The development of aorticpulmonary bodies was studied by electron microscope in human fatuses ranging from 40mm to 260mm crowm-rump length. The aorticpulmonary bodies were observed in the wall of the aorta, and of the pulmonart trunk and arteries. At 40mm fetus, the aorticopulmonary bodies were composed of clusters of primitive glomus cells, primative supporting cells, unmyelinated nerve fibers, and capillaries. The primitive glomus cells possessed large nuclei, dense-cored vesicles, many Golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and, multivesicular bodies, the primitive supporting cells were agranular with attenuated cytoplasmic processed which partially ensheathed the primitive glomus cells. Synaptic contacts between the axon terminals and the aoma of primitive glomus cells were first observed. The primitive glomus cells increased somewhat in size and number by 90mm fetus, but retained essentially the same characteristics as at the earlier stage. Desmosome-like contacts between glomus cells and adjacent cells were commonly seen. At 160mm fetus, the glomus cells had increased accumulations of all organells and numerous dense cored vesicles. The supporting cells completely invested the glomus cells. Two types of nerve terminals were observed. One type contained small agranular vesicles which was identified as cholinergic axon terminal. The other contained a majority of small granular vesicles which was classfied as adrenergic axon terminal. Synaptic contacts between the cholinergic axon terminals and the soma of the glomus cell were observed. During next prenatal stage up to 260mm fetus the glomus cells and the supporting cells resembling those in adult were present. It is concluded that the ultrastructural features of these aorticopulmonary bodies are similar to those of the carotid body. It is therefore suggested that the aorticopulmonary bodies of the human fetures have a chemorecepter function similar to that of the carotid body.
Adult ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Capillaries ; Carisoprodol ; Carotid Body ; Cytoplasm ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Fetus* ; Golgi Apparatus ; Humans* ; Multivesicular Bodies ; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated ; Presynaptic Terminals

There have been increasing interests of diabetes in the realm of plastic surgery due to problems like foot ulcer as a complication, delayed wound healing or higher failure rates of flap surgery. Main pathology in diabetes is microvascular compromise as well as metabolic derangements. The disturbance in microvascular circulation results in ischemic environments in the body and acts as a main factor that determines the limit of reconstructive or aesthetic plastic surgery. A useful method to overcome such problems is the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is known to be effective in the treatment of ischemic skin ulcer or osteoradionecrosis. However, there have been few studies on the survival of diabetic random skin flap or the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation directed to increase survival of such flap. In our study, we supposed that the survival of diabetic random skin flap was diminished owing to compromised microvascular pathology and blood rheology, and metabolic derangements, so we hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has both reversible and irreversible effects on the survival of ischemic random skin flap in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Increase of local transcutaneous oxygen concentration, O2 affinity in blood and dysmorphogenesis of red blood cells are reversible and relatively short-term effects and promotion of neoangiogenesis is irreversible or long-term effects. We intended to confirm that hyperbaric rats and to compare the effects between preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygenation on the survival of such flap. And we expect the additional effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on metabolism in diabetic rat, such as lowering the blood glucose level and solving the arrested weight gain. We divided Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats into three groups: the first was non-treatment diabetic group, the second was preoperative hyperbaric oxygen treated diabetic group(100% O2, 2 atm, 90min, 15sessions, twice a day), and the third was postoperative hyperbaric oxygen treated group(100% O2, 2atm, 90min, 15sessions, twice a day). After elevation of random skin flap on dorsum of diabetic rats, we evaluated the extent of flap survival by measuring the necrotic areas at 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 13th postoperative days. At that time, we intended to evaluate both effects on flap survival by preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. As a result, flap survival of non-treated diabetic group was 41% at 13th postoperative days. In diabetic groups with preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy, flap survival were increased to 64.6% and 62.4% respectively. Diabetic groups with hyperbaric oxygen therapy have a tendency of meaningful decrement in blood glucose level. However, there were no meaningful differences between preoperative and postoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has no effective correlations with body weight changes. We conclude that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has some useful effects on the survival of diabetic random skin flap.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight Changes ; Erythrocytes ; Foot Ulcer ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Metabolism ; Osteoradionecrosis ; Oxygen ; Pathology ; Rats* ; Rheology ; Skin Ulcer ; Skin* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Weight Gain ; Wound Healing

The elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated-joint in the body except for the shoulder, and in children less then 10 years old, it is the most frequently dislocated articulation. The injury and the treatment are well described in most standard textbooks, but the characteristic findings and follow-up evaluations are not generally recognized. Authors have clinically analyzed 45 cases of traumatic fracture and dislocation of the elbow joint which are treated between January, 1975 and June, 1985 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonju Medical College of Yonsei University. The results were as follows; 1. The age incidences were in even distribution except in the old ages where the incidence was low and the male to female ratio was 7: 3. 2. The major cause of the injury of the elbow was fall down (60%). 3. Posterior and posterolateral dislocations were about 60% of all cases. 4. Associated fractures were 35.6% of all the elbow dislocations, of which medial epicondyle fracture had the highest incidence. 5. Complications including ulnar nerve injury (3 cases), median nerve injury(1 case), radial nerve mjury(1 case), rupture of brachial artery(2 cases), recurrent dislocation(1 case) and calcification of ligament(2 cases) were observed. 6. Pure elbow dislocation occurred in 13 cases (28.9%). 7. The average immobilization period for patient with non-operative treatment (45%) and operative treatment(55%) were 7 days and 3 weeks, respectively, and much better results were seen in patients with non-operative treatment than in operative treatment and in shortened immobilization period.
Child ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Orthopedics ; Radial Nerve ; Rupture ; Shoulder ; Ulnar Nerve

No abstract available.
Korea*

The degenerative arthritis following total menisectomy has led to consideration of the need for meniscal transplantation, this study evaluates the morphologic and histologic changes fol lowing fresh meniscal autograft and allograft in therabbits. Transplantation of the medial meniscus was carried out in two groups of 32 rabbits(autograft group=16 rabbits, allograft group=16 rabbits). The morphological and histological changes of the transplanted auto-and allografted menisci and the articular cartilage of the medial femoral and tibial condyle were observed at 2,4,6,8,10,12,22,28 weeks postoperatively. There were no significant differences between auto and allograft groups in gross appearance. Histologically, the fibrous adhesion was noted between grafted meniscus and joint capsule 2 weeks after operation, but complete healing was seen at the suture sites without rejection phenomenon at 6 weeks in both groups. There were prominent inflammatory reactions such as lymphocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration during early postoperative stages(2,4 weeks) only in the allograft group, and more prominent fibrotic reactions in the allograft group than auto-graft group. The results of this study suggest that meniscal allografts are able to adapt to the host tissues, survive within the joint environment, and provide a functional replacement for the removed meniscus, but further studies for graft-host immune response and a method to take the maintenance and deposits of graft must be needed to perform the meniscal allograft in human.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Lymphocytes ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Rabbits ; Sutures ; Transplants

It is well known that many cases of renal cell carcinoma accompanies gross or microscopic hematuria. It implies that much of renal cell carcinoma may also have pelvic or medullary invasion. But unlike other well known prognostic factors such as renal vessel or regional invasion, the prognostic significance of pelvic or medullary invasion in renal cell carcinoma has not been known well. We reviewed retrospectively 73 patients treated with radical nephrectomy in whom 18 patients has pathologically confirmed pelvic or medullary invasion. The mean follow-up duration was about 23 months. The average size of tumor in non-pelvic invasive group (NPIG) was 6.6 cm and in pelvic invasive group (PIG) it was 5.4 cm. In NPIG, 91% (67 patients) of tumor was Grade II and III and in PIG 100% of tumor was Grade II and III. 89% of NPIG tumor was stage pT3aN0M0 or below. And 88% of PIG was pT3aN0M0 or below. At 12 NPIG patients (16%) tumor has recurred and its mean duration was about 6.6 months. In PIG, 5 patients had recurrent tumor (27%) and its duration was about 7.6 months. Nine patients (12.3%) died due to renal cell carcinoma in NPIG. In PIG 3 patients (16%) died of renal cell carcinoma. The study revealed that there is no significant difference between pelvic or medullary invasive and non-pelvic invasive renal cell carcinoma in tumor grade and stage. But in pelvic invasive renal cell carcinoma, relatively more tumor recurrence had occurred (p>0.05) and also relatively more patients died due to tumor. We think that for more proper clarification of prognostic significance of pelvic or medullary invasion in renal cell carcinoma, more long term follow-up and stage by stage study will be needed.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Nephrectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific findings of infiltrating ductal carcinoma from the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to differentiate from the atypical ductal hyperplasia(ADH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty breast lesions in 48 patients including thirty-six breasts of 36 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma, fourteen breasts of 12 patients with DCIS, and nine breasts of 7 patients with ADH were examined with FLASH technique using Gd-DTPA. We evaluated the maximal amount, the speed, and the pattern of enhancement after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA(0.16mmol/kg body weight). Also we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy in the patients with breast cancer. RESULTS: The maximal amount of enhancement were 1,161.84 +/- 394.44 NU in infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 982.11 +/- 458.35 NU in DCIS, and 1,035.94 +/- 305.20 NU in ADH. The speed of enhancement was 827.33 +/- 384.20 NU within the first 1 minute with a sudden increase in signal intensity after injection and a much slighter in- crease thereafter in infiltrating ductal carcinoma. DCIS showed in creasing signal intensity within the first 2 minutes(749.70 +/- 487.36 NU), and ADH showed significant increased enhancement(765.40 +/- 313.61 NU) at 3 minutes after injection of Gd-DTPA. The patterns of enhancement were focal with irregular margins in infiltrating ductal carcinoma and irregular peripheral enhancement in DCIS and ADH. However, absent or extreme delayed enhancement at the central portion of the tumor was more frequently seen in infiltrating ductal carcinoma rather than DCIS or ADH. CONCLUSION: Gd-DTPA enhanced dynamic MRI was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer and in differentiating DCIS from ADH. Furthermore, it was effective in analyzing the extension of breast carcinoma, multiplicity, and bilaterality of breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee*