Fractures of the acetabulum are relatively uncommon. But if fractures of the acetubulum are not accurately evaluated, classified, and reduced anatomically, major sequalae and complications are frequently developed. Because of complicated anatomy, difficulty with surgical exposure, severe comminution, and major associated injuries, the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures between conservative and operative methods is still controversial. We reviewed thirty five cases of displaced acetabular fracture treated operaively from January 1984 to December 1991. The prevalent age was the fourth decade. There was twenty seven cases of associated injuries, twenty two dislocations of the hip. According to the Letournel's classification, the most common fracture type was posterior wall and both column type. The fracture was fixed internally with only screws in thirteen cases and with plate and screws in twenty two cases. Among thirty five patients, five patients were lost in the follow up and another five patients had followed up lesser than one year. The mean duration of follow-up afrer the operation was three years (range, one to eight years). Among twenty five patients who had followed up more than one year, the satisfactory results were achieved in nineteen patients (76%) and the poor results were achieved in three patients (8%). The complications were post-traumatic arthritis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, osteomyelitis in iliac bone, skin necrosis, and heterotopic ossification.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteomyelitis ; Skin

No abstract available.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Meningitis, Aseptic*

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Prognostic factors for colorectal cancer with hepatic metastasis are not well-established. We investigated the factors that predicted survival following surgical resection of hepatic metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-three patients underwent resection of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer between January 2000 and December 2005, with follow-up periods that ranged from 3 to 119 months. In this retrospective study, the effects of sex, age, type of hepatic resection, T stage and N stage of the primary cancer, number and size of metastatic hepatic tumors, synchronicity or metachronicity of the liver metastases, surgical resection margins, and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels on 1-year and 3-year survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. RESULTS: Median survival was 39.9 months and the 3-year survival rate was 62.2%. Twenty patients died during the follow-up period of 3 to 119 months (mean, 48.8+/-34.24). In univariate analysis, only the surgical margin of the hepatic metastasis resection correlated significantly with 3-year survival. Sex, age, T stage and N stage of the primary cancer, synchronicity or metachronicity of the metastases, number and size of hepatic metastases, type of hepatic resection and preoperative CEA levels did not predict long-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic resection provides a safe and effective treatment in patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. In this study, only the surgical resection margin of the hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer significantly predicted survival.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Communication between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers or large vessels is unusual type of congenital malformation. Aneurysmal formation of a coronary arteriovenous fistula is even rare. We report a case of 83-year-old women with giant aneurysm of the coronary arteriovenous fistula from the left anterior descending coronary artery treated by percutaneous deployment of embolization coil.
Aged, 80 and over ; Aneurysm* ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Coronary Vessels ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Humans

Accurate estimation of the exposure-response relationship between ambient urban particulate matters (PM) and public health is important for regulatory perspective of ambient urban particulate matters (PM). Ambient PM contains various transition metals and organic compounds. PM10 (aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microgram) is known to induce diverse diseases such as chronic cough, bronchitis, chest illness, etc. However, recent evaluation of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microgram) against health outcomes has suggested that the fine particles may be more closely associated with adverse respiratory health effects than particles of larger size. This study was performed to evaluate PM2.5-induced oxidative stress in rat lung epithelial cell in order to provide basic data for the risk assessment of PM2.5. PM2.5 showed higher cytotoxicity than PM10. Also, PM 2.5 induced more malondialdehyde (MDA) formation than PM10. In Hoechst 33258 dye staining and DNA fragmentation assay, apopotic changes were clearly detected in PM2.5 treated cells in compared to PM10. Expression of catalase mRNA was increased by PM2.5 rather than PM10. PM2.5 induced higher Mth1 mRNA than PM10. In pBR322 DNA treated with PM2.5, production of single strand breakage of DNA was higher than that of PM10. In Western blot analysis, PM2.5 induced more Nrf-2 protein, associated with diverse transcriptional and anti-oxidative stress enzymes, compared to PM10. Our data suggest that PM2.5 rather than PM10 may be responsible for PM-induced toxicity. Additional efforts are needed to establish the environmental standard of PM2.5.
Air Pollutants/chemistry/*toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Benzimidazoles/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/physiology ; DNA Fragmentation/physiology ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects/enzymology/pathology ; Formazans/metabolism ; GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Lung Diseases/*chemically induced/enzymology/pathology ; Oxidative Stress/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tetrazolium Salts/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism

The therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is generally attributed to their ability to block dopamine D2 receptors. Classical D2 antagonists are not effective to treat negative symptoms and produce extrapyramidal side effects. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents ameliorate negative symptoms without producing extra-pyramidal side effects, and it is reported to be associated with blockade of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of risperidone on neuroreceptors in the rat brain by quantitative autoradiography method. In acute treatment group, risperidone was injected into peritoneal cavity of male Wistar rats with dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1,0 and 2.0mg/kg in each Group(5/group), and they were decapitated after 2 hours. In chronic treatment group, risperidone was injected with dose of 0, 0.1, and 1mg/kg(I.P.) for 21 days and decapitated after 24 hours following last treatment. The effect of risperodone on the binding of [3H]spiperone to 5-HT2 and D2 receptors were analysed in 4 discrete regions of the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex by quantitative autoradiography. Acute treatment with risperidone reduced cortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding to 32% of vehicle-treated control. Subcortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was not affected at all dose groups whereas a significant reduction (57%) in D2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was observed in risperidone treated group at doses of l-2mg/kg. Chronic treatment with risperidone produced a decrease in the maximal number of cortical 5-HT2 receptors to 51% and 46% of control in 0.1mg/kg & 1mg/kg treated group respectively. In conclusion, risperidone is a cortical serotonin receptor antagonist with relatively weak antagonistic action on dopamine receptors. These effects on neuroreceptors may explain the therapeutic effect of risperidone as a atypical antipsychotic agents.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Autoradiography ; Brain* ; Dopamine* ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Dopamine* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Serotonin*

BACKGROUND: According to domestic studies, patients visiting the emergency departments (ED) with acute toxic exposure comprise 0.68%–5.5% of all ED patients, with various causes and motives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and social characteristics of patients with toxic exposure visiting the ED. METHODS: This study spanned a period of five years, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. The data were extracted using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) and The Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). RESULTS: From the HIRA database, during the study period (2009–2013); 310,159 (2009), 289,829 (2010), 288,906 (2011), 285,514 (2012), and 279,575 (2013) patients, respectively, visited EDs with diagnoses related to exposure to toxic substances. The number of patients who presented with acute toxic exposure compared to all ED visits significantly decreased consistently (7.8%, 6.9%, 6.0%, 5.0%, 4.1%) over 5 years. Regarding the cause of toxic exposure, substances other than drugs accounted for the largest percentage, and increased annually. Acetylcysteine was the most commonly prescribed antidote, and patients in their 40s and 50s showed the most frequent visits. The monthly distribution was highest in July-September, and higher in January than in other months. CONCLUSION: This study found that the percentage of patients visiting the ED is decreasing, the exposure to quasi-drugs was the most common, and the exposure to antipsychotic drugs was the most frequent.
Acetylcysteine ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Information Systems* ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Poisoning ; Sociological Factors

Prominent ear means congenital ear anomaly which has the obtuse conchoscapal angle caused by underdeveloped antihelix and has the larger concha shape than normal. It can be corrected by non-surgical method such as molding process with splint when ear cartilage keep flexibility right after birth and by surgical method with manipulating the ear cartilage directly. To correct prominent ear, we used simple and effective technique consisted of (1)anterior cartilage surface scoring and (2)two horizontal mattress suture without skin excision because we have the opinion that the most important deformity in prominent ear is lesser projection of antihelical fold. From March 1998 to February 2003 this method was applied to 12 patients. During the follow-up period no particular side effects were detected and we had an excellent aesthetic result.
Cartilage ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear Cartilage ; Ear* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Humans ; Parturition ; Pliability ; Skin ; Splints ; Sutures

PURPOSE: Mortality rate in the health services research field is frequently considered as a proxy for measuring healthcare quality. We compared the mortality rate and hospitalization levels among patients with poisoning. METHODS: A population-based study of hospital size and level based on the Korean health insurance and assessment service was conducted to identify the impact of hospital level on patient mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed a total of 16,416 patients, of which 7,607 were from tertiary hospitals, 8,490 were from general hospitals, and 319 were from hospitals. The highest mortality rate of diagnosis regarding poisoning was T60.31 (other herbicides and fungicides, 16%), followed by T60.0 (organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, 12.7%). There was no statistical difference in mortality among hospital levels for gender. Among age groups, tertiary hospitals had lower mortality than general hospitals and hospitals for patients aged more than 70 years (11.9% mortality at tertiary vs 14.2% at general and 23% at hospital; p=0.003, adjusted z score=−6.9), general hospitals had lower mortality than tertiary hospitals and hospitals for patients aged 18 to 29 (0.6% at general vs 2.4% at tertiary and 3.7% at hospital; p=0.01, adjusted z score=−4.3), and hospitals had lower mortality than tertiary hospitals and general hospitals for patients between 50 and 59 years of age (0% at hospital vs 6.4% at general and 8.3% at tertiary; p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no significant difference between mortality and hospital level among poisoned patients. However, to establish an efficient treatment system for patients with poisoning, further studies will be needed to identify the role of each facility according to hospital level.
Diagnosis ; Health Facility Size ; Health Services Research ; Herbicides ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Insecticides ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Proxy ; Quality of Health Care ; Tertiary Care Centers

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of high risk patient with osteopenia requiring pharmacologic treatment and investigate the difference of 10-year fracture probability whether bone mineral density (BMD) include or not in Korean FRAX model. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Many people with the fracture have osteopenia rather than osteoporosis, and BMD alone could be considered as a chance to prevent fracture. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-nine patients who was diagnosed as osteopenia were divided into two groups according to age (group 1, under 65 years; group 2, over 65 years), and 10-year fracture probabilities were calculated by FRAX algorithm with and without femur neck T-score. RESULTS: The high risk patients of the fracture who had above 3% of 10-year hip fracture probability were 15 cases in group 1 and 121 cases in group 2. In 193 patients of group 1, the mean 10-year fracture probability with BMD was significantly higher than the results without BMD (hip fracture: p=0.04, major osteoporotic fracture: p=0.01). Unlike the results of the group 1, the mean 10-year fracture probability without BMD was significantly higher than the results with BMD in 176 patients of group 2 (hip fracture: p=0.01, major osteoporotic fracture: p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Total of 136 cases (36.8%) as a high risk of the fracture with osteopenia could be overlooked treatment eligibility in Korean. The Korean FRAX model without BMD could be effective in predicting fracture risk especially in the individuals who were over 65 years.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Femur Neck ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment