The multistage maximal exercise test was performed to 135 cases with various heart disease and 207 control group between jan. 1980 and Dec. 1980 in KoreaGeneral Hospital. The change of heart rate, blood pressure and ST segment in various heart disease were compared with those in control group. The results were followings; 1. There were 130 male and 77 female of cases with control group, whose mean age were 50 years old. 2. General check up was the most common underlying disease of control group(67 patients) and the others were gastritis (28), neurosis (24), diabets mellitus (17), hepatitis (4) and peptic ulcer (4) frequency. 3. Change of heart rate, blood pressure and ST segment in control group during GXT were 89~154, 119/80~157/88 mmHg and 0.6~2 mm. 4. There were 81 male and 51 female of cases with various heart disease group, whose mean age were 50 years old. 5. Atherosclerotic heart disease was the most common underlying disease of various heart disease group (49 patients) and the others were hypertension (34), hypertensive cardiovascular disease (22), labile hypertension (14), angina (7), arrythmia (6) and others (3) in frequency. 6. Change of heart rate, blood pressure and ST segment in various heart disease group during GXT were 85~148, 140/93~178/102 mmHg and -0.7~1.3mm. ST segment in atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, hypertensive cardiovascular disease, valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction were significantly depressed(p<0.05) compared with ST segment in control group.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Exercise Test* ; Female ; Gastritis ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart Rate ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Heart* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Peptic Ulcer

The hypotensive effect of tripamide(Normonal(R)) were evaluated in 31 cases of essential hypertension. Fifteen to thirty mg of tripamide per day were administered continuously for 8 weeks. The results were as follows; 1) The systolic blood pressure was significantly lowered from 175+/-15 mmHg(Mean+/-SD) before treatment to 144+/-17 mmHg after treatment(p<0.01), and the diastolic blood pressure was significantly lowered from 106+/-11 mmHg before treatment to 90+/-12 mmHg after treatment(p<0.01). 2) The systolic blood pressure was lowered 20 mmHg or more in 25 out of 31 cases(80.7%), and the diastolic blood pressure was decreased 10 mmHg or more in 25 out of 31 cases(80.7%) at the end of 8 weeks treatement. 3) There was no significantl differences in the level of SGOT, serum cholesterol, serum electrolytes(Na+, K+, Cl-), BUN, creatinine and urinc acid before and after treatment with tripamide. 4) In most cases the subjective symptoms disappeared or became easier after tripamide treatment. 5) Profound weakness was developed in 2 cases during tripamide administration.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Hypertension*

Morning glory syndrome is a rare congenital clinical entity that results from abnormal optic nerve development. In 1970, Kindler reported on ten patients having this anomaly and coined the term "morning glory syndrome" because of its similarity to the flower. The ophthalmoscopic picture is characterized by an enlarged pink excavated optic disk containing a mass of white tissue at its center, surrounding the disk is a wide, grey, elevated annulus of chorioretinal pigment disturbance. The retinal vessels appear as multiple radially oriented branches near the edge of the disk. Vision is usually markedly reduced. We experienced four cases of morning glory syndrome demonstrating various ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic features.
Flowers ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Numismatics ; Optic Disk ; Optic Nerve ; Retinal Vessels

Varying types of polyps could occur in the vermiform appendix. However, it is very unusual. Collins found 57 cases (0.08%) of benign mucosal polyps in the 71,000 cases of appendectomy specimens. There has been no reported case of appendiceal polyp in the literature in Korea. The authors experienced two cases of polyp in the vermiform appendix. The first case was a 51 year-old male patient who received a left hemicolectomy due to colonic polyposis. The second case was a 71 year-old male patient who was treated by appendectomy under the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The microscopic type of both cases were hyperplastic polyp.
Male ; Humans

Actins ; Hyalin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myoepithelioma ; Palate, Hard ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Vimentin

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity increases the susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The mulberry plant has been reported to have health benefits, such as hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects.This study examined the effects of a mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit ethanol extract (MBEE) on dyslipidemia, liver steatosis, and adipokine imbalance in response to a high-fat diet.MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 4 groups containing 6 rats each and fed either a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a high-fat diet with MBEE of 150 mg/kg/day (LMB) or 300 mg/kg/day (HMB). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were measured spectrophotometrically.The leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The plasma TG levels were similar in the 4 groups. Plasma cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HFD group compared with the CON group, whereas those values decreased in the LMB group (P < 0.05), indicating that MBEE had a plasma lipid-lowering effect. HDL-C decreased in the HFD group, but MBEE did not affect the HDL-C level. The HFD rats significantly increased hepatic TG and cholesterol levels and plasma ALT and AST activities compared to the CON group. The hepatic TG level and ALT and AST activities were reduced markedly by the MBEE treatment. The HFD group showed a higher PAI-1 level, whereas MBEE treatment, especially in the HMB group, significantly reduced leptin level, and leptin/adiponectin and PAI-1/ adiponectin ratios. These findings suggest that MBEE altered the imbalance between the proand anti-inflammatory adipokines to a more anti-inflammatory state. CONCLUSIONS MBEE could protect against abnormal lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet, lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C, and hepatic TG. These findings are associated with the regulating effect of MBEE on the leptin/ adiponectin and PAI-1/adiponectin ratios.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thyroid papillary carcinoma usually progresses slowly and invades the surrounding tissues infrequently. About 10% of thyroid papillary carcinoma takes to local invasion that include larynx, pharynx, esophagus, and trachea. However, when invasion occurs, it becomes the source of significant morbidity and mortality to the patient. The main cause of death in thyroid papillary carcinoma is inappropriate treatment of local invasion. This study was designed to investigate the frequency and structure of local invasion, type of surgical treatment, complication and recurrence of locally invasive thyroid papillary carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Between August 1996 and July 2004, 114 patients were diagnosed with thyroid papillary carcinoma and were treated surgically at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-head & neck surgery, Inha Univ. Hospital. Preoperative evaluation included needle aspiration biopsy, thyroid function test, computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Study was done retrospectively. RESULTS: Local invasion in thyroid papillary carcinoma was observed in 24% (27/114) of the thyroid papillary carcinoma. The most common invasion site was the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all patients and was combined with radical procedures that included laryngectomy, pharyngectomy or with conservative procedures that included tracheal shaving and so on. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 19% of the cases and the most common site of local invasion was cervical lymph node. One case (4%) of patients died of locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSION: Thyroid papillary carcinoma frequently invades the surrounding structure. We believe that precise preoperative evaluation and treatment including primary resection specific to preoperative evaluation, the management of cervical lymph node metastasis and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy may all contribute to decreasing the mortality and morbidity of locally invasive thyroid papillary carcinoma.
Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Cause of Death ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Iodine ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Neck ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pharyngectomy ; Pharynx ; Recurrence ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy ; Trachea

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been a well-known systemic autoimmune disease with hematologic abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is defined as a clonal expansion of BM derived pluripotent stem cells. Although SLE and MDS are independent disease entities, there have been several reports regarding rheumatic manifestations of MDS, which suggest that there might be a relationship between these two diseases in the pathogenetic sequence. We reviewed our cases of MDS and SLE and encountered four patients with both MDS and SLE, both of which developed concurrently. They were all women from 15 to 50 years old. They had anemia or pancytopenia. Bone marrow findings were disclosed as MDS, RA or hypoplastic MDS, RA. They had positive ANA at a titer above 1:160 of homogeneous, speckled, or dense cytoplasmic pattern. Double-stranded DNA levels increased in all cases, whereas serum complement and immunoglobulin levels were decreased except in case 1.
Anemia ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bone Marrow ; Complement System Proteins ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Leukopenia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Pancytopenia ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Stem Cells ; Thrombocytopenia

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a common technique used to treat plamar hyperhiodrosis. The complications of thoracoscopic sympathectomy are rare. Recently, we experienced a complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) after thoracoscopic sympathecotomy in a patient with hyperhidrosis. The treatment of this complication was chemical epidural sympathetic block and conservative pain control. The result of this treatment was good. The patient was recovered after one month.
Humans ; Hyperhidrosis* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Sympathectomy* ; Thoracoscopy

BACKGROUND: Surgical hepatic inflow obstructions such as the Pringle Maneuver (PM) or hepatic vascular exclusion (HVE) can reduce bleeding during hepatic resection, but ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver and systemic hemodynamic changes are also inevitable during and after PM or HVE. Nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. We evaluated hemodynamic changes and changes of nitric oxide during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury excluding the effects of intestinal ischemia. METHODS: Liver ischemia was induced by clamping of the portal triad, infrahepatic and suprahepatic inferior vena cava for 90 minutes. To exclude the effects of intestinal ischemia during liver ischemia, portal and iliac venous blood was bypassed to the jugular vein using a pump. Hemodynamic parameters and nitric oxide were measured serially; before and during ischemia, and after reperfusion. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was well-maintained during ischemia, but after reperfusion, MAP, cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) significantly decreased (35 - 40, 30 - 40 and 30%, respectively) postischemia. Compared to preischemia, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate did not change after reperfusion. Pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure significantly increased (220 - 250% and 60 - 70%) after reperfusion. Nitric oxide (NO) did not change until 20 minutes after reperfusion, but after 40 minutes reperfusion, NO significantly decreased (20%) compared to preischemia. CONCLUSIONS: After 90 minutes warm liver ischemia/reperfusion causes hypotension induced by decreased CO and SV. Increased PVR seems to be the cause of decreased CO and SV. NO-SVR interaction does not seem to be the cause of postreperfusion hypotension.
Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Constriction ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Hemorrhage ; Hypotension ; Ischemia ; Jugular Veins ; Liver* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Reperfusion ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance ; Vena Cava, Inferior