STUDY DESIGN: Thirteen patients with cervical interlocked facets dislocation in whom closed reduction by skull traction was failed were evaluated about the patterns of ruptured disc fragment. Objects : To evaluate the causes of failure at closed reduction, and the relation between ruptured discs and interlocked facets, and the treatment results through an anterior approach. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: In traumatic dislocation of the cervical facet joints, spinal cord or nerve roots injury associated with the ruptured disc fragment has been reported. However, there is few report evaluating the patterns of ruptured disc fragment as a cause of reduction failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1988 and 1997, thirteen patients were treated by anterior fusion with plate after complete removal of the intervertebral disc through anterior approach and reduction of interlocked facets by O1iveira method. They have been followed for an average of 36 months(range : 12-96 months). The interlocking was bilateral in seven cases and unilateral in six cases. We assessed the types of ruptured disc fragment by preoperative MRI and CT and the clinical and radiological results. RESULTS: Ruptured disc fragment was found in all thirteen patients with interlocked facets dislocation. The patterns of ruptured discs were within the uncovertebral joints in 5 cases, posterioly under the posterior longitudinal ligament in 3 cases, anteriorly under intact anterior longitudinal ligament in 3 cases and combined under the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament in 2 cases. The displacement of ruptured disc fragment were seemed to be the cause of failure in closed reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Intervertebral disc injury should be evaluated carefully with MRI and CT in the lower cervical interlocked facet dislocations before trial of reduction or decision makings of treatment.
Dislocations* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Joints ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Skull ; Spinal Cord ; Spine* ; Traction ; Zygapophyseal Joint

No abstract available.
Adrenalectomy*

While there have been not a few reports on the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Korea, most of them, however, have had several limitations; operational definition of HBV infection, validity of detection methods of HBV serologic markers, size of the study population, and confirmation of the vaccination history against HBV, etc. In order to avoid such limitations, authors randomly selected 1,495 healthy adults among the 217,511 insured (target population) of Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, living in seoul, and tested HBV(HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc) of all the subjects were tested, 392(26.2%) of interview failure cases 742 nonvaccinee were excluded from the actual population. Finally, the serologic markers tested of 742 nonvaccinee (study population) only were analyzed for the seroepidemiologic observation of the natural infection of HBV. The seroepidemiological characteristics of HBV infection in Korea were as follows ; 1 Point prevalence of HBs antigenemia was 11.7(9.1-14.3)% in male, which was slightly higher than that of female, 9.5(3.7-15.3)%. This level was one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. Decreasing tendency of HBsAg prevalence after the age of 50 was observed, which seems to be due to selective attrition of HBV chronic carriers among the healthy adults and/or to the limited-lasting duration of the HBs antigenemia, in part. 2. Point prevalence of anti-HBc(78.8% in male, 50.9% in female) was higher than that of anti-HBs(65.2% in male, 46.6% in female), respectively. And both of them were higher in male than in female. Increasing tendency of the prevalence of both antibodies was observed by age, which seems to be largely due to recurrent infection in adults and to some cumulative effect, in part, of their relatively longer-lasting duration. 3. The level of HBV infection defined by positive for at least one of the 3 serologic markers of HBV by RIA method was 84.7(81.8-87.6)% in male and 61.2(51.9-70.5)% in female, which was also one of the highest among those of Asian-Pacific countries. The proportion of susceptible population to HBV infection among healthy adults was 15.3% in male and 38.8% in female. 4. The relative frequency of current or past infection and chronic carrier among HBV infected person was estimated. The currently or past infected was estimated 75.7% in male and 71.8% in female, and chronic carrier state, 13.8% in male and 14.1% in female. The analysis of the geometric mean of the antibody titer in anti-HBs positive sera indicated also to be compatible with the above findings, suggesting that active, even though inapparent, infection of HBV occur so frequently among healthy adults in Korea.
Adult* ; Antibodies ; Carrier State ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seoul* ; Vaccination

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of UVB radiation on epidermal melanoctes of C57BIL mouse, The results are summarized as follows : l) The numerical increase of DOPA positive melanocytes following UVB irradiation was due to both of active mitosis of epidermal melanocytes and the conversion of dormant. malanocytes to DOPA-positive melsnocytes. 2) Long term effects of UVB irradiatinn on the epidermal melanocytes suggest the persistent activation of typrosinase in UVB irradiated melanocytes.
Animals ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Melanocytes* ; Mice* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitosis

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a relatively rare, but is a well known tumor that occurs almost in male, most frequently during the adolescent stage. Its character is histologically benign but clinically malignant because of locally invasive character to the adjascent structures, massive bleeding tendency during surgical procedure and high recurrence rate after treatment. Recently many advancements diagnostic method and surgical technique has reached satisfactory result in treating this difficult tumor. The authors present a case of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in 16 years old male patient, who was received surgical removal of the tumor through the transpalatal approach after full diagnostic evaluation and preoperative hormonal therapy.
Adolescent ; Angiofibroma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Recurrence

Hypernephroma comprises about 85-90% of renal malignancy in adults. The natural course of hypernephroma isvery diverse and unpredictable from abrupt explosive growth with wide spread metastasis to asymptomatic slowgrowth for several years. Reports from aliens indicated that hypernephroma with histopathological papillary growthpattern has better prognosis and more frequently hypovascular on renal angiography and less echogenic onultrasonography than non-papillary hypernephroma. Reviewed here retrospectively all the patients who were admittedand diagnosed as hypernephroma histopathologically at the Severance Hospital from March, 1973 through September,1984, in respective of angiographic vascularity, ultrasonographic echogenicity, histopathologic cell type andgrowth pattern, and following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of calcification in hypernephroma was 7cases out of 53 cases(13%). The incidence of hypernephroma according to cell type was clear cell type 20 cases(56%), mixed cell type 11 cases (31%), granular cell type 4 cases (11%), sarcomatous cell type 1 case(2%). Theincidence of hypernephroma according to growth pattern was papillary growth pattern 14 cases(45%) andnon-papillary growth pattern 17 cases(55%). 2. Renal angiographically, hypervascular hypernephroma was 19cases(73%), hypovascular hypernephromas was 6 cases(23%), all of which showed abnormal marginal vessels. 3.Angiographically hypervascular hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly high echogenicity andangiographically hypervascular hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly low echogenicity. 4. Clear celltype hypernephroma had high incidence of predominantly low echogenicity on ultrasonography. 5. Predominantly lowechogneic hypernephroma had high incidence of papillary growth pattern and predominantly high echogenichypernephroma had high incidence of non-papillary growth pattern. In summary, clear cell type hypernephroma hadhigh incidence of hypovascularity angiographically and hypovascularity on angiography was correlated withpredominantly low echogenicity on ultrasonography, and predominantly low echognicity had high incidence ofpapillary hypernephroma which was reported to have more good prognosis than non-papillary hypernephroma. So, itcan be suggested that if a hypernephroma show hypovascularity on angiography or predominantly low echogenicity onultrasonography, it has a good prognosis than hypervascular or predominantly high echogenic hypernephroma.
Adult ; Angiography ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the social support and ego-resilience on the nursing performance among hospital nurses. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 369 nurses in a senior general hospital. We used the self-reported questionnaire to assess the level of ego-resilience, social support and nursing performance of hospital nurses. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: This study showed the positive relationship between the social support and ego-resilience on tne the nursing performance of hospital nurses. The higher group of the social support and ego-resilience showed the more performance of hospital nurses. And, the influencing factors on the performance are age, ego-resilience, social support, night working days a month in the order. CONCLUSION: Further studies will be needed to promote the performance of nurse in hospital and policies to be develop to elevate the social support and ego-resilience of nurses.
Hospitals, General ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Task Performance and Analysis

When blow-out fracture repair is performed, many implants including Silastic, Supramid, Porous polyethylene and others have been used to pervent reherniation of orbital tissue. Complications associated with implants include implant extrusion, orbital infection, fistula formation, implant migration, extraocular muscle entrapment, globe elevation, protosis and orbital cyst formation. The latter was known as a rare late complication of blow-out fracture repair. We report two cases of orbital cyst which developed after blow-out fracture repair with alloplastic implants. These patients developed diplopia and unliateral proptosis 7 and 10 years after repair of blow-out fracture, respectively. In these cases, orbital CT scan revealed retrobulbar cyst-like structures surrounding the orbital implant. At sufgery, a fibrous capsule surrounded the previously inserted orbital implants and was filled with dark brown mucoid material in both cases. These cysts were lined by squamous epithelium with cholesterol cleft and hemosiderin laden macrophage collection. Proptosis and diplopia were resolved after surgical removal of the cyst. These cases illustrate that it is important for us to be aware of the complication of late cyst formation around alloplastic implants after repair of blow-out fracture.
Cholesterol ; Diplopia ; Epithelium ; Exophthalmos ; Fistula ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Nylons ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Orbital Implants ; Polyethylene ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was designed to investigate the effects on count, size, and morphology of human corneocytes when the skin is irritated with a rough towel. The desquamating portion of the stratum corneum was sampled with the detergent scrub technique every other day for 12 days. The following parameters were measured; numerical count, size (surface (mu)2), and shape (regular, irregular). Corneocytes from skin irritated with a rough towel differed from those of normal skin in that they were diminished by about 60% in count and were 14% smaller in size on the first experimental day. These parameters became normalized in count after 10 days and in size after 5 days respectively. On the morphological classification of the cell outlines, there were no significant differences from the control groupts except that there were slightly increased numbers of irregular cells in the experimental groups.
Adult ; Baths* ; Bedding and Linens* ; Epidermis/cytology* ; Human ; Male