BACKGROUND: It has been shown that L-type calcium channel blockers increase the muscle relaxation effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents whereas the potentiated neuromuscular blocking effects by L-type calcium channel blocker are resistant to reversal by neostigmine. The aims of this study were 1) to see whether the pretreatment of L-type calcium channel blocker, such as verapamil, aggravates the pipecuronium-induced muscle relaxation, 2) if so, to see whether these effects are reversed by anticholinesterase, such as neostigmine and edrophonium or potassium channel blocker, such as 4-aminopyridine. METHODS: The rat-phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragms (n=60) were prepared. Twenty microgram of pipecuronium was administered to all organ bath. All samples were divided into two groups according to the administration of 10uM of verapamil i.e. verapamil pretreated, non-pretreated group. The amounts of administered pipecuronium were gradually increased by 4ug until the force of twitch decreased to 10% of control value in both groups. Each group was subdivided into three groups according to the administration of 0.75 M of neostigmine, 12.4 uM of edrophonium or 40uM of 4-aminopyridine. RESULTS: The dose of pipecuronium required for the decrease of contractile force to 10% of control value was less in verapamil pretreated group than in non-pretreated group. And, the decrease of contractile force in both groups was more effectively reversed by 4-aminopyridine than neostigmine and edrophonium. CONCLUSIONS: Verapamil potentiates the pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and 4-aminopyridine is more effective to reverse verapamil pretreated, pipecuronium induced neuromuscular blockade.
4-Aminopyridine* ; Baths ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Edrophonium* ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pipecuronium* ; Potassium Channels ; Verapamil*

Three cases of Wilms's tumor observed during the period from January, 1969 to October, 1969 are presented and related literature reviewed.
Wilms Tumor

BACKGROUNDS: An inhibitory effect of magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (VC-PMG, a stable derivative of ascorbic acid) on melanogenesis has been described. Furthermore, glabridin in licorice is known to have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis and widely used for raw materials for depigmenting agents. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study are to provide objective data by measuring the visual clinical effects of VC-PMG with the colorimeter and to promote the development of de-pigmenting agents. METHODS: 20 volunteers joined the study. With an artificial UVB irradiation, eight tanned areas were made on the inner side of the forearm. During two months, each tanned area was treated with five whitening cosmetics with 3% VC-PMG and increasing concentration of licorice from 0% to 3%. Darkness degree of each area was measured weekly by the colorimeter and the visual assessment. RESULTS: For all cosmetics, whitening effect was measured by colorimeter and visual as-sessment. The cosmetic containing VC-PMG 3% and licorice 1% had more whitening effect than any other cosmetics of different concentrations. Moreover, VC-PMG 3% alone also had whitening effect in some volunteers. CONCLUSION: VC-PMG was clinically found to have whitening effect.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Darkness ; Forearm ; Glycyrrhiza ; Magnesium* ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Vitamins* ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Candidiasis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Methotrexate*

Congenital immature teratoma of the tongue is a exceedingly rare form of epignathus. We report here an autopsy case of a huge immature teratoma protruding from the tongue of a newborn female infant. The mass obstructed the mouth and caused hydramnios. The mother's serum level of alpha-fetoprotein was elevated, and the tumor was identified by a ultrasonogram subsequently done. Discussion on the histogenesis of epignathus was made through a review of literatures.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart*

It has been clarified that myoepithelial cells contain S-100 protein which is known to be a marker protein of neural tissue. To evaluate the participation of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of the salivary gland tumors, normal salivary glands and various salivary gland tumors were stained by immuno-peroxidase method. PAP kits (DAKO Co, USA) for the S-100 protein and the Cytokeratin were used and the following resulting were obtained. Acinic cells of the normal salivery gland were negative for both cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The intercalated duct cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The normal myoepithelial cells scattered around the acini and the intercalated ducts were positive only S-100 protein. In contrast, the striated duct were positive only for cytokeratin. In plemorphic adenoma, the S-100 protein positive cells were found in solid sheets of tumor cells, in chondromyxoid areas and in areas of spindle-cell stroma as well as in the outer layer of the tubular structures. Only the inner lining of the tubules were positive for cytokeratin. In basal cell adenoma, the stromal spindle cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and the epithelial cells weakly positive. When tubules were present within the epithelial sheets, the inner most lining cells were positive for cytokeratin. The peripheral palisaded tumor cells were negative for both substances. By immunostaining of the adenoid cystic carcinoma, S-100 protein containing cells were found focally scattered independently on the variety of histologies. The lining cells of true cystic structure were positive for cytokeratin. Immunostaining of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma demostrated that the squamous cells and the tubular epithelial cells contained cytokeraitn, whereas only a few intermediate cells were positive for S-100 protein. In Warthin's tumor there were no S-100 protein positive cells, although basally located epithelial cells of the papillae were positive for cytokeratin. These findings suggest that salivary gland tumors other than the Warthin's tumor arise from myoepithelial cells or reserve cells having dual potentiality differentating into myoepithelial and intercalcated duct cells.

No abstract available.
Ankle Fractures* ; Ankle*

This study was designed to investigate the mole- cular mechanism of chemokine induction by lipopoly-saccharide(LPS) of E. coli. Chemokine gene expression was evaluated by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay using RNAs isolated either from kidneys of LPS-injected inice or from the mesangial cells stimulated with LPS, IFN-r or TNF-a. LPS was shown to induce interferon gamma(IFN- 7 ) inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG) in kidney. IP-10 gene expression was induced by LPS and IFN-r, but MIG gene expression was induced by IFN-r in mesangial cell. Chemokines induced by LPS increased splenocyte migration. Sodium salicylate, wortmanin and piperazine blocked LPS mediated chemokine induction suggesting the activation of nuclear factor-a B pathway. It is concluded from this study that mesangial cells are the target of LPS in the renal failure resulting from the systemic infections. LPS induces chemokines directly and/or indirectly in the mesan- gial cells, and these chemokines may associated with renal inflammation.
Chemokines ; Gene Expression* ; Inflammation ; Interferons ; Kidney ; Mesangial Cells* ; Renal Insufficiency ; RNA ; Sodium Salicylate