM) improvement such as a criteria of viable myocardium. RESULTS: A total of 127 segs with abnormal WM was analyzed. Of 74 segs with PD, 17 (23%) showed enhanced uptake after 24 hour RI. Five of 17 segs (29%) with PD that responded to RI with enhanced thallium uptake showed WM improvement. WM improvement were seen in the 24 of 57 segs (42%) not responding to RI. All four segs (100%) with RR that responded to RI showed improvement. WM improvement were not seen in the 5 of 8 segs (71%) with RR not responding to thallium RI. Eleven (73%) of 15 segs with mild-moderate PD after RI showed improvement, but 33% of segs with severe PD after RI did not showed improvement. Segs with mild-moderate PD after RI and fill in after RI showed improvement in comparison to segs with severe PD after RI(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that because only small proportion of PD showed further perfusion improvement after RI and predictive value by the uptake after RI was low, there was limited role of RI after myocardial infarction. Usefulness of RI could be found in segs showing RR responding to RI in AMI reflects viable myocardium.
Dipyridamole ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Perfusion ; Thallium ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Many researchers report that the measurement of urine calcium concentration during antenatal period is helpful in prediction of having preeclampsia,but some don`t. The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the relationship of low calcium level in urine and the develpoment of preeclampsia, and effects of other variables. 24hour urine were collected and measured for the concentration of calcium and creatinine from 769 pregnant women who visited our department of obstetrics at Young-Dong Severeance hospital, Yonsei university medical college for antenatal care from March 1, 1993 to May 31, 1996. One group of 41 women developed preeclampsia and the other didn`t. There were no diffrences in ages and gestational age at urine collection between two groups, but a group with preeclampsia had an increased mean arterial blood pressure. There were signiificant difference in calcium concentration in urine and ratios of concentration of calcium and creatinine from urine collected between gestational ages of 25 weeks and 32 weeks and also in those women younger than 25 years old and their first pregnancy. Our study suggests that the measure ment of calcium level and ratios of urine calcium concentration and creatinine concentration at gestational ages between 25 weeks and 32 weeks in women younger than 25 year old with their first pregnancy is quite helpful inpredicting the develpoment of preeclampsia.
Adult ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium ; Creatinine ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Urine Specimen Collection ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Pigment production and acidification of ribose are most frequently used biochemical tests for the differentiation of three enterococcal species carrying vanC genes such as Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus flavescens. However, pigment production may occasionally be negative in E. casseliflavus, and some of E. casseliflavus may be negative or delayed reaction with ribose fermentation test. So, we performed this study to find out biochemical tests capable of distinguishing the strains possessing vanC genotypes. METHOD: A total of 17 enterococci composed of 14 clinical isolates with motility or pigment positive strains and three ATCC strains(E. gallinarum ATCC 49573, E. casseliflavus ATCC 25788, and E. flavescens ATCC 49997) Were tested by multiplex PCR of the vanC genes(vanC-1, vanC-2 and vanC-3)and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: Among the 17 isolates including three ATCC control strains, four were genotyped as VanC-1, 11 were VanC-2, one were vanC-2/3, and any of vanC genes were not detected in one clinical isolate, respectively, Among the enterococci with vanC genotype, acid production from alphaD-cyclodextrin and hippurate hydrolysis were positive only in VanC-1 gneotype(E. gallinarum), acid production from glycerol and methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside were positive only in vanC-2 genotype(E. casseliflavus), and acid production from rhamnose and pigment production were negative only in VanC-1 genotype. Acid production from alphaD-cyclodextrin was negative only in vanC-2 genotype. The positive rate of ribose fermentation of VanC-1, VanC-2, and VanC-2/3(E. flavescens) genotype were 100%, 82%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Acid production from rhamnose, alphaD-cyclodextrin, betaD-cyclodextrin, glycerol and methly-alphaD-mannopyranoside, pigment production, and hippurate hydrolysis test were useful biochemical tests for differentitating E. gallinarum form E. casseliflavus. The production of acid from alphaD-cyclodextrin, glycerol, methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and were suitable biochemical tests for differentiating E. casseliflavus from E. flavescens.
Enterococcus ; Fermentation ; Genotype ; Glycerol ; Hydrolysis ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Phenotype* ; Rhamnose ; Ribose

BACKGROUND: Vestibular reflexes, such as vestibulo-sympathetic reflex, have been considered as an important physiologic mechanism to maintain peripheral vascular resistance in case of orthostatic stress. Vestibular function may play an important role not only in maintaining spatial orientation, but also in determining G-tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible contribution of vestibular function to G-tolerance. METHODS: Vestibular function was measured indirectly in 86 subjects by analyzing vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) using a rotating chair test. They were also exposed to +6Gz acceleration for 30 seconds with rapid onset run (1 G/sec). After G-exposure, they were classified into the Pass and the G-LOC group according to their success or failure to maintain consciousness during G-exposure. The VOR parameters of the G-LOC group were compared with those of the Pass group. RESULTS: While VOR gain values of one subset of the G-LOC group (low gain G-LOC group, N=8) were significantly lower than those of the Pass group at rotation frequencies of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.32 Hz, VOR gain values of the other subset of the G-LOC group (high gain G-LOC group) were significantly higher than those of the Pass group at all rotation frequencies. There was no difference of VOR phase value between the Pass and the G-LOC groups. CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests the vestibular function may be involved in determining G-tolerance. According to VOR gain values, we were able to recognize two distinct G-LOC subgroups compared with the Pass group. The difference between afferent or efferent vestibular flows and target organ response can be a possible explanation for different VOR parameters of G-LOC subgroups.
Acceleration ; Consciousness ; Reflex ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular* ; Unconsciousness* ; Vascular Resistance

BACKGROUND: With increasing number of female pilots who fly high-performance aircraft, the gender specific factors have become one of the most important aeromedical considerations. It has been raised that the changes of serum female hormone levels by menstrual cycle may affect vasoregulation and female G-tolerance ultimately. However, the exact relationship between serum female hormone levels and G-tolerance is still unknown. Moreover, well-controlled subjects without taking oral contraceptives are needed to examine the possible effect of menstrual cycle on female G-tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine how female hormones and menstrual cycle affect female relaxed G-tolerance. METHODS: Eight female subjects were studied to test their relaxed G-tolerance. Seven out of 8 subjects had regular menstrual cycle during the study period. Each subject were exposed to human centrifuge once a week for 4 weeks (one complete menstrual cycle) and blood samplings were performed twice at 2nd and 4th week just before exposure to human centrifuge. The profile of centrifuge training consisted of gradual-onset run (0.1 G/sec) acceleration to the visual endpoint. RESULTS: The changes of 4 different serum female hormone levels failed to show any trend related to relaxed G-tolerance including estrogen. There was no significant difference in relaxed G-tolerance in any menstrual cycle time points. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the changes of female hormone levels and the menstrual cycle have no effect on female relaxed G-tolerance.
Acceleration ; Aircraft ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Diptera ; Estrogens ; Female* ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return(connection) is a congenital heart disease. Especially, the reports of the patients with double connections of all pulmonary veins were rare. An infant who underwent operation for total anomalous pulmonary venous return had double drainge of all pulmonary veins to both left vertical vein and anomalous descending vein. This second lesion was not diagnosed preoperatively, but in operative field. Operative treatments were performed by ligation of left vertical vein and central pulmonary vein-to-left atrium anastomosis without ligation of the descending anomalous vein. For these less common variants fo total anomalous pulmonary venous return,a more detailed and precise understanding of morphology can facilitate accurate surgical repair. And also, early detection of the disease is an another issue for a good prognosis.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant ; Ligation ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Veins ; Scimitar Syndrome* ; Veins

Main objectives of this study were to produce the experimental postirradiation sialadenitis and to observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy after the production of postirradiation sialadenitis in the unilateral parotid gland of white rats. To produce the experimental postirradiation sialadenitis, author attempted the various methods of irradiation such as 1000rad weekly for 5 weeks, or single dosage of 2000rad, 3000rad, 5000rad, but those attempts were futile due to the high mortality of experimental animals(used 80rats for pilot study). Finally author had to design fractional irradiation, that is, 1000rad per 2 weeks, total 5000rad for 8 weeks in order to produce postirradiation sialadenitis. The occurrence of postirradiation sialadenitis was proved with serial salivary scan findings. Author used irradiation 1000rats, dividing into the control(50) and experimental group (50) and rendered the hyperbaric oxygen therapy(2 hours/daily at 2.4ATM) on the experimental group for 6 weeks. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy was examined by salivary scan findings and microscopic examination. The obtained results of this study were as follows: 1. The differences of salivary gland function between irradiated parotid glands(right) and nonirradiated parotid glands(left) showed the most remarkable changes at 32 weeks after total 5000rad irradiation. 2. In microscopic examination at 32 weeks after total 5000rad irradiation, irradiated parotid glands(right) showed severe degenerative changes of acinar cells, separations of lobules due to edema, severe intralobular fibrosis and connective tissue fibrosis. 3. After hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 4 weeks, the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed no distinctive difference findings between the control and the experimental group with salivary scan findings(p>or=0.05), while the experimental group showed progressive intralobular edema, copillary proliferation, hyperemia in connective tissues and intralobular fibrosis in microscopic examination. 4. Tc99m uptake of the experimental group was raised after hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 6 weeks, and showed reduction of Tc99m uptake ratio between irradiated parotid gland and nonirradiated gland up to 8 to 10 weeks(p<0.05), while in the microscopic exemination the experimental group showed aggravated acinar cell degeneration, intercalated duct proliferation, connective tissues fibrosis. In this study, author speculated that though the hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved the capillary impairment, there was a tendency to increase the degenerative changes of parechyma of postirradiated parotid glands, thus the usage of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered carefully in the aspect of hazardous effect to the parotid parenchymal tissues.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Connective Tissue ; Edema ; Fibrosis ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Hyperemia ; Mortality ; Osteoradionecrosis ; Oxygen ; Parotid Gland ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands ; Sialadenitis* ; Xerostomia

No abstract available.
Plasma* ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female