PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the ego-resilience and social support on the depression among hospital nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and depression of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean scores of ego-resilience, social support and depression were 42.6, 28.3 and 14.1, respectively. When scores of ego-resilience and social support were high, the level of mild and major depression of subjects decreased. The influencing factors of depression level were the department of work, ego-resilience and social support. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve ego-resilience and social support might be useful. Further study is required to justify the scale on ego-resilience and social support.
Depression ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Mutations in the p53 gene seem to be the most common genetic changes in human malignancies. Mutation or altered p53 expression is a common occurrence in many solid neoplasms, including head and neck carcinomas. Recent studies have also shown p53 alterations in several premalignant conditions of the colon, esophagus, lung, and brain. Preliminary data have suggested that p53 mutations may be involved in tumor progression. This study was performed to determine the incidence of p53 mutations in histologically 27 squamous cell carcinomas, 19 basal cell carcinomas, 18 Schneiderian papillomas, 3 Schneiderian papillomas with malignant transformation, and 15 pleomorphic adenomas of the head and neck region. The degree of p53 gene overexpression was also evaluated according to differentiation, histologic type of tumor, and tumor progression in the head and neck carcinomas. The results were as follows; 1) Eighteen of 27 squamous cell carcinomas, and 4 of 27 dysplasias adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck expressed p53 protein, but none of the normal control specimens expressed detectable p53 protein. There was no relationship between differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and p53 protein expression. 2) Twelve of 19 basal cell carcinomas expressed p53 protein; the adenoid type especially overexpressed p53 protein. 3) Nine of 15 pleomorphic adenomas expressed p53 protein especially in the epithelial components. 4) Thirteen of 18 Schneiderian papillomas and all Schneiderian papillomas with malignant transformation expressed p53 protein. The above results indicate that the p53 protein expression is a useful tool for the prediction of tumor progression in the head and neck tumor, but there was no relationship between the differentiation of the tumor and p53 protein expression.
Humans ; Incidence ; Adenoma ; Genes, p53

No abstract available.
Agammaglobulinemia*

BACKGROUND: In eczematous skin it is expected that altered defense mechanisms are employed against an injury, which mechanisms include alterations in the stratum corneum barrier function and lipid contents. OBJECTIVE: To investigaten aspect of pathophysiology of hand eczema by comparing the water holding capacities and transepidermal water loss(TEWL) after injuries on the skin and by comparing the epidermal lipid contents between hand eczema and normal subjects. METHODS: The water holding capacities were checked by corneometer, and the TEWL were checked after epidermal barrie! destruction with acetone or adhesive tapes. The epidermal lipids were extracted with acetone, ther (1: 1 v/v) mixture solvent and analysed by HP- TLC. RESULTS: The water holdingapacities were decreased in eczema of the palm, but the recoveries of TEWL and the lipid content did not differ between hand eczema and normal subjects. CONCLUSION: The water holding capacities were decreased in the eczematous skin. But there were no significant differencies in the recovery of destructed epidermal barrier and the epidermal lipid contents.
Acetone ; Adhesives ; Defense Mechanisms ; Eczema* ; Hand* ; Skin ; Water

We report a case of drug eruption and liver damage due to diaminodiphenyl suIfone(DDS) ingestion in a 17-year-old female. This patient had taken DDS for 20 days, 100mg-200mg daily to treat an unknown skin disease. Thereafter, she had generalized erythematous eruption on whole body, icteric sclera and fever. Liver function test showed abnormality (SGOT 514 unit, SGPT 710 unit, alkarine phosphotase 4. 3 B.U., total biIirubin 7. Oml/dl, direct bilirubin 4. 8mg/dl). The adverse reactiions to DDS are gastrointestinal intolerance, hemolytic, anemia, methemoglobinemia, agranulocytoais, hepatitis, neuritis, psychosis and a skin rash described as a fixed drug eruption, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis. In Korea, DDS has been used for the treatment of skin diseases of various types for a long time without prescription, especially in rural areas. This trend is a significant sociomediical problem in Korea.
Adolescent ; Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia ; Bilirubin ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Drug Eruptions* ; Eating ; Erythema Multiforme ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver* ; Methemoglobinemia ; Neuritis ; Prescriptions ; Psychotic Disorders ; Sclera ; Skin Diseases ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

We investigated a unilocular mammary cyst occurring in a two and a half year old male baby. The cyst was lined by simple columnar epithelium and filled with a milky secretory material. These histologic features were consistent with galactocele. The child had enlarged left breast since birth, but it seemed to be noncontributory as the child had neither endocrine abnormalities nor perinatal disorders. Galactocele is an uncommon breast lesion usually occuring in females following lactation. It is rarely a cause of breast enlargement.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cysts

Bullous pemphigoid(BP) and herpes gestationis(HG) are subepidermal bullous diseases which show clinical and immunological similarities. Both diseases show immune deposits along the basement membrane zone and their autoantibodies bind a common antigenic site within the non-collagenous stretch of the 180 kDa BPAG2 ectodomain. Besides its association with pregnancy, HG has some characteristic features that distinguish it from BP. The serum of patients with HG often contains an IgG that avidly fixes complement, and showes IgG1 subclass predominance. We report here two cases of non-pregnant young women presenting clinical and histological features of bullous pemphigoid or herpes gestationis. The immunopathology, IgG subtyping and immunoblotting studies showed that the autoantibodies in the patients were the characteristic ones of herpes gestationis. The patients might be a subtype of BP that have characteristics of autoantibodies of HG patients.
Autoantibodies* ; Basement Membrane ; Complement System Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin G ; Pemphigoid Gestationis* ; Pemphigoid, Bullous* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Occupational Health*

Primary ovarian pregnancy is one of the rerest types of extrauterine pregnancy. But an increase in the reported prevalence of ovarian pregnancies was published in recent years. Three cases of ovarian pregnancy which have Spiegelberg criteria are presented with a brief review of literatures.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND: Phantom limb sensation is an unusual position sense of the extremity during nerve block that the position of extremity is misinterpreted as being flexed, or elevated, when actually they are in neutral position. Whether it is from the fixation of proprioceptive input at the time of motor blockade or from unmasking of the pattern which has been already present in the CNS is still controversial. We perfomed this study under the assumption that phantom limb sensation can still be reproduced without the influence of position at the time of nerve blockade. METHODS: Thirty-six patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery were randomly assigned. For 26 patients, spinal anesthesia was performed with hyperbaric 0.5% tetracaine or bupivacaine at lateral decubitus position and the position was changed to supine immediately. Existence of phantom limb sensation and the level of anesthesia was recorded at 10 and 20 minutes after injection of local anesthetics. For 10 patients, same local anesthetics were injected after patient's legs were straightened in lateral decubitus position. RESULTS: Forteen out of 26 patients whose position were changed to supine immediately after the injection of local anesthetics experienced phantom limb sensations. Five out of 10 patients whose legs were kept straight before the injection of local anesthetics experienced phantom limb sensations. Previous history of trauma was positively related to the expression of phantom limb sensation. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the expression of phantom limb sensation is reproducible. And this was not related to the position at the time of spinal anesthesia. Trauma seems to be an important factor related to the expression of phantom limb sensation.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Extremities ; Humans ; Leg ; Nerve Block ; Orthopedics ; Phantom Limb* ; Proprioception ; Sensation* ; Tetracaine