No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Rhinoplasty

BACKGROUND: Many difficulties exist in establishing a treatment plan for slow-flow vascular malformation (SFVM). In particular, little research has been conducted on the surgical treatment of SFVMs. Thus, we investigated what proportion of SFVM patients were candidates for surgical treatment in clinical practice and how useful surgical treatment was in those patients. METHODS: This study included 109 SFVM patients who received care at the authors' clinic from 2007 to 2015. We classified the patients as operable or non-operable, and analyzed whether the operability and the extent of the excision varied according to the subtype and location of the SFVM. Additionally, we investigated complications and self-assessed satisfaction scores. RESULTS: Of the 109 SFVM patients, 59 (54%) were operable, while 50 (46%) were non-operable. Total excision could be performed in 44% of the operable SFVM patients. Lymphatic malformations were frequently non-operable, while capillary malformations were relatively operable (P=0.042). Total excision of venous malformations could generally be performed, while lymphatic malformations and combined vascular malformations generally could only undergo partial excision (P=0.048). Complications occurred in 11% of the SFVM patients who underwent surgery; these were minor complications, except for 1 case. The average overall satisfaction score was 4.19 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: Based on many years of experience, we found that approximately half (54%) of SFVM patients were able to undergo surgery, and around half (44%) of those patients were able to fully recover after a total excision. Among the patients who underwent surgical treatment, high satisfaction was found overall and relatively few complications were reported.
Capillaries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Malformations*

A technique radiogrequency localization and coagulation of articular nerves supplying the lumbar facets is described and reported from a series of 46 patients with clinical diagnosis of facet syndrome over a 4-year period. None of them had clinical or radiologic evidence of a lumbar disc hrniation, and all had exhausted conservative treatment. The literature reviewed for anatomical accuracies in denervation of the medial branch of posterior primary(dorsal) ramus. The technique of facet denervation is simple and safe and relief of pain was achieved in 78% of the patient, the morbidity remains quite low.
Denervation* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Low Back Pain*

The authors analyzed 52 cases of spinal cord tumor who had been operated upon at the department of neurosurgery of the Koryo General Hospital from 1983 to 1992. The results were summerized as followings: 1) The spinal cord tumor was most common in the 6th decade of age(52 cases, 28.8%) and the ratio of male to female was 1.26:1. 2) The pathologic diagnosis was neurogenic tumor in 25 cases(48.1%), metastatic tumor in 12 cases(23.1%), glial tumor in 6 cases(11.5%), and meningeal tumor in 3 case(5.7%) in order frequency. 3) The tumors were located most frequently in the thoracic area(19 cases, 36.5%) and in the intradural extramedullary space(28 cases, 53.9%). 4) The most common initial presentation was pain(27 cases, 51.9%) and on admission 14 cases(26.9%) showed paraparesis. 5) The rate of abnormality of the plain radiologic study was 59.6% and the most common positive finding was the pedicle erosion(15 cases, 28.8%). 6) The computed tomographic scanning with water soluble contrast media was useful in planning of operation to provide the exact relationship between the tumor, spinal cord and location of dura. 7) The total removal was possible in 27 cases(51.9%). 8) The follow-up results after 19.4 months of the mean follow-up duration in 46 cases were recovery in 29 cases(63.0%), improvement in 12 cases(26.0%), stationary state in 3 cases(6.5%), worse in 2 cases(4.3%). It was excellent particulary in cases of intradural-extramedullary tumor. 9) The incidence of metastatic tumor was 23.1%(12 cases) and the lung was most common primary focus. The follow-up result of metastatic tumor was poor than the other tumors.
Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Neurosurgery ; Paraparesis ; Spinal Cord Neoplasms* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and satisfaction of an online global health education course for medical students in comparison with an in-person of the course and to assess students’ preferences regarding online methods of delivery. Methods: Second-year medical students enrolled in this course in 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (online). The attendance rate, satisfaction in the course evaluation survey, and academic achievement on the written final examination were utilized to compare the two different methods of course delivery. The medical students who took the online course were also asked about their preferences regarding the method of course delivery and the advantages and drawbacks of each method of online lectures. Results: There was no significant difference in the attendance rate and overall satisfaction between the two groups. The mean score on the written examination of the online course (84.1±19.6) showed comparable effects to the in-person course (78.0±18.3). The percentages of students who achieved high performance (55.5%) and the achieved minimum requirement (95.9%) were also maintained compared to the in-person course (14.6% and 93.6%, respectively). Medical students preferred the online course to the in-person course; in particular, they preferred prerecorded videos over live streaming online lectures. Conclusion The participation, satisfaction, and the academic achievement of the online course were comparable to those of the in-person course. However, the greatest drawback of the online course was the lack of interaction between peer learners. Therefore, diverse methods for online education should be considered to increase students’ sense of belonging to a learning community.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and satisfaction of an online global health education course for medical students in comparison with an in-person of the course and to assess students’ preferences regarding online methods of delivery. Methods: Second-year medical students enrolled in this course in 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (online). The attendance rate, satisfaction in the course evaluation survey, and academic achievement on the written final examination were utilized to compare the two different methods of course delivery. The medical students who took the online course were also asked about their preferences regarding the method of course delivery and the advantages and drawbacks of each method of online lectures. Results: There was no significant difference in the attendance rate and overall satisfaction between the two groups. The mean score on the written examination of the online course (84.1±19.6) showed comparable effects to the in-person course (78.0±18.3). The percentages of students who achieved high performance (55.5%) and the achieved minimum requirement (95.9%) were also maintained compared to the in-person course (14.6% and 93.6%, respectively). Medical students preferred the online course to the in-person course; in particular, they preferred prerecorded videos over live streaming online lectures. Conclusion The participation, satisfaction, and the academic achievement of the online course were comparable to those of the in-person course. However, the greatest drawback of the online course was the lack of interaction between peer learners. Therefore, diverse methods for online education should be considered to increase students’ sense of belonging to a learning community.

PURPOSE: We have investigated the prognostic significance of the expression of basal markers for triple-negative (estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative) breast cancers (TNBCs). METHODS: An immunohistochemical study was performed on tissue microarrays constructed with 643 invasive breast carcinoma samples. We subclassified the TNBCs into basal phenotype (BP) and non-BP groups by the use of four different criteria according to the immunprofiles for cytokeratin5/6 (CK5/6), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vimentin, c-Kit, p63 and P-cadherin. The criteria consisted of criterion 1: CK5/6+ only, criterion 2: CK5/6+ and/or EGFR+, criterion 3: CK5/6+ and/or EGFR+ and/or vimentin+ and criterion 4: one or more marker(s) positive among the six basal markers. Each of these criteria, as well as the status of each individual marker, was evaluated to estimate prognosis for TNBC patients. RESULTS: Of the breast carcinomas, 165 cases (25.7%) were TNBCs. As compared with the non-TNBCs, TNBCs were associated with a larger tumor size (p=0.001), higher histological grade (p<0.001) and shorter overall survival (OS) (p=0.002) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.05). Lymph node status, tumor size and expression of EGFR or c-Kit were independent prognostic factors for patients with TNBC. As compared with the non-BP, BP as defined by criterion 2 was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS and DFS among patients with a lymph node metastasis (p=0.044 and p=0.01) and among patients who received anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.009 and p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with TNBCs showed a poorer prognosis as compared to patients with non-TNBCs. Selected group of the basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) defined by the immunohistochemical profiles of basal markers showed survival differences from non-BLBCs in subgroups of TNBCs with a homogeneous clinical finding.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cadherins ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenotype ; Progesterone ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Vimentin

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that is able to infect the host tissue and persist for many years through autoinfection, and it causes life-threatening hyperinfection in immunocompromised hosts. We report here on two cases of strongyloidiasis that were diagnosed by colonoscopic biopsy. One case was a 73-year-old woman who was hospitalized with complaints of melena. She was being treated with corticosteroid due to her asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. The other case was a 63-year-old man who suffered with abdominal discomfort and severe loss of body weight (18 kg) for 2 months. In both cases, colonoscopic examination revealed polyps and petechiae at the entire colon. Microscopically, a small illdefined granuloma with a longitudinally sectioned parasite was seen on the colonoscopic biopsy. Endoscopic examination was done after suspecting parasitic infestation. The gastric and duodenal mucosa showed numerous cross sections of adult worms, eggs and larvae that were developing in crypts. Even if such a patient is in an asymptomatic state, this illness must be treated due to the potential for fatal autoinfection.
Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Asthma ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Biopsy* ; Body Weight ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Eggs ; Female ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Larva ; Melena ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Polyps ; Purpura ; Strongyloides stercoralis ; Strongyloidiasis*