In this study, the feasibility of identification and genotypic differentiation of enteroviruses was investigated by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR), single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Two hundred seventy-four clinical samples were assayed by both nested RT-PCR and tube culture method using MRC-5 and MK cells; 58 (86.6%) out of 67 enterovirus culture-positive samples contained enteroviral RNA. In addition, 114 (55.1%) of 207 samples from patients with suspected enteroviral CNS disease with negative viral cultures were positive by the nested RT-PCR. The nested RT-PCR products were genotyped by the SSCP method and the results were compared with serotypes. We could differentiate 6 subtypes, 3 of which are similar to coxsackievirus B3, B5, echovirus 11, plus 3 other subtypes. RFLP cleaved with Sty I, Bgl I, and Xmn I yielded characteristic patterns for each laboratory strains. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the RT-PCR for the rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection and the potentials of the SSCP method for differentiation of enterovirus strains.
Central Nervous System Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA

No abstract available.
Thrombocytosis*

No abstract available.
Gangwon-do* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The involvement of IGF system in hyperandrogenism and abnormal follicular development is controversial. This study is to assess whether IGF system contribute to it in the women with polycystic ovary(PCO). METHODS: Baseline serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADD), prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I, free IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein(IGFBP)-1, and IGFBP-3 were measured in twelve healthy regularly cycling volunteers and forty-two women with PCO then, the changes of baseline serum levels were evaluated after laparoscopic ovarian electrocauterization in nine PCO patients. In addition, the expression pattern of IGF-I and IGF-II was examined in the ovary of control and PCO group. RESULTS: Baseline levels of LH, ADD, free IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were significantly higher in PCO group. However, there were no significant differences in the levels of free IGF-I and IGFBP-1, although free IGF-I showed decreasing tendency in PCO group. And there was a significant positive correlation between the LH and free IGF-II level in the PCO(P=0.011, r2=0.3899), but not in the control. After ovarian electrocauterization, LH, T, and ADD levels decreased, and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 level increased. While free IGF-II and IGFBP-1 level showed no significant changes. In the ovary, expression of both IGFs showed similar pattern in normal and PCO ovaries. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated IGFBP-3 level may alter the bioavailability of IGF(s) in the PCO. The change in IGF-I level and resumption of ovulation after electrocauterization, suggest a possible role of IGF system in the impairment of follicular development in the PCO.
Androstenedione ; Biological Availability ; Carrier Proteins* ; Estradiol ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Ovary* ; Ovulation ; Prolactin ; Somatomedins* ; Testosterone ; Thyrotropin ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*

No abstract available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Korea* ; Prevalence*

BACKGROUND: Recent times, elderly population increased due to development of medical treatment and extension of the average span of a human life. Hereupon, variable studies and measures for elderly population were made an attempt in the world at large. In medical treatment, an aged person related an institutes begin to vivacious activity for reflection of this national concern. So we survey the transition of internal diseases of the aged in Korea for 10 years lo support the policy of medical treatment. METHODS: In order to access this study, we use data of korea medical insurance coorporation and national statistical office republic of Korea. We classified internal diseases into several diseases by age, and sex. RESULTS: 1. The transition of out-Patients Digestive troubles have the most high prevalence in both men and women, and cardiovascular diseases are become increasing. Endocrine diseases are become increasing also. 2. The transition of in-patients 1) 65-69 years old Neoplastic diseases and digestive diseases are high in men, but cardiovascular disease are become increasing. Digestive diseases are high in women but, cardiovascular disease and endocrine diseases are become increasing. 2) 70-74 years old Cardiovascular diseases are decreased in men and especially in women. 3) Over 75 years old Digestive diseases are decreased in both men and women, endocrine diseases and cardiovascular diseases are increased in women. 3. The transition of the cause of death. The cardiovascular diseases are high in both men and women, and showed decreasing tendency gradually, Neoplastic diseases and endocrine diseases are increasing in steady. CONCLUSION: In our data, the cardiovascular diseases are high especially, in women according to age in the transition of internal diseases of an aged man in Korea, recent 10 years and endocrine diseases are increasing in steady. So, in medical treatment, we must consider many-sided methods to access this population
Academies and Institutes ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Male ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea

Background: An inappropriate Q angle may affect the biomechanics of the canine patellofemoral joint. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of changes in quadriceps angle (Q angle) on patellofemoral joint pressure distribution in dogs. Methods: Eight stifles were positioned at 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120° of flexion in vitro, and 30% body weight was applied through the quadriceps. Patellofemoral contact pressure distribution was mapped and quantified using pressure-sensitive film. For the pressure area, mean pressure, peak pressure, medial peak pressure, and lateral peak pressure, differences between groups according to conditions for changing the Q angle were statistically compared. Results: Increases of 10° of the Q angle result in increases in the pressure area (P = 0.04), mean pressure (P = 0.003), peak pressure, and medial peak pressure (P ≤ 0.01). Increasing the Q angle by 20° increases the pressure area (P = 0.021), mean pressure (P≤ 0.001), peak pressure (P ≤ 0.01), and medial peak pressure (P ≤ 0.01) significantly, and shows higher mean (P ≤ 0.001) and peak pressures than increasing by 10°. Decreasing the Q angle increases the mean pressure (P = 0.013), peak pressure, and lateral peak pressure (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Both increases and decreases in the Q angle were associated with increased peak patellofemoral pressure, which could contribute to the overloading of the cartilage.Therefore, the abnormal Q angle should be corrected to the physiologically normal value during patellar luxation repair and overcorrection should be avoided