Purpose: : This study investigated the differences in system thinking and innovative behavior among nursing students, nursing managers, and nursing educators by implementing a table-top simulation. Methods: : This study used a non-equivalent pretest-posttest design. The game-based table-top simulation, Friday night at the ER® was separately implemented to three groups including 14 nursing students (on April 13, 2021), 15 nursing managers (on April 29, 2021), and 14 nursing educators (on January 25, 2022). The system thinking scale and innovative behavior scale were used to measure the effect of table-top simulation. Wilcoxon signed rank and Kruskal-Wallis test were utilized using the SPSS program for data analysis. Results: : There was no statistically significant increase in the pre- and post-scores of system thinking in each group. However, the innovative behavior scores significantly increased in all groups after simulation. There were no significant differences in systems thinking and innovative behavior among the three groups. Conclusion : The game-based table-top simulation provides motivation for innovative behavior through communication and teamwork among team members.

A study on objective personality characteristics of 41 central serous chorioretinopathy patients was performed to investigate the etiologic relationship of psychological behaviors about the central serous chorioretinopathy. Fourty-one healthy subjects were used as a control group. Authors used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) which consisted of 4 validity scales and 10 clinical scales. Three neurotic scales of hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria in the atients group were significantly higher than in the normal control group even though the mean scores on each clinical scale were within normal ranges in both groups.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypochondriasis ; Hysteria ; MMPI ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures

Postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is rare but may influence the final visual outcome markedly. The authors reviewed the clinical records of 16 patients who had been treated with the diagnosis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgeries from March. 1992. to September, 1995. We analysised their final visual outcomes according to cultured microorganisms, durations of symptom onset after the surgeries, the methods of antibiotic administration and treatment methods with or without vitrectomies. Final visual accuities were 0.5 or better in 50% of all eyes, 0.15 or better in 75% and light perception or worse in 4 eyes(25%). Twelve(75%) of all eyes were cultured in positive. Five of twelve culture proven cases were Staphylococcus epidermidis and five were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each case of Xanthomonas maltophilia and fluorescens were cultured. All 5 cases infected by gram positive organisms had got visual accuity of 0.15 or better but 4 of 7 eyes infected by gram negative ones had got. We treated 9 patients with intravitreal, subconjunctival and systemic antibiotics but did 7 without systemic antibiotics. Six cases(85.7%) of these had got visual accuity of 0.15 or better but 6 cases(66.7%) of those had got. One of five patients who had undergone therapeutic vitrectomies had got visual outcome of 0.15 or better but all eleven without vitrectomy had got.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cataract* ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis* ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Vitrectomy

Surgical method for blow out fracture of medial orbital wall is performed by medial canthotomy and subciliary incision or transconjunctival incision. However, these approaches can leave cosmetic problem due to skin incision and have a risk of infection and absorption of prosthetic implant for a large medial wall fracture. The authors performed endoscopic intranasal reconstruction of the isolated medial wall fracture in a case with significant functional impairment of extraocular muscle. After the incision of the middle turbinate, medial wall fracture was reconstructed with muco-periosteal flap under endoscopic control. We had a good result without intraoperative or postoperative complications caused by prosthetic implant. There was no disadvantage seen with the traditional approaches by medial canthotomy. Endoscopic intranasal reconstruction with muco-periosteal flap appears to be a new safe method for especially large defect.
Absorption ; Orbit* ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin ; Turbinates

PURPOSE: Strabismus fixus is a rare form of strabismus which is known for its difficulty to correct surgically, because it tends to go back to its previous state after the surgery. We report the case because we had successfully corrected the case of convergent strabismus fixus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A 38-year-old female patient who had both medial rectus muscle tenotomy 10 years before was operated with both lateral rectus muscle resection, superior and inferior rectus muscle recession and temporary traction suture for 5 days, but it was dissatisfactory, so making a hole in the lateral orbital rim was performed by microdrill, with fixation of insertion site of the lateral rectus muscle to the lateral orbital rim by permanent traction suture. RESULTS: At three months after the surgery, patient appeared to be almost orthophoric at primary position. Eye movement was impossible but we had satisfactory result cosmetically. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that eyeball fixation to lateral orbital rim is an effective surgical procedure for the case of convergent strabismus fixus which was not corrected by previous surgical techniques.
Adult ; Esotropia* ; Eye Movements ; Female ; Humans ; Orbit ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tenotomy ; Traction

Ocular perforation during retinal reattachment surgery is very uncommon intraoperative complication.If globe rupture occurs, intraocular fluid leakage, ocular hypotony, and vitreous hemorrhage follow. Authors made an intraoperative ocular perforation inadvertently by scleral depressor on our patient who had a recurrent retinal detachment on his right eye. However, immediate scleral suture of the ruptured wound and balanced salt solution injection by pars plana route, and effective scleral exoplant maintained his retina anatomically flat. So, we present the case with a brief literatures review.
Aqueous Humor ; Humans ; Ocular Hypotension ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Sutures ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Heart* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Underserved area is a region that has a lack of healthcare resources. In the context of Korea, however, there are not enough detailed criteria for underserved areas. In this study, we aimed to develop indicators for underserved area through Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measure of underserved area. Sixty indicators were extracted as candidates across four domains in secondary medical care. Four domains are demand, medical resource, quality of care, and health outcome. To develop indicator, two round Delphi survey was conducted among 15 professional experts such as professionals and public administrators. In conclusion, 2 final indicators (accessibility, medical utilization) was determined as an appropriate measure in order to designate underserved area for secondary medical services. Using our criteria from Delphi technique, 36 areas were found as underserved areas for the secondary medical care.
Administrative Personnel ; Delivery of Health Care ; Delphi Technique ; Humans ; Korea

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive ulcer appears to be decreasing recently in the Western countries, and this has been influenced by the epidemiologic changes of H. pylori infection. Therefore, we aimed to determine the trends for the frequency of H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease (PUD) during recent 7 years in Korea. METHODS: All 1,723 patients who had an endoscopic diagnosis of PUD from 1997 to 2003 were included in this study. H. pylori was considered present if the CLO test and/or the histology and the urea breath test were positive for H. pylori. RESULTS: H. pylori-positive ulcers were seen in 1,354/1,723 patients (78.6%). The positive rate of H. pylori infection in patients with PUD was 85.9% in 1997, 79.2% in 1999, 76.2% in 2001 and 73.1% in 2003, and this showed a decreasing annual trend (p<0.001). H. pylori-positive PUD was more prevalent in duodenal ulcer than in gastric ulcer, and in the patients who were aged person and male. During the recent 7 years, H. pylori- positive PUD has decreased in patients with duodenal ulcer, and especially for patients younger than 60 years and in the male group. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of H. pylori-positive PUD is possibly decreasing in the recent 7 years. Prospective, multicenter trial studies are necessary to confirm this trend and find out the cause.
Breath Tests ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter* ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer ; Urea

PURPOSE: A corneal epithelial debridement using three different instruments was performed in rabbits, and the rates of corneal epithelium recovery were compared. Additionally, the extent of corneal damage as determined by the scanning electron microscopy was evaluated in each group. METHODS: Nineteen eyes of ten rabbits were classified into three groups according to the instruments used. The corneal epithelial debridement was performed using three different instruments: a Beaver blade (group A), a Bard-Parker blade No.15 (group B) and a dry cotton-tipped ap plicator (group C). After epithelial debridement, each cornea was observed every 24 hours for three days. After completion of the corneal recovery, each cornea was severed along the limbus and observed under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The rate of corneal epithelial healing of the group C (dry cotton-tipped applicator) showed no statistical significance from those of the other groups. However, according to the corneal status observed under scanning electron microscope after debridement, cracks in the corneal surface in portions of group A and B were observed in contrast with no creaks in group C. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, corneal epithelial debridement using a cotton-tipped applicator is expected to reduce the occurrence of postoperative corneal complications. Use of a dry cotton-tipped applicator for corneal epithelial debridement in vitreoretinal surgery is suggested.
Cornea ; Debridement ; Electrons ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Eye ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits ; Rodentia ; Vitreoretinal Surgery