PURPOSE: The aim of this presentation is to analyze the factors influencing on retrograde insertion of double-J catheter in urethral obstruction due to malignancy and to predict the possibility of stunting with double-J catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 43 patients who had underwent retrograde double-J catheter insertion for urethral obstruction secondary to pelvic malignancy, from January 1993 to April 1997, was performed to evaluate the success rates of double-J ureteral stenting according to the factors such as age, sex, presence or absence of flank pain, degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, stage of tumor, laterality of ureter, past history of radiotherapy, operation and chemotherapy. RESULTS: According to the degree of hydronephrosis, the success rate was 100, 73.7 and 50% in grade I II and III, respectively(p<0.05). According to the renal function, the success rate was 81.3% in the group with normal renal function and 45.5% in the group with abnormal venal function(p<0.05) According to the stage of disease, the success rate was 100, 70.7 and 58.3% in stage I, II and III, respectively. According to the absence or presence of flank pain, the success rate was 56.3% in the group with flank pain and 81.5% in the group without flank pain. According to the past history of radiotherapy, the success rate was 65.6% in the group treated with radiotherapy and 90.9% in the group not treated with radiotherapy. The age, sex, laterality of ureter, past history of operation and chemotherapy were not significantly correlated to the success rates. CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing on double-J ureteral slanting were the degree of hydronephrosis, renal function, absence or presence of flank pain, stage of disease and past history of radiotherapy Further study will be needed to demonstrate the accurate timing of urethral stenting with doublets ureteral catheter.
Catheters* ; Drug Therapy ; Flank Pain ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urethral Obstruction ; Urinary Catheters

Two cases of carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix were reported with emphasis on the histologic, cytologic, histochemical and electron microscopic appearance of tumor cells. Based on the light microscopic findings, one case was a well differentiated carcinoid with acinus formation, and the other was a poorly differentiated anaplastic type, being composed of small cells similar to those of oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Both tumors demonstrated scattered argyrophilic cells on Grimelius stain, and contained neurosecretory granules on electron microscopy. They were in stages II b and IV, respectively, at the time of presentation. The latter patient was treated with vinblastin, platinol and bleomycin, but died in 9 months after the initial diagnosis. The former was lost to follow-up study. Importance of distinction between this highly malignant tumor and other varieties of cervical cancer was emphasized.
Follow-Up Studies

At "Keumjung-gul" site, bones of more than 153 persons are excavated in October 1995. They were interred in Autumn of 1950 during Korean War. Among them, 70 skulls were examined in morphological method and DNA test for sex determination. With PCR amplification of amelogenin, 60 skulls were proved male, 9; female, 1; not amplified. Result with Y27H39LR, SRY and alphoid repeats were not satisfactory. The morphologic determination for sex were made maily by (1) prominence of the supercilliary arch, (2) prominence of the external occipital protuberance and crest, (3) size and shape of the mastoid process. The concurrence rate between two examiner, and between two morphologic result and DNA result were low (<70%), largely because of the subjectivity of morphologic trait and the paucity of experiences.
Amelogenin ; DNA* ; Female ; Humans ; Korean War ; Male ; Mastoid ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skull*

No abstract available.
Copper* ; Humans* ; Milk, Human* ; Zinc*

Impaired endothelium dependent relaxation occurs in diabetic rabbit corpus cavernosum and normal corpus cavernosum exposed to elevated glucose. Elevation of glucose can change the activities of two key enzymes, protein kinase C (PKC) and Na+-K+ ATPase. This study addresses the question of whether impaired endothelium dependent relaxation in isolated corpus cavernosum from normal rabbit exposed to elevated glucose is related to PKC and Na+-K+ ATPase activities and, if so, whether it is associated with altered ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake, an index of Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and contractile response of corpus cavernosum tissue to ouabain. Corpus cavernosal tissue suspended for measurement of isometric tension were incubated for 6 hours in control (5.5mM) or elevated glucose (44mM) to mimic euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Relaxations of corpus cavernosum tissue in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh)were unaffected in control groups while significantly inhibited in the elevated glucose group. Relaxations of corporeal tissue to endothelium-independent vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were similar in the control and elevated glucose groups. Corporeal tissue treated with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, showed decreased relaxations to ACh, similar to normal corporeal tissue exposed to elevated glucose. Relaxations in response to SNP were unaffected by treatment with PMA or exposure to elevated glucose. 1(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), PKC inhibitor, restored the abnormal Ach-induced relaxation in corporeal tissue exposed to elevated glucose. The contractions caused by ouabain, Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, were smaller in elevated glucose groups than control and elevated glucose groups treated with H-7. Ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake of elevated glucose groups was significantly less than that of control groups but ouabain sensitive 86-Rb uptake of elevated glucose groups treated with H-7 was similar to those of control groups. These results suggest that activation in PKC activity and inhibition in Na+-K+ ATPase activity caused by elevated glucose contribute to impaired endothelium dependent relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Endothelium ; Glucose* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nitroprusside ; Ouabain ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Relaxation* ; Vasodilator Agents

PURPOSE: The study was done to investigate the effect of ethanol inhalation on postoperative nausea in patients using Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). METHODS: The data were collected from June 1st 2006 to September 30th, 2007. The subjects were 70 patients who had had orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia. The levels of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure postoperative nausea. The experimental group was given ethanol inhalation using ethanol pads and the control group received normal saline pads. All participants were instructed to take two deep sniffs with the pad one inch from the nose. This was repeated every five minutes for three doses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: The study supported all hypotheses. "The experimental group given first dose of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -5.900, p = .000). "The experimental group given second doses of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -7.507, p = .000). "The experimental group given third doses of ethanol inhalation would have a lower level postoperative nausea compared to the control group"(t = -6.685, p = .000). CONCLUSION: According to these results, the ethanol inhalation can be considered an effective nursing intervention for relieving the postoperative nausea in patients using PCA.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia, General ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Nose ; Orthopedics ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Hemangioma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

BACKGROUND: With increasing number of female pilots who fly high-performance aircraft, the gender specific factors have become one of the most important aeromedical considerations. It has been raised that the changes of serum female hormone levels by menstrual cycle may affect vasoregulation and female G-tolerance ultimately. However, the exact relationship between serum female hormone levels and G-tolerance is still unknown. Moreover, well-controlled subjects without taking oral contraceptives are needed to examine the possible effect of menstrual cycle on female G-tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine how female hormones and menstrual cycle affect female relaxed G-tolerance. METHODS: Eight female subjects were studied to test their relaxed G-tolerance. Seven out of 8 subjects had regular menstrual cycle during the study period. Each subject were exposed to human centrifuge once a week for 4 weeks (one complete menstrual cycle) and blood samplings were performed twice at 2nd and 4th week just before exposure to human centrifuge. The profile of centrifuge training consisted of gradual-onset run (0.1 G/sec) acceleration to the visual endpoint. RESULTS: The changes of 4 different serum female hormone levels failed to show any trend related to relaxed G-tolerance including estrogen. There was no significant difference in relaxed G-tolerance in any menstrual cycle time points. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the changes of female hormone levels and the menstrual cycle have no effect on female relaxed G-tolerance.
Acceleration ; Aircraft ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Diptera ; Estrogens ; Female* ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of web-based simulation and high-fidelity simulation on acute heart disease patient care. METHODS: The project used a comparative study design with two simulation-based training modalities. A total of 144 nursing students participated in this study: 76 students in a web-based simulation, and 68 students in a high-fidelity simulation. Participants rated their self-efficacy, problem-solving ability, interest in learning, level of stress, satisfaction with the simulation experience, and level of difficulty of the simulation. RESULTS: The scores for self-efficacy, problem-solving ability, and interest in learning including interest in clinical training in the high-fidelity simulation group was higher than in the web-based simulation group. However, there were no significant differences in interest in learning, including interest in nursing knowledge, and in lab training, level of stress, satisfaction with the simulation experience, and level of difficulty of the simulation. CONCLUSION: A high-fidelity simulation of acute heart disease patient care might be beneficial to developing many more abilities for nursing students than would a web-based simulation. Also, since the web-based simulation improved interest in nursing knowledge, it could be a viable alternative to high-fidelity simulation. Further study is needed to verify the effects of varied levels of simulation-based care with more rigorous outcomes.
Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Learning ; Nursing ; Patient Care* ; Simulation Training ; Students, Nursing