BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation commonly results in sympathetic stimulation manifested by increased heart rate and arterial blood pressure. This study was carried out to determine whether lightwand would result in less hemodynamic changes than direct laryngoscopy. METHODS: With informed consent, fourty healthy female patients scheduled of elective surgical procedures were randomly allocated into two groups; lightwand (LW) or direct laryngoscopy (DL) group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded upon arrival. Under a standardized anesthetic technique, the patients were intubated either with no. 3 curved blade direct laryngoscopy (DL group) or with lightwand (LW group). The MAP and HR were recorded before intubation and every 1 minutes following intubaion. Time to intubation (TTI) was also recorded. All patients were intubated by a same fourth grade resident. RESULTS: Fourty patients were studied. Every intubation was successed in first attempt. The TTI was significantly shorter in LW group. Even while there was no significant difference in HR changes, there was significant difference in the increase of MAP following intubation. The increase of MAP was significantly greater with DL than with LW. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that lightwand intubation requires shorter TTI and may give rise to less blood pressure change than direct laryngoscopy. So we found no difference in disadvantage and may offers advantage in terms of hemodynamic stability.
Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Surgical Procedures, Elective

The pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease is based on symptomatic therapy of cognitive decline and behavioral problems. Numerous therapies have been investigated for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. We reviewed the current evidence-based medical research and guidelines of treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) inhibitors can bring about significant but modest therapeutic improvement. There is insufficient evidence to recommend vitamine E, estrogen, ginko biloba, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This article reviews the available data on current pharmacological treatments through evidence-based medicine.
Alzheimer Disease ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Estrogens ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Ginkgo biloba ; Memantine ; N-Methylaspartate ; Vitamins

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism are very various and these degree are related to the severity and duration of the disease. Pericardial effusions, one of the manifestations of hypothy-roidism, were relatively common in the past. However, recently they may not be so frequent representative of hypothyroid subjects. The higher frequency of Hashimotos thyroiditis in Turners syndrome, especially those with an X-isochromosome, compared with the general population is well known. The pathophysiological process of autoimmunity is thought to be linked with the presence of an abnormal X-chromosome. Recently we experienced a case of X-isochromosome Turners syndrome with hypothyroidism and pericardial effusion and report it with reviews of the literatures.
Autoimmunity ; Hypothyroidism* ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Turner Syndrome*

The epidermoid cyst is formed as the result of inclusion of epithelial elements at the time of closure of the neural tube. The incidence of this tumor is less than 3% of all spinal canal tumors in children, The authors have experienced a 6-year old child with intraspinal epidermoid cyst which presented with symptom of back and abdominal pain. The magnetic resonance imaging study showed intraspinal mass lesion from level of T12 to S1. The patient had no history of previous lumbar puncture. We have removed totally the pearly-like intradural mass with laminoplastic laminotomy from T12 to L5. The pathological findings were compatible with epidermoid cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful without any neurologic deficit. Characteristics of this lesion with a pertinent literature is reviewed.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Tube ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Puncture

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the uroflow parameters of the pregnant women before delivery and immediate postpartum period. METHODS: Forty four patients delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery (NVD group) and 46 patients by Cesarean section (C/SEC group) and 28 non-pregnant young women (Control group) were included in this study. Uroflow were checked 1 day before and 2 days after delivery by Jupiter 8000 (FM Wiest(R)) uroflowmetry. Mean value of the uroflow parameters in each group was compared using ANOVA t-test. For continuous data, linear associations with each of the uroflow parameters were assessed using a Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Maximal (18.48+/-5.21 mL/sec) and mean flow rate (9.45+/-3.73 mL/sec) of pregnant women were lower than control group (22.75+/-5.14 mL/sec), and were not changed after delivery (18.79+/-6.03 mL/ sec). Total flow time of pregnant woman (14.06+/-6.09 sec) was longer than control group (8.05+/-5.32 sec) before delivery, and increased after delivery especially after cesarean delivery. Time to peak flow of pregnant women (8.44+/-9.48 sec) was shorter than control group (16.33+/-6.11 sec) before delivery, and was similar to control group after delivery. Total voided volume (121.39+/-50.17 mL) was less than control group before delivery, and was increased after delivery (246.77+/-127.42 mL). Total voided volume after delivery was not different with control group statistically. CONCLUSION: There was no statistically differences before and after delivery in maximal flow rate, but was lower than non-pregnant women. Total flow time was much prolonged after delivery, especially after cesarean delivery. Time to peak flow and voided volume were restored to levels of non-pregnant women after delivery.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

Mixed mullerian tumors are uncommon tumor and highly malignant containing epithelial and mesenchymal component. Most of these tumors arise spontaneously in the sixth to eight decades of life, but a certain proportion are known to occur in women who have received pelvic irradiation from five to 30 years before for benign or malignant disease. This apparent association has led to the belief that pelvic irradiation somewhat increase the neoplastic potential of the uterine corpus, although the precise role of irradiation in the genesis of uterine neoplasia remain uncertain. We experienced one case of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of uterus developed after pelvic irradiation. So we report the case with a brief review of literature.
Female ; Humans ; Uterus*

No abstract available.
Dexamethasone* ; Prognosis*

The number of reported varicella cases is continuously increasing in Korea; however, associated medical utilization is declining. The ratio between varicella insurance claims and reports of passive infectious disease surveillance has gradually increased to > 80% since the second half of 2017. The recent increase in reported varicella cases is influenced by improved reporting. We calculated the varicella incidence and cumulative incidence in each birth cohort according to age. The cumulative incidence rate among children aged < 6 years in the birth cohort born after the National Immunization Program introduced the varicella vaccine was about 60% lower than among children born before
Chickenpox Vaccine ; Chickenpox ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Insurance ; Korea ; Parturition

OBJECTIVES: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a syndrome defined as the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 years that is characterized by amenorrhoea associated with elevated gonadotropin levels. The aim of this study was to compare clinical manifestation of primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea group. METHODS: This study was designed as a retrospective multicenter study of 262 women with premature ovarian failure. Sixty eight women with primary amenorrhea and 194 women with secondary amenorrhea were evaluated and hormonal level, lipid profile, bone mineral density, and pregnancy rates were compared. RESULTS: The estradiol level was markedly lower in primary amenorrhea than secondary amenorrhea. The pregnancy rate of 43.3% before the diagnosis in secondary amenorrhea was markedly higher than the rate of 0% in primary amenorrhea. The pregnancy rates after treatment was 5.9% in primary amenorrhea, but 1.0% after diagnosis and 2.8% after treatment in secondary amenorrhea. The pregnancy rate after hormonal treatment was 3.7% in total, 8.3% in primary amenorrhea, and 2.8% in secondary amenorrhea. In nine cases of pregnancy, seven cases were after estrogen-progestin (EP), one case was after clomiphene citrate and one case was after EP/human menopausal gonodotropin (hMG). And In nine cases of pregnancy, six cases resulted from oocyte donation. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis was markedly higher in primary amenorrhea than in secondary amenorrhea. CONCLUSION: Premature ovarian failure has negative influences on the physical and psychological health of young patients. Effective management should include earlier diagnosis and intensive medical intervention to relieve symptoms of estrogen deficiency and to treat long-term disease such as osteoporosis and in assisted pregnancy by oocyte donation.
Amenorrhea ; Bone Density ; Clomiphene ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocyte Donation ; Osteoporosis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prevalence ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies