No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and vascular disease but, a correctable habit. Despite widespread recognition of the hazardous health effects of smoking, Korean men and adolescents' smoking rates are not decreasing and is, emerging as a public health problem. Health care managers in schools and factories are expected to play a critical role in smoking cessation. Health education is one important area that will benefit from using a personal computer (PC). To promote smoking cessation, specified and risk-based approaches are considered to encourage the motivation of smokers. METHODS: This smoking cessation software (CD-Rom) was developed for health care managers in schools and factories using Microsoft Visual Basic and Access. RESULTS: This program divided into two major categories. Part one is a library of various kinds of information about smoking such as articles, lecture notes, pictures, slides, mp3 and motion files. The other part was an autonomous smoking cessation prescription program. This program analyzed smokers' smoking pattern (using WHY test), nicotine addiction level (using Fagerstrom score), stress level (using BEPSI test), and smokers' confidence level. After input of smoker's history by oneself, the program showed smoking cessation prescription automatically in monitor or printer. CONCLUSION: Health care managers in schools and factories can be experts of smoking cessation easily with this program in their work places.
CD-ROM ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers* ; Motivation ; Nicotine ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Vascular Diseases ; Workplace

BACKGROUND: Renal dysplasia is the abnormal development of the kidney. The condition is usually detected in childhood along with other urinary tract anomalies, but can remain unnoticed until adulthood. It was recently reported that a PAX2 gene mutation plays a major role in the development of renal dysplasia. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PAX2 in dysplastic kidneys of children and adults. METHODS: A total of 30 cases diagnosed with renal dysplasia after a nephrectomy were examined. PAX2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected using an Apop Tag detection kit. RESULTS: In the dysplastic kidneys, there was strong PAX2 expression in the epithelia of the primitive ducts in both children and adults, but the degree was significantly lower in adults (p=0.007). However, the mesenchyme surrounding the primitive ducts of children showed stronger staining for the smooth muscle actin antibody and trichrome than the adults. The apoptosis index was significantly higher in the primitive duct epithelia than in the surrounding normal collecting duct epithelia (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: PAX2 is overexpressed in the primitive ducts of renal dysplasia, which is sustained until adulthood and is associated with increased apoptosis. However, a decrease in PAX2 expression in the dysplastic epithelia and mesenchymal cuff of adults suggest a gradual regression of the dysplastic elements with time.
Actins ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Child ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nephrectomy ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Head and Neck Neoplasms* ; Head* ; Incidence* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Burkholderia cepacia* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Myelography*

The development of transport is being easily shared with people all over the world. It is necessary to appropriately and effectively revise the domestic quarantine law because the fatal infectious diseases are at risk of being easily shared. Today, Korea has an advanced quarantine system approved by World Health Organization, but it maintains partnerships with related ministries (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Justice, local medical institutions) and to introduce new medical technology (electronic quarantine) is important. And since the prevention of quarantine infectious diseases and prevention of the spread, in order to maintain international cooperation with the International Health Regulations, the quarantine law and the system should be amended and improved effectively and it is also a way to prepare for the outbreak of new quarantine infectious diseases. In the past, Korea has experienced great confusion during the past outbreak of swine flu and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. To prevent similar cases from recurring in the past, the revision of the quarantine law and the improvement of the system should be done to cope with the changing environment (new infections, increased number of overseas travelers, etc.).
Communicable Diseases ; International Cooperation ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Quarantine ; Social Control, Formal ; Social Justice ; Swine ; World Health Organization

The Bcl-2 interacting death suppressor (Bis) protein is known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. We recently generated bis-deficient mice, which exhibited early lethality with typical nutritional deprivation status. To further investigate the molecular basis for the malnutrition phenotype of bis deficient mice, we explored Bis expression in the digestive system of normal mice. Western blot analysis and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that Bis expression is highest in the esophagus, followed by the stomach, colon, jejunum and ileum. Immunohistochemical data indicated that Bis expression is restricted to the stratified squamous epitheliums in the esophagus and forestomach, and was not notable in the columnar epitheliums in the stomach, small intestine and colon. In addition, strong Bis immunoreactivity was detected in the striated muscles surrounding the esophagus and smooth muscles at a lesser intensity throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Ganglionated plexuses, located in submucous layers, as well as intermuscular layers, were specifically immunoreactive for Bis. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that Bis is co-localized in glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing enteric glial cells. Immunostaining with neuron specific esterase antibodies indicate that Bis is also present in the cell bodies of ganglions in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Our findings indicate that Bis plays a role in regulating GI functions, such as motility and absorption, through modulating signal transmission between the ENS and smooth muscles or the intestinal epitheliums.
Absorption ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Colon ; Digestive System ; Enteric Nervous System ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ileum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Malnutrition ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Striated ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Stomach

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Hamartoma*

From January l, l990 to June 30, l992, tota1 1,067 epidural anesthesia were evaluated retrospectively for physical status, level of anesthesia, agents of 1ocal anesthetics, complication and poatoperative pain control. The reaults were as follows: 1) Annual numbers of epidural aneathesia were 272 cases in 1990. 392 cases in 1991 and 403 cases in 1992 respectively. The number of epidural anesthesia was increaeing with years. 2) The most common site of epidural puncture level wae L(3-4) intervertebral space and mean depth from skin to epidural space was 4.88 cm. 3) The local anesthetics that used during epidural anesthesia were lidocaine(1%, 1.5%, 2%) and bupivacaine(0.25%, 0.375%. 0.5%). 4) The most common sensory level which were blocked by epidural anesthesia waa T(10) and most common complication was hypotension. 5) Postoperative pain control with epidural anestheaia was managed with continuous drug infusor after 1991, and it was managed with single bolus injection before 1991. In conclusion, epidural anesthesia is a safe regional anesthesia that will reduce the incidence of hypotension provided that careful control of the aensory level to be anesthetiaed is taken under consideration along with the age, physical status, site of operation, volume of local anesthetics and it is effective for the postoperative pain control with continuous infusion of morphine sulfate and local anesthetic through catheter.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Catheters ; Epidural Space ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin