There are many kinds of instrumentation systems for posterior operation in the treatment of scoliosis. Cotrel-Dubousset (C-D) system is most widly used for its excellent correction potential and stability. However there were some problems in C-D hook system such as hook dislodgement and correction loss. So, in order to reduce these problems we use transpedicular screw system and compare the results between two systems. We studied 44 cases of scoliosis ( hook 19 cases, screw 25 cases) who were operated with C-D instrumentation from February 1988 to August 1995. The average follow-up period was 54 months in hook group and 23 months in screw group. 1. Operation time was 241 minutes in hook group and 223 minutes in screw group. Average amount of transfusion was 5.0 pints in hook group and 4.6 pints in screw group. 2. Involved segments of main curvature were 7.0 in hook group and 6.6 in screw group. 3. Scoliotic curve was changed from 49degrees to 13degrees (73%) in hook group and from 47degrees to 12degrees (74%) in screw group. Loss of correction during follow up period was 7degrees in hook group and 3 in screw group. 4. Thoracic kyphosis was changed from 24degrees to 26degrees in hook group and from 27degrees to 30degrees in screw group. Lumbar lordosis was changed from 26degrees to 29degrees in hook group and from 26degrees to 31degrees in screw group. 5. Correction rate of rotation of apex vertebrae by Pedriolle method was 43% (from 20degrees to 12degrees) in hook group and 50% (from 22degrees to 11degrees) in screw group. 6. Complications were two cases of hook dislodgement, one delayed deep infection and four cases of progression of curvature in hook group and one case of malinsertion of screw and two cases of progression of curvature in screw group. In conclusion, these results suggested that screw system is more effective than hook system on rotational correction of apex vertebra and prevention of loss of correction.
Animals ; Follow-Up Studies ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Scoliosis* ; Spine

Normal C3WHeN strain mice exposed to topical 8inethoxypsomlen plus long wave ultraviolet (PUVA) showed a reduction in contact hypersensitivity, (CH) which was localized to the skin in the area of PUVA treatment (local suppression), whereas systemic PUVA treatment caused diffuse suppression of CH reaction, regardless of the application site of 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB). There seem to be two different mechanisms responsible for CH reduction by PUVA. Local suppression by topical PUVA treatment was thought to be a result of blocking the afferent phase of immune response, it was associated with a lack of CH effector cells in the peripheral lymph nodes and could not be reversed by indomethacin treatment. Diffuse suppression induced by systemic PUVA treatment seemed to be associated with blocking of egress of effector cells from the regional lymph nodes, this depressed CH response was prevented when indomethacin was administered before PUVA treatment.
Animals ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Indomethacin ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Skin

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

Pathology specimen has been collected for purposes of education and research, particularly with respect to basic, developmental and translational studies in many areas of cancer research including molecular biology, immunology, and genetics. Even though no policy or ethical guideline drafted to regulate research tissue bank in Korea, advanced countries has been concerned ethical issues in the collections, storages, specimen transports and informatics for pathology specimen bank. Informed consent and confidentiality for protection of personal data records, which can be directly or indirectly associated with linked data from the donors' point of view, are the key to banking all over the world. The institutional review board (IRB) is important to ensure the scientific and ethical quality of pathologic specimen research. Increasing molecular genetic testing is also resulting in an increased demand of quality control for high quality nucleic acids. Most recently, the use of stored human tissue for education and research has become an object of increased ethical concern in Korea. Korean Association of Pathologists (KAP) has in urgent need of the policies and a standardized operating procedure, regulating a good collection practice of pathology specimen bank.
Allergy and Immunology ; Confidentiality ; Education ; Ethics ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Genetics ; Humans ; Informatics ; Informed Consent ; Korea ; Molecular Biology ; Nucleic Acids ; Pathology* ; Quality Control ; Tissue Banks

After surgical operation in patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM), normal pressure perfusion breakthrough (NPPB) is one of the major complications. Brain perfusion SPECT with acetazolamide stress was known to be useful to evaluate the vascular reserve in several neurological and neurosurgical conditions. The authors performed acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT in patients with AVM and compared the brain perfusion in the post-operative clinical courses. The acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT was helpful in defining the prognosis of the patients with AVM. We describe 4 patients with AVM who had acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT to examine the prognosis.
Acetazolamide* ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Brain* ; Humans ; Perfusion* ; Prognosis* ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to find out the frequency of urinary incontinence among the rural elderly people and its related factors. METHODS: Informations have been obtained through interviews from the 464 rural residents of advanced age over 65 years on September 1st through November 30th, 2007, in Chungnam Province. RESULTS: As for the rate of experiencing urinary incontinence, the group with the experience rate of 'every day' were 9.5% and 'occasionally' 35.5%, with the total of 45.0%. The higher rates of urinary incontinence were in the elderly women(58.5%) than in the elderly men (29.8%), in the more advanced in age, in the higher educated, and in the groups with higher monthly income. Based on life styles, the rate of experiencing urinary incontinence was significantly higher in smoking groups and non-drinking groups. Based on subjective senses of health, it was more highly associated with the groups who reported that they were not healthy, that they concerned themselves about health, that they had physical disability, that they had forgetfulness, and they needed assistance in terms of activity of daily living(ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living(IADL) than their respective counterparts. By the result of multiple logistic regression, sex, age, smoking status, anxiety, physical disability, amnesia, and IADL was indicated the affecting factors to the prevalence of urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: The above results reveal that the rate of urinary incontinence was higher in the elderly women than the elderly men, and in more advanced age. Moreover, its rate increases in the groups with undesirable life styles or lower senses of subjective and physical health conditions. It is highly suggested that efforts to manage urinary incontinence of the elderly need to be narrowed to the more advanced, especially those with lower standards of health conditions.
Aged ; Amnesia ; Anxiety ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Urinary Incontinence

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignant breast tumor, accounting for <1% of all breast cancers. Among them, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histologic subtype.However, primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is less common and more indolent than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and primary MALT lymphoma of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral breast cancer in a 62-year-old woman with primary MALT lymphoma in right braest and contralateral invasive breast cancer in left breast. The patient presented with a palpable right breast lump, which appeared as a noncalcified mass on mammography and an indistinct irregular hypoechoic mass with internal vascularity on breast ultrasonography. The mass was pathologically confirmed by excisional biopsy as primary MALT lymphoma. The patient underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI, which additionally detected a small suspicious mass in the left breast. This was a clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma.

Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignant breast tumor, accounting for <1% of all breast cancers. Among them, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histologic subtype.However, primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is less common and more indolent than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and primary MALT lymphoma of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral breast cancer in a 62-year-old woman with primary MALT lymphoma in right braest and contralateral invasive breast cancer in left breast. The patient presented with a palpable right breast lump, which appeared as a noncalcified mass on mammography and an indistinct irregular hypoechoic mass with internal vascularity on breast ultrasonography. The mass was pathologically confirmed by excisional biopsy as primary MALT lymphoma. The patient underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI, which additionally detected a small suspicious mass in the left breast. This was a clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma.