In order to measure the MPD with 8-methoxypsoralen, we selected 49 Korean healthy male vlunteers without phototoxic or photosensitive dermatoses. They were divided to 3 groups (Immediate; group 1, 1 hour; group 2, 2 hours', group 3) according to the waiting time, intervals of application of photosensitizer a,nd UVA:irradiation. The reaults were summarized as follows: 1. MPDs of group 1 had no clinical significance. 2, MPDs of group 2 were more than those of group '3 independently of application methods of photosensitizer. 3. In the cases of topical application of 8-MOP, MPDs of group 3 according to reading interval (24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after UVA irradiation) were 3.4+/-2.9 J/cm2, 1.9+/-l.5 J/cm' and l. 7+1, 2/cm, respectively. 4 In the cases of oral administration of 8-MOP, MPDs of group 3 according to reading; interval as topical application of 8-MOP were 7.1+/-2.3 J/cm, 4.4+/-1.1 J/ cm2 and 4.2+/-l.2 J/cm2, respectively. 5 MPL)s accarding to the skin types as follows; (waiting time; 2 hours, read- ing interval; 48 hours) a. In the case of topical application of 8-MOP, MPDs of the skin type ]II, 1V and V were 0.9+/-0.5 J/cm2, 1.8+/-1.1 J/cm2 and 3.0+/-l.3 J/cm2 respectively. b. In the case of oral administration of 8-MOP, MPDs of skin type g, W and were 3.5+/-1.1 J/cm2, 4.7+/-1.3 J/cm2 and 6.9+/-l.8 J/cm2, respectively.
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Male ; Methoxsalen ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Chromium* ; Micronucleus Tests*

This treatise summarizes the medical facts about the persistent vegetative state(PVS) and the associated issues. In August 1998, the opinions of the 380 neurologists and the 1007 neurosurgeons are inquired about the diagnostic criteria of PVS, the degree and the withdrawal of treatment on PVS patients. The response rate is 18.8%. The diagnostic criteria of PVS is determined by the items approved above 5007o of responses. (1) no evidence of cerebral function and an inability to interact with visual, auditory stimuli and follow commands. (2) maintaining the respiratory function with spontaneous respiration and normal respiratory pattern. (3) spontaneous eye opening and eye ball movements without sustained tracking. (4) variably preserved brain stem reflexes. (5) presence of sleep-wake cycles. (6) (1)-(5) symptoms should be persist for 6 months after the development of vegetative state. (7) the diagnostic criteria of PVS should be applied more than 3 times during the minimum observation period. (8) this diagnostic criteria of PVS could be applied to adults over 7 ages. As to the degree of treatment, nasogastric tube feeding and air-way keeping through the tracheostomy are approved over 9007b. Also antibiotics can be used in infection. As to the withdrawal of treatment, do not resuscitate order of patient s family is accepted by 46.1% in an emergency condition like cardiac arrest. But discharge against medical advice by the patient s family is accepted by 73.107o in non-emergency condition. In the case of neonates, parents decision is more determinative than any other thing.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brain Stem ; Emergencies ; Enteral Nutrition ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea* ; Parents ; Persistent Vegetative State* ; Reflex ; Respiration ; Tracheostomy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis* ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mice*

A lg year-old female patient with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliforrnis acuta (PLEVA) was been treated with PUVA, At first, she was treated with tetracycline for 8 weeks with improvement somewhat. But 2 months later, her skin lesions aggravated slowly. So, we tried to treated her with PUVA and then she was cleared completely. The initial dose of UVA was 5 J/cm The UVA dosage increased by 10g of the previous exposure and increased to the maximum dose, 15 J/cm The patient exposed to UVA R times per week. 12 times after the PUVA therapy, the skin lesions begin to improve and completely improved at 21 times of Pl.JVA therapy. She was followed up every week and there was no side effect except hyperpigrnentation till 24 months. The total dose during treatment is 210 J/cm.
Female ; Humans ; Photochemotherapy* ; Pityriasis Lichenoides* ; Pityriasis* ; PUVA Therapy ; Skin ; Tetracycline

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a self-destructive behavior that can occur throughout life. Recently the suicide rate has gradually increased in Korea. Suicide is the third most common cause of death in adolescents. The most important factOrs closely related to suicide were depression and hopelessness. This study aimed to analyze first, relationships between suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem, second, the differences between the demographic factors and suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, social support and self-esteem. METHODS: This study was surveyed with a questionaire to 220 students of colleges located in Pusan. The instruments were used in this study were Harters(1988) Self-Perception Profile for College Students, Harter and Robinsons(1988) Approval Support Scale for Adolescents, Becks(1961) Beck Depression Inventory, Becks(1974) Beck Hopelessness Scale and Reynolds(1987) Suicidal ideation Questionaire. RESULTS: Self-esteem had a relatively strong positive correlation with social support. Suicidal ideation had a strong positive correlation with depression. Depression had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Suicidal ideation had a negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, the major factors related to suicidal tendency of adolescents were depression, low self-esteem, and low social support. Then the strategy to improve self-esteem and to encourage social support should be implemented for adolescents to prevent suicide.
Adolescent ; Busan* ; Cause of Death ; Demography ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Self Concept ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

The gate control theory was proposed by Melzack & Wall in 1965. This theory implies that selective stimulation of cutaneous afferent fibers of large diameter inhibits pain. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TNS) is a practical employment of this concept. TNS was used on 14 herpes zoster patients to relieve associated pain. Good effeet was obtained in 13 patients. They experienced relief of their pain for 1-4 hours after 20 minutes of application. TNS has many advantages over analgesic drugs in the control of pain in herpes zoster.
Analgesics ; Employment ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans

Neuroarthropathy has infrequently been associated with diabetic patients. The initial presenting symptoms are in most cases the peripheral neuropathy involving chiefly the sensory components of peripheral nerves, leading to numbness, hyper-or paresthesia, and coldness of the extremity affected. The diabetic arthropathy, once occurred, is apt to show progressive deterioration of the function with destruction of both skeletal and supporting soft tissues Two cases of such arthropathy were presented here, the one was observed in a 29-year-old man with involvement of the left fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints and a large ulcer on the dorsal skin of the lesion, and the other in a 35-year-old man with destruction of the right ankle joint. Both of them showed remarkable remission of the symptoms with conservative measures such as arch support, cast immobilization and skin graft.
Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Skin ; Transplants ; Ulcer

Total 40 cases of serial bone scans with Tc99-m-MDP performed on less than 24 hour, 2nd day, 3rd day, 5th day, 1 week, 4 week, 12 week and 1 year respectively after fractures in tibia were analysed. All 5 cases of bone scans performed within 24 hour after injury showed increase in generalized tracer uptake and 3 cases of them(60%) showed localized increase in tracer uptake at the fracture sites. The earliest bone sean performed 9 hour after injury showed generally and locally increased uptake at the fracture sites. All 5 cases of bone scan performed 1 year after injury sinowed localized increased uptake at the fracture sites and 2 cases of them (40%) showed generalized increase in tracer uptake. Bone scans performed 12 week after injury showed the most outstanding increase in generalized and localized tracer uptake. Bone scans performed 1 year after injury showed decreased amount of generalized increase in tracer uptake (but more increased uptake than normal) but the localized increase in traccer uptake at the fracture sites was observed persistently. More study should be needed to clarify the corelationship between the presence of cold spots during the fracture healing and the union of the fractures. It is difficult to differentiate the old fractures to fresh fractures with the bone scans performed within 1 year because of persistent increase in tracer uptake to 1 year after fracture.
Fracture Healing ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures