No abstract available.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Yolk Sac*

BACKGROUNDS: This study was performed to determine the onset time and dose of intranasal midazolam used for preanesthetic sedation in children. METHODS: The children were randomly allocated to recieve one of three medications via the nasal route in a double blind manner. Group I: patients were given normal saline 0.2 ml/5kg, Group II: patients were given midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, Group III: patients were given midazolam 0.3 mg/kg. RESULTS: The cardiovascular and SpO2 changes were not significantly different among the patients of the three groups. The sedation score was greater in group II compared with group I from 5 minute after administration (1.9 vs 2.7, p<0.05). postanesthetic recovery score (PARS) was not significantly different among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) produces anxiolysis and sedation in children with rapid onset.
Child* ; Humans ; Midazolam*

No abstract available.
Suction* ; Tonsillectomy*

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Incidence* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Mucocele* ; Sphenoid Sinus*

No abstract available.
Melanoma* ; Mucous Membrane* ; Palate, Hard*

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate whether expression of angiogenic cytokines including IL-8 and MCP-1 is induced in the cultured RPE by oxidative stress. METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were exposed to H2O2 and paraquat for 24, 48, and 72 hours and then assayed for the detection of IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. To determine whether the antioxidant overcame the oxidative stress, we observed expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 gene after ARPE cells were treated by paraquat and antioxidants including N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at the same time for 72hr. RESULTS: Expressions of the angiogenic cytokines, IL-8 and MCP-1 were increased by incubating with paraquat for 72hr. Antioxidants including NAC and PDTC decreased the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 gene by counteracting the paraquat effect. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress stimulates angiogenic cytokines including IL-8 and MCP-1 in the cultured RPE. These results may be significant for understanding the cause of age-related macular degeneration and its treatment.
Acetylcysteine ; Antioxidants ; Cytokines* ; Interleukin-8 ; Macular Degeneration ; Monocytes ; Oxidative Stress* ; Paraquat ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to suggest agenda priorities for nursing service R&D (Research and Development) related policies development. METHODS: Two steps in developing the agendas and priorities were performed in this descriptive study. First, nursing service R&D agendas were extracted through needs assessment of nursing researchers and practitioners. Then, the priority of agendas was set by Analytic Hierarchy Process by ten experts who were representatives of nursing and other healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Six core areas and forty-six nursing service R&D agendas were developed. The priority of agendas was different according to the evaluation criteria depending on weight value of nursing services. CONCLUSION: In order to select and promote nursing service R&D projects within national healthcare policy, nursing service R&D policy should be proposed with consideration to the importance of the criteria in reflecting characteristics of nursing care. By strengthening R&D capabilities for quality improvement and sensitive awareness of national directions for healthcare R&D policies, nursing service R&D can be appropriately promoted.
Delivery of Health Care ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Research ; Nursing Services* ; Quality Improvement

No abstract available.
Buprenorphine* ; Meperidine*

Pain is a sensory experience that is subjective and individual. It frequently exceeds its protective function and becomes destructive. We have met one case of causalgia, three cases of Buergers disease, and one case of arteriosclerosis obliterance. They sufferred from persistent pain and exkausted with the marked distrophy of affected limbs. Management of these patient involving lower limbs is a continuing challenge. Many other therapheutic procedures could be tried for these patients, but we tried chemical lumbar sympathectomy for these cases. With respect to the lower extremity, four patients had neurolysis of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ipsilateral or 2nd and 3rd bilateral lumbar ganglia using 3 to 5 ml pure alcohol for each space under the image intensifier. Immediately after these procedure, rest pain has relieved dramatically in most cases and marked skin temperature rising. This implied increased peripheral blood flow of sympathectomised portion and the relief of rest pain is probably explained by destrcution of the afferent pain fibres running with the sympathetic trunk.
Arteriosclerosis ; Causalgia ; Extremities ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Running ; Skin Temperature ; Sympathectomy* ; Thromboangiitis Obliterans