Twenty cases of the rheumatoid arthritis was carried out the histopathological observation from the affected synovial membrane at the knee joint by the Cops biopsy needle, at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital. The authors researched the difference to compare with the histological finding and its clinical features. The following results were obtained. 1. The average age was 36.9 years old and the sex ratio between the male and female was 1:2.7. 2. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and protein amont in the synovial fluid was elevated than the normal value. 3. The most common clinical sign was the morning stiffness with multiple joint pain and moderate swelling, tenderess in the involved joint. 4. The test of rheumatoid factors revealed positive about 70% in the serum and 100% in the joint fluid. 5. The characteristic histological finding on the light microscopical examination was the hyperplasia of surface lining cells, deposition of the fibrin with the fibrinoid necrosis, and vascular hypertrophic changes of the blood vessel in all of those cases. 6. The histological finding had no difference to compare with the clinical course.
Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Blood Sedimentation ; Blood Vessels ; Female ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Male ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Orthopedics ; Reference Values ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Sex Ratio ; Synovial Fluid ; Synovial Membrane

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A. uthors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast s0nography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. RESULTS: Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initiaJ, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Medical Records ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography* ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

No abstract available.
Hypnotics and Sedatives*

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of GnRH analogue on pain treatment after laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma. METHODS: During a 12-month period from March 2000 to February 2001 in Chonnam National University Hospital, Sixty five patients with ovarian cysts were diagnosed as endometrioma by clinical examination, ultrasonogram and serum CA 125 level. The laparoscopic cystectomy was performed and 65 consecutive women were biopsy-proved endometrioma. They were treated with GnRH analogue intramuscular injection every 4 weeks over a period of 6 months after operation. 10-point linear visual analogue scales for pelvic pain were completed pre- and post- treatment at 6 months and 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 96 endometriotic cysts (21 cysts were bilateral) were found in the 65 patients. 65 patients had a pain associated with endometriosis. 40 patients of them complained of a dysmenorrhea, 14 patients for dyspareunia, and 24 patients for non-menstrual pain. At preoperative, the mean pain score was 5.85 +/- 2.28 (mean +/- SD) for dysmenorrhea; for dyspareunia, 5.29 +/- 1.49; for non-menstrual pain, 5.33 +/- 2.10. At 6 months and 12 months, the mean pain score was 3.20 +/- 1.68 and 2.42 +/- 1.9 for dysmenorrhea; for dyspareunia, 3.71 +/- 1.73 and 3.57 +/- 1.79; for non-menstrual pain, 3.63 +/- 2.26 and 3.29 +/- 1.97. The mean pain score for pelvic pain decreased after combined treatment. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic cystectomy of ovarian endometrioma is an effective treatment for pelvic pain and the combination therapy with GnRH analogue is more useful to relieving pelvic pain after operation.
Cystectomy* ; Dysmenorrhea ; Dyspareunia ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Jeollanam-do ; Ovarian Cysts ; Pelvic Pain ; Ultrasonography ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate possibility of simplified hysteroscopic operation instead of resectoscopic operation on OPD basis for sumucosal myoma with small pedicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On twenty five patients, who diagnosed submucosal myoma with small pedicle by sonohysterogram and diagnostic hysteroscopy, simplified hyteroscopic operations were performed on OPD. Used expanding media was normal saline. At first, pedicle was incised by hysteroscopic scissors and myoma mass was dissected by pushing of scope. After dissection of myoma mass, remained pedicle was cut by hysteroscopic scissors. The bleeding from cut pedicle site was controlled by bipolar coagulation. Cut myoma mass was removed to outside of uterus by ring forceps. However if removal of myoma mass is failed, let it in uterine cavity and it is removed at second-look hysteroscopy 1 month later after degeneration. RESULTS: On 1 of 25 patients, cutting of pedicle was failed due to fundal invisible pedicle on hysteroscopic view. On 20 of 24 patients, pedicles were completely cut. On 12 of these 20 patients, myoma masses were completely removed to outside of uterus by grasping forceps. However on remained 8 of 20 patients, myoma mass was removed easily on second-look hysteroscopy 1 month later due to shrinkage of mass. On 4 of 24 patients, pedicles were not cut completely due to large submucosal myoma. They were removed also easily on second-look hysteroscopy. Postoperative bleeding from cutting pedicle was surprisingly minimal in most cases and moderate bleeding was only in 3 cases. Severe bleeding case was not observed. Preoperative GnRH agonist therapy had not so big benefit due to these minimal to moderate postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSION: Therefore simplified hysteroscopic operation on OPD basis for submucosal myoma with small pedicle should be considered before resectoscopic operation, because this simplified hysteroscopic operation has many benefit economically and psychologically to patients on submucosal myoma with small pedicle. It is better that resectoscopic operation is performed in failed case of this simplified operation.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Hand Strength ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy* ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Myoma ; Surgical Instruments ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Ileum*

TGF-p receptor mutation is now considered as one of the carcinogenic process of many tumors. To evaluate whether there is an abnormality in TGF-p type II receptor in osteosarcoma cell lines, we performed Northern analysis, cross-linking assay, luciferase activity and TGF-p growth inhibition assay in four osteosarcoma cell lines: G292, U202, HOS and SaOS. We also transfected the tumor cells with normal TGF-p type II receptor sequence to find if there is a possibility of gene therapy in osteosarcoma. In Northern analysis, Type II receptor expressions were decreased at SaOS, U202 and HOS cell lines. In cross-linking assay, all four cell lines didnt show type II receptor at their cell surface. The growth of these tumor cells were not suppressed by TGF-p. From these findings, we concluded that the normal production of TGF-p type II receptor was impaired in osteosarcoma. The transfection of these tumor cells with normal type II receptor sequence restored growth inhibition by TGF-p. This means even though TGF-p type II receptor is abnormal in osteosarcoma, we can restore its function by transfection of normal sequence. We think that the TGF-p type Il receptor gene therapy can be one of the treatment method for osteosarcoma in the future.
Cell Line* ; Genetic Therapy ; Luciferases ; Osteosarcoma* ; Transfection

PURPOSE: To get the data for public information and education of medical students about radiation therapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the knowledge and attitudes towards the RT and cancer in the third grade medical students who did not receive a lecture before starting the poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school. We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: More than half of the third grade medical students answered 1 question correctly and 5 questions incorrectly among 6 questions about knowledge of RT. Incorrect answers were done about the frequency of RT, hair loss, the period of RT, re-RT, cost of RT. Fifty-six percent of students didn't wish to prolong the survival time from 1 year to 3 years with long courses of chemotherapy and RT. They had bad images about cancer of colorectum, lung, esophagus, liver, breast, cervix which consist of 56.3% of patients receiving RT. CONCLUSION: Public information about the basic points of RT should be considered. Also the students showed the pessimism about the anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy and RT, so the exact results and positive aspects of anticancer treatment should be educated more. Especially it is needed to inform the students and the public the positive aspects of RT in some cancers (colorectal, lung, esophageal, hepatic, breast, cervix cancers) which the students had bad images about.
Breast ; Cervix Uteri ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Esophagus ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiation Oncology ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: Transrectal prostate biopsy(TR biopsy) is a definitive diagnostic procedure which is performed on patients who have DRE abnormalities or high PSA. However, TR biopsy can cause major complications such as urosepsis. In addition, there is no curative treatment for advanced prostate cancer(CaP). In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection by serum PSA level in CaP patients and assessed whether TR biopsy could be omitted in advanced CaP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred patients who underwent TR biopsy due to high PSA or DRE abnormalities were included. The patients who had either pyuria, acute urinary retention, or history of indwelling catheterization were excluded. Through review of the medical records, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of cancer detection per 5ng/ml increase of PSA level. Cancer advance was assessed through radical prostatectomy and radiologic findings. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients had CaP and mean PSA was 124.0ng/ml. Among the 30 patients with tPSA above 55ng/ml, 29 had CaP and all these patients had advanced CaP in bone scan, MRI, CT and pathology of radical prostatectomy specimen. For PSA above 55ng/ml, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values were 30.2%, 99.5% and 96.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that PSA above 55ng/mL was 96.7% accurate in predicting the presence of CaP and that all the detected cancers were advanced or metastatic ones. As TR biopsy can be an invasive procedure in debilitated patients, it can be omitted in patients aged 75 or older with PSA above 55ng/mL, especially in case of positive bone scan findings.
Biopsy* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Pathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Pyuria ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Urinary Retention