The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects on anterior crossbite patients using chin cap and labiolingual arch appliance. In the present study, I statistically evaluated measurement values on a cephalogram before and after treatment form twenty anterior crossbite cases. The results were as follows: 1. In the craniofacial patterns, cranial base increased after treatment. 2. In the maxillo-mandibular relationship, ANB and Facial convexity significantly increased. 3. In the denture patterns, occlusal plane, U1 to FH and Overjet significantly increased. On the contrary overbite decreased significantly. Lower incisors inclined lingually. 4. In the soft tissue profile changes, lower lip protrusion was significantly improved.
Chin ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Mixed ; Dentures ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Malocclusion* ; Overbite ; Skull Base

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of soft tissue profile changes between the growing patients and the adult who had passed the growth peak, in orthodontic treatment with four premolar extraction. The results which was taken by correlating the soft tissue changes with hard tissue changes, lip thickness, molar relationship and arch length discrepancy in both groups was like the followings. 1. Significant hard tissue changes were decrease of VIs, Vii, U1PP, LIMP, HE and increase of HPog' in adults and decrease of Vls, Vii and increase of VA, VPog' and all the vertical measurements in adolescents. 2. Significant soft tissue changes were decrease of VLs, VIJ, and VILS in adults and increase of VSn, VSLS, VLs, VPog' and almost all vertical measurements in adolescents, and delta LsE, delta LiE in adults and delta LsE, delta LiE, delta LiSP and delta Mlang was also significant. 3. Correlation coefficient between delta VIs and delta VLs was the greatest in adults and the next was delta Ii/delta Li, delta Ii/delta ILS, delta ID/delta Li and delta ID/delta ILS. In contrast, al the vertical and horizontal measurements of hard and soft tissue in adolescents showed statistically significant corerlation. 4. There were differences in correlation between soft tissue changes and incisor inclination and retraction at both groups, but the lower lip, nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle were commonly less influenced by the hard tissue changes in both groups. 5. The thinner the upper lip was, the more the delta LsSP was in both groups, and the thinner the lower lip was, the more the delta LiE and delta LiSP was in adolescents. 6. Molar relationship didn't influence the soft tissue profile changes. 7. Arch length discrepancy didn't influence the soft tissue profile changes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bicuspid* ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Molar

OBJECTIVE: Study was designed preliminarily to observe the accordance of caregivers strain and depression with other factors such as sex of the patient, caregiver, lesion side, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score and Beck's Depression Index (BDI). METHOD: We composed a questionnaire with BDI, and the Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) in order to evaluate the amount of stress and depression of caregivers. Evaluation of the patient was done by interviewing them along with reviewing their medical records and obtaining scores such as the MMSE, Functional Inependence Index (FIM) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS: BDI of the caregivers showed a negative correlation with the patients' age. Lesion side nor age, nor the prevalence of hemiplegia of patients did not show statistical relevance with the strain that the caregiver felt. The first subscale of SCQ showed a positive correlation with the caregiving time that the caregiver gave. In accordance to the sex of the caregiver, females showed to spend more time with the patient, showed to be more unsatisfied with the patient but showed a tendency of lesser SCQ score. CONCLUSION: Depression, strain and burden that the caregivers went through showed to have slight correlation with the patient and caregiver factors.
Caregivers* ; Depression* ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mental Competency ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sinusitis is one of the most commonly reported diseases in the world. A network of inflammatory mediators is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis and nasal mucus secretion may also be under the control of an inflammatory mediator network. To date, 12 human mucin genes have been identified; however, the regulation of MUC8 has not yet been found out. In this study, we described the regulation of the MUC8 mRNA expression by inflammatory mediators and investigated its cellular location. MATERIALS AND METHOD: MUC8 mRNA and MUC5AC mRNA were detected in culture using passage-2 normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells after the treatment with a mixture of following inflammatory mediators; TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS, IL-4, PAF. The translocation of MUC8 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was investigated by treating the inflammatory mediators with in situ hybridization. RESULTS: We found that a mixture of inflammatory mediators increased the MUC8 mRNA expression but decreased the MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured normal human nasal epithelial cells. Among the inflammatory mediators, Interleukin-4 was responsible for the decrease in the MUC5AC mRNA expression and the MUC5AC mucin secretion. We also found that MUC8 mRNA resides in the nucleus of goblet cells and is transported into the cytoplasm following the treatment with inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that MUC8 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of mucus hypersecretion in chronic sinusitis.
Cytokines* ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells* ; Goblet Cells ; Humans* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interleukin-4 ; Mucins ; Mucus ; RNA, Messenger ; Sinusitis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The extraction for orthodontic treatment can be adopted for aligning crowded dentition, improving facial esthetics and solving a skeletal discrepancy as alternative for a surgical option. Mandibular second premolar extraction was often selected as treatment plan when there are very little or no space shortage in lower arch or limited retraction of the lower incisors was required. The primary object of this study was evaluate a pretreatment condition and examine the amount of tooth movement for a mandibular second premolar extraction in growing patients. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 14 cases that had their four first premolar extracted (4/4 group), 15 cases with upper first and lower second premolar extraction (4/5 group) were selected. Structural method superimposition was conducted to evaluate a difference of dental change between 4/4 and 4/5 group. The results were as follows, 1. Pretreatment factor for 4/4 extraction or 4/5 extraction choice included maxillary incisor axis to occlusal plane, Class II molar relationship, IMPA and interincisal angle. 2. The amount of molar anterior movement in 4/5 group was greater than that of 4/4 group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between 4/4 group and 4/5 group in aspects of maxillary tooth movement(p<0.05).
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid* ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Incisor ; Molar ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of the accompanying amblyopia and strabismus in patients with anisometropia. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 193 patients, who had either spherical or cylindrical anisometropia of more than 1.00D. Patients were divided into four groups: spherical hyperopic anisometropia, spherical myopic anisometropia, cylindrical hyperopic anisometropia, and cylindrical myopic anisometropia. We investigated the accompanying amblyopia and strabismus. Amblyopia was treated with lens correction and patch therapy and we analyzed the results for 78 patients who fulfilled six-month follow-up examinations. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of amblyopia between spherical and cylindrical anisometropia. Spherical myopic anisometropia of more than 3.00D showed a significant increase in the incidence of amblyopia (p=0.001). Spherical hyperopic anisometropia of more than 1.00D, cylindrical hyperopic anisometropia of more than 2.00D, and cylindrical myopic anisometropia of more than 2.00D showed an increased tendency for amblyopia. Between spherical and cylindrical anisometropia, there were no significant differences in the results and duration of amblyopia treatment, and type and frequency of strabismus. CONCLUSIONS: In spherical anisometropia, hyperopic anisometropia has a higher risk for developing amblyopia. We could find the threshold for the development of amblyopia.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

A retrospective analysis was made of 20 patients with pineal region tumors who were treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Armed Forces General Hospital between May of 1987 and March of 1993. We performed ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in 17 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in 7 patients before irradiation and 13 patients underwent irradiation without histological diagnosis. Among 7 biopsy-proven cases, 5 were germinoma, one was mixed germ cell tumor and another one was astrocytoma. The response to irradiation and tumor marker study revealed that 13 patients who did not have tissue diagnosis seemed to be germinomatous, non-germinomatous germ cell tumors and endodermal sinus tumor. So, the following results were obtained. 1) The patients were all young males. 2) The main presenting symptoms and signs were headache, vomiting and papilledema. 3) The tumors were mainly presented as a round well-enhancing masses with calcification. 4) Based on the classification of pineal tumor, germinoma was predominant tumor type. 5) The extrapineal metastasis was found in 5 cases(25.0%). 6) The tumor marker (alpha-FP or HCG) was positive in 5 cases(25.0%). 7) Germinoma showed excellent prognosis after the irradiation.
Arm ; Astrocytoma ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Germinoma ; Headache ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Neurosurgery ; Papilledema ; Pinealoma ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography (CT), rather than conventional 2-dimensional radiography, was used to scan and measure pelvic parameters. The results were compared with measurements using X-ray. METHODS: Pelvic parameters were measured using both CT and X-ray in 254 patients who underwent both abdomino-pelvic CT and X-ray at the pelvic site. We assessed the similarity of the pelvic parameters between the 2 exams, as well as the correlations of pelvic parameters with sex and age. RESULTS: The mean values of the subjects’ pelvic parameters measured on X-ray were: sacral slope (SS), 31.6°; pelvic tilt (PT), 18.6°; and pelvic incidence (PI), 50.2°. The mean values measured on CT were: SS, 35.1°; PT, 11.9°; and PI, 47.0°. PT was found to be 4.07° higher on X-ray and 2.98° higher on CT in women, with these differences being statistically significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). PI was 4.10° higher on X-ray and 2.78° higher on CT in women, with these differences also being statistically significant (p < 0.001, p=0.009). We also observed a correlation between age and PI. For men, this correlation coefficient was 0.199 measured using X-ray and 0.184 measured using CT. For women, this correlation coefficient was 0.423 measured using X-ray and 0.372 measured using CT. CONCLUSION: When measured using CT compared to X-ray, SS increased by 3.5°, PT decreased by 6.7°, and PI decreased by 3.2°. There were also statistically significant differences in PT and PI between male and female subjects, while PI was found to increase with age.
Age Factors ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Male ; Posture* ; Radiography ; Sex Factors