No abstract available.
Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Spinal Stenosis*

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Burns* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Burns* ; Humans

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis is the fracture of both pedicles and is called commonly as hangman' s fracture. The fractures with the anterior displacement more than 3mm and the angulation, more than 11 degrees were classified as unstable and the surgical methods were recommended for the treatment of the fractures. As for the surgical methods, anterior C2-3 fusion with plate fixation or transpedicular screw fixation were used. However, the differences between the clinical results of both methods were not reported in the literatures. In order to clarisy the clinical results of both methods, the authors evaluated the clinical results of 11 patients treated by anterior plate fixation and 7 patients treated by transpedicular fixation who were operated on between Mar. 1987 and,Jan: 1992. Minimum follow-up period was 12 months. 1. As the surgical complications, two cases of transient dysphagia in anterior fixation group and three cases of malinserted screw in transpedicular fixation group were observed. 2. Limitation of rotatory neck motion, less than 20 degrees in one direction was observed in four cases of transpedicular fixation group. 3. Anterior angulation, more than 10 degrees was noted in three cases of transpedicular group. 4. Mild intermittent neck pain was observed in two cases of anterior fixation group and two cases of transpedicular fixation group. Constant neck pain was present in three cases of transpedicular fixation group. 5. Over-all clinical results were excellent or good in all of anterior fixation group, and in four of seven transpedicular group. Although the clinical materials were limited in number, method of anterior plate fixation was recommended by the authors in the management of traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis, because of the easier technique and the better clinical results than the transpedicular screw fixation.
Deglutition Disorders ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methods ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Quality control is important for accurate diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and proficiency testing with external quality controls is an important part of quality control. This study intended to develop and supply customized external quality controls for HIV antigen/antibody testing fitted with currently used reagents for standardization of HIV infection diagnosis and evaluation of HIV testing competency of laboratories in Korea. METHODS: Serological tests and inactivation were performed on the obtained HIV antibody positive plasma. To manufacture quality controls having the required antibody titers, dilution ratio was searched using VIDAS (bioMérieux, France), Architect (Abbott Laboratories, USA), and Cobas 8000 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) analyzers. Diluted source plasma was divided into aliquots after filtering. Homogeneity and stability of the produced external quality controls were evaluated. RESULTS: The collected HIV antibody positive plasma was confirmed by Western blot. Dilution ratios for source plasma were produced for each analyzer showing signal-to-cut-off 2–3, 5–7, and 15–16 reactivity. Diluted plasma was made to 1 mL aliquots and total set of 1,500 external quality controls for HIV antigen/antibody were manufactured. Produced controls satisfied the required criteria of homogeneity and showed less than 10% coefficient of variation for stability except negative controls. CONCLUSIONS: Customized external quality controls were developed and qualified for HIV testing reagents used in Korea. Continuous external quality control assessment for HIV tests with controls would be required.
Blotting, Western ; Diagnosis ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Indicators and Reagents ; Korea* ; Plasma ; Quality Control* ; Serologic Tests

After portal vein occlusion, portal to portal collaterals (hepatopetal) develop from preexisting periportal vessels or recanalization of the thrombosed portal vein, undergo compensatory enlargement, bypass the obstructed extrahepatic occlusion and reconstitute the intrahepatic portal branches. Angiographically, collateral veins are seen as multiple tortous winding veins in the porta hepatis and are described as a cavemous transformation of the portal vein. When the common bile duct or gall bladder is compressed by collateral veins, a cholangiogram demonstrates multiple smooth intramural defects and jaundice can develop due to the partial obstruction of the bile duct. Demonstration of the cavernous transformation of the portal vein can be done by ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance, but Doppler ultrasonography and direct or indirect portography are needed to evaluate its hemodynamic change. We present a 35-year-old female patient complaining repeated jaundice, in whom common bile duct and gall bladder varices accompanied by cavernous transformation of the portal vein and intrahepatic stones were diagnosed by ultrasonography, abdominal computed tomography, ERCP, and Doppler ultrasonograpy and confirmed by surgery. ERCP demonstrated the irregular contour of the common bile duct and gall bladder due to multiple smooth intramural defects. Doppler utrasongraphy revealed the unique flow signal of portal vasculature from the tortous vessls in the porta hepatis and from the vascular structures on the wall of the gall bladder.
Adult ; Bile Ducts ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Common Bile Duct* ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Portal Vein ; Portography ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins ; Wind