Since the discovery of hepatitis B virus as one of the causes of hepatitis, liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, many hepatitis B viral markers that appear in infected individuals have been discovered and many efforts to understand the relationship between the emergence of viral markers and the progression of hepatitis have been performed. Gudat (1975) compared the expression of HBcAg and HBsAg in various conditions and stages of hepatitis but the pattern of expression of viral markers and its significance have not been understood. Recently it was found by mierocytotoxicity assay that HBcAg might be the target of T lymphocytes. This study attempted to identify any correlation of the tissue expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg with the histologic activity of 46 cases of liver cirrhosis using immunohistochemical staining. The expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg in relation to the nodular size and positivity of serum HBeAg were also compared. The results were as follows; 1) The expression rate of HBcAg in the liver was 41.3% (19/46). and that of HBsAg was 67.4% (31/46). 2) The histologic activity of liver cirrhosis appeared to be correlated with the expression of HBcAg, especially cytoplasmic HBcAg. 3) The positivity of serum HBeAg was significantly higher in active liver cirrhosis. 4) There was no relationship between the tissue expression of HBsAg and the histologic activity of liver cirrhosis. relationship existed between the nodular size and expression rate and pattern of HBcAg and HBsAg. This study suggests that the tissue HBcAg, especially the cytoplasmic HBcAg is the most likely factor determining the histologic activity of liver cirrhosis, and that the cytoplasmic HBcAg may be the ultimate cause and target of most host immune response.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Colonic sarcomatoid carcinomas are known to be extremely rare tumors, with only 22 cases reported either as sarcomatoid carcinomas or carcinosarcomas in the literature. The known characteristics are rapid growth, a high recurrence rate, and an extremely poor prognosis. Herein we report a case of a patient who had a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and died only 22 days after surgery due to rapid tumor growth.
Carcinosarcoma ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Unstable microsatellite repeat sequences or DNA replication errors(RER) due to defective mismatch repair genes have been reported in a subset of sporadic colorectal tumors and in most tumors of patients of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma(HNPCC). To elucidate the clinicopathological correlation of these RER-positive cancers, we examined 16 cases of colorectal carcinoma of different histologic subtypes(6 cases of carcinoma with no gland formation, 5 cases of mucinous carcinoma and 5 cases of gland forming carcinoma). We detected RER in five cases. The patients with RER-positive cancers had a marked preponderance of carcinoma with no gland formations out of 6 carcinomas with no gland formation were RER-positive cancers) and of cancers proximal to splenic flexure(all of the RER-positive cases were proximal colon carcinomas). We conclude that RER-positive cancers have wiique pathologic features that may be useful for the screening and counselling of patients with hereditary colon cancers.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common in patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), and may ref lect exacerbation of mucosal inf lammation and/or administration of immunosuppressants. The question of whether CMV is an active pathogen or ‘an innocent bystander’ in the exacerbation of UC remains controversial. Patients with UC exacerbated by reactivated CMV experience worse prognoses than those without CMV reactivation and antiviral therapy significantly reduces the need for colectomy in patients with severe UC and high-grade CMV infection, indicating that CMV plays a role in UC prognosis. Therefore, the CMV status of patients on immunosuppressants, particularly those with steroid-refractory or -dependent UC, should be tested. When CMV is detected, be performed based on should adequate treatment the extent of the viral load and the presence of certain clinical features including a large ulcer. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents may be useful for treating CMV colitis complicating UC.
Colectomy ; Colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Ulcer* ; Viral Load

We investigated a unilocular mammary cyst occurring in a two and a half year old male baby. The cyst was lined by simple columnar epithelium and filled with a milky secretory material. These histologic features were consistent with galactocele. The child had enlarged left breast since birth, but it seemed to be noncontributory as the child had neither endocrine abnormalities nor perinatal disorders. Galactocele is an uncommon breast lesion usually occuring in females following lactation. It is rarely a cause of breast enlargement.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Cysts

No abstract available.
Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Carcinoma, Papillary/*diagnosis/pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*diagnosis/parasitology/pathology ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*diagnosis/parasitology/pathology ; Clonorchiasis/*complications/pathology ; Clonorchis sinensis/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Bile Duct Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*diagnosis/pathology ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*diagnosis/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mixed Tumor, Malignant/*diagnosis/pathology