No abstract available.
Animals ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Osteomyelitis* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that affected self efficacy, social support and learning achievement in the web-based learning of graduate school students. METHODS: The data were collected from 79 nurses in a web-based learning. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the level of self-efficacy, social support and learning achievement. RESULTS: The learning achievement was significantly improved to 4.05 points after web-based learning compared to 2.69 points before web-based learning, and all other items were also improved. Self-efficacy was improved to 3.91 points from 3.66 points after web-based learning and so was social support to 4.18 points from 3.94 points. Fatigue and stress among health behavior characteristics were significantly decreased after web-based learning. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the web-based learning improved self-efficacy and social support of the students. And self-efficacy was an important factor in learning achievement. It is necessary to develop a strategy to improve self-efficacy as well as to manage social support for increasing interactions among the nurses in a web-based learning.
Achievement ; Fatigue ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Efficacy

No abstract available.
Dyskeratosis Congenita* ; Female ; Humans

Three cases of congenital coxa vara were treated by subtroch-anterie abduction osteotomy with percutaneous pin fixation of both fragments. The indications of the corrective subtrochanteric osteotomy for coxa vara deformity were the neck-shaft angle of 100 degress or less, the presence of marked gluteus medius limp and the vertical neck defect with progression of the varus deformity. Through a lateral approach, the lateral aspect of the proximal end to the femoral shaft was exposed and 2 Steinmann pins were inserted through the upper and lower levels to the proposed osteotomy. The distal pin was inserted perpendicular to the long axis of the femur and the proximal pin at an algle of desired correction to the distal pin and a subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy was completed. Two Steinmann pins were paralell to each other by adducting the proximal fragment and abducting the distal fragment. and the lateral cortex of the proximal fragment was impacted into the marrow cavity of the distal fragment. The Steinmann pins were then incorporated in the hip spica cast. The object of the operation was to correct the coxa vara, to change the stress on the vertical fissure in the neck from shear to compression and to overcome shortening of leg. With this technically simple method, the authors achieved adequate correction of the deformity. The ostetomies healed rapidly and the medullary canal was re-established in all cases, The gait of each patient was markedly improved and the Trendelenburg test become negative in all of them. One of these patients showed a mild recurrence of varus deformity and limp 2 years following surgery.
Bone Marrow ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Coxa Vara ; Femur ; Gait ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Methods ; Neck ; Osteotomy ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Membranes*

BACKGROUND: Although immunophenotyping of leukemias has improved diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, it has also caused diagnostic confusion regarding the lineage of leukemic cells. So far, lots of papers about acute leukemias with coexpression of another lineage markers with different technical methodologies and different criteria have been published in Korea and other countries. The authors investigated the frequency and immunophenotypic characteristics of the leukemias with aberrant lineage markers from data obtained at Korea University Hospital by a retrospective study. METHODS: From Jan. 1993 to Feb. 1996, 179 leukemias had been requested for immunophenotypig and 28 cases among them with unusual immunophenotypes were retrieved according to their immunophenotyping results. For the final diagnosis all the slides stained with Wright-Giemsa, peroxidase, Periodic-Acid Schiff, Sudan black B, and nonspecific esterase were re-examined, and all the flow cytometric results were reanalyzed. RESULTS: Among 28 cases, 3 cases(10%) were acute biphenotypic leukemias(BP) one with B lymphoid and myeloid markers and the other two with T lymphoid and myeloid markers. One case of intralineage bilinear acute leukemia(ILBL) with two separate populations of megakaryocytic cells and monocytic cells was noted. 6 cases(21%) were acute myeloblastic leukemias expressing lymphoid associated markers(Ly+AMLs; CD19) and 8 cases(28%) were myeloid antigen-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias(My+ALLs, four with CD13+ and three with CD33+ and one with blastic transformation of chronic myelogeneous leukemia). Because of the change in diagnostic criteria, lymphocyte contamination, or low setting of negative control, 10 cases (36%) were not included to be of unusual immunophenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of acute hybrid leukemia was 2.2 % of all leukemias. Ly+AMLs was 3.4%, and My+ALL was 4.4%. In conclusion, first, quality control of the flow cytometry and careful interpretation especially in terms of positive cut-off value and gating, are needed. Secondly, national guidelines for the criteria of the hybrid leukemia and My+ALLs and Ly+AMLs are necessary for the elucidation of the prognostic implication of those leukemias.
Carboxylesterase ; Diagnosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Peroxidase ; Quality Control ; Retrospective Studies ; Sudan

No abstract available.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptides*

Epidemiological studies are important in both the prevention and treatment of mycobacterial infections. This study was initiated to establish the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method, which are not yet extensively studied. The most apprpriate restriction endonucleases included Dral, AsnI, and XbaI. The optimal PFGE condition was different according to the enzymes used. Two stage PFGE was performed, in case of DraI first stage was performed with 10 seconds of initial pulse and 15 seconds of findA pulse, while the second stage was performed with 60 seconds of initial pulse and 70 seconds of final pu',se. The electrophoresis time for DraI-PFGE was 14 hours for each stage. Electrophoresis was performed for 22 hours, in case of XbaI, with 3 seconds of initial pulse and 12 seconds of final pulse. Electrophoresis was performed for 22 hours, in case of AsnI, with 5 seconds of initial pulse and 25 seconds of final pulse. In all cases the voltage of the electrophoresis was maintained constantly at 200 voltage. Standard mycobacterial strains, which included Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. tuberculosis, and M. fortuitum, could not be differentiated by PFGE analysis. PFGE analysis was performed to differentiate 9 clinically isolated M. fortuitum strains using AsnI. All M. fortuitum strains showed different genotypes except 2 strains. Cluster analysis divided M. fortuitum strains into 2 large groups. PFGE analysis was performed to further differentiate M. fortuitum isolates using XbaI. The undifferentiated 2 M. fortuitum strains showed different PFGE patterns with Xba I. Cluster analysis of the XbaI-PFGE patterns showed more complex grouping than AsnI-PFGE patterns, which showed that XbaI-PFGE analysis was better than AsnI-PFGE in M. fortuitum genotyping. The top dissimilarity values of AsnI-PFGE and XbaI-PFGE were 0.74 and 0.75, respectively. This value was higher than that of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) analysis and lower than that of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. This suggested that PFGE can be used as a supportive or alternative genotyping method to RFLP analysis.
DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis* ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genotype ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Tuberculosis

In Korea where night soil used as fertilizer for crops and vegetables they may be contaminated simultaneously with infective stage of ascaris, hookworm and other helminthes. In this circumstance, the ascaris eggs and hookworm larvae may adhere to certain kinds of leafy vegetables(Chyu, 1957) and may remain viable even after pickling in brine or in other substances (Han and Ko, 1952; Soh, 1960). It has been shown that Heliogen(Thitasut, 1961) will kill the parasite eggs and larvae, and Sodium nitrite (Kozai, 1960; Kim and Soh 1964) and Thiabendazole (Kutsmi, 1964 and 1965; Kim et al., 1966) also had ovicidal action. The present study has been planned to study the ovicidal and larvicidal actions of several chemicals in Korean pickle juice(Kimchi) and the results are summarized as follows: Heliogen solution(iodine 100 ppm) did not destroy the ascaris and hookworm eggs within 30 minutes at the temperature of 15-30 C, but the hookworm larvae were killed within 3 minutes under the same conditions. Sodium nitrite which was added to pickle juice at the rate of 0.1 percent destroyed more than 90 percent of ascaris fresh eggs within 10 days and the embryonated eggs were destroyed within 2 days. Hookworm eggs were destroyed within 3 days and larvae were killed within 7 hours. Thiabendazole which was added to pickle juice at the rate of 0.1-0.025 percent inhibited the infectivity of ascaris embryonated eggs within 24 hours and hookworm eggs were destroyed in the same concentrations of the reagent. Hydrogen ion concentration of pickle juice which was mixed with Sodium nitrite (0.1 percent) was not changed for 10 days. 1.5 mg of Sodium nitrite or Thiabendazole produced no toxicity in kidney and intestine of mice but slight pathological changes in the liver of the same animal.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; thiabendazole ; mouse ; sodium nitrite ; iodine

No abstract available.
Receptors, Antigen*