Porencephaly is relatively rare condition defined by an defect or a defect or cavity in the cerebrum owing to a developmental malformation or to a destructive lesion. Fory-five porencephaly patients diagnosed by Brain CT were clinically analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) By the age group presenting initial symptoms, the peak incidence was from 1 month to below 3 years old. 2) In initial symptoms, seizure, spastic weakness, headache were showed in order of frequency. But 7 cases (15.5%) were asymptomatic. 3) The latency of diagnosis after presenting initial symptoms from the symptom onset time to 10 years. 4) The subsequent symptoms were as follows: spastic weakness, speech disturbance, gait disturbance, mental retardation, sensory loss and seizure showed independently or combined. 5) As etiologic factor, 21 cases (46.7%) were congenital, 16 cases (35.5%) were post-traumatic or post-operative and 8 cases (17.8%) were perinatal. 6) The prognosis was seen various from mild to severe. Out of 45 cases, 29 cases (64.4%) were no complications. But the prognosis in patients with post-traumatic or postoperative etiological factors was poor. With the advent of brain CT and the resultant capability of detecting structural defect and cerebral lesions responsible for epilepsy or focal neurologic signs, porencephaly was seen to be readily recongizable by CT examination. Since porencephaly is a significant contributor to the spectrum of CNS lesion and benign condition, ist recognition is important in determining prognosis and therapy.
Brain ; Cerebrum ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To report the treatment results of 7 cases of distal radius nonunion with a review of the relevant literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients treated with an autoiliac bone graft and rigid internal fixation for nonunion of the distal radius were analyzed retrospectively for the cause of injury, the factors affecting nonunion, radiological findings, treatment method and complications. The results were analyzed radiologically using Kreder's method and functionally using the Anderson' protocols. RESULTS: Union was achieved in all cases after a mean period of 19 weeks. The functional result of treatment at the last follow-up was excellent in 4 cases and satisfactory in 3 cases. The probable factors of nonunion were instability of the fracture site in three cases, type II or III open fracture in 2 cases, postoperative infection in one case and idiopathic in one case. CONCLUSION: Infection control using a stepwise operation, rigid internal fixation and autogenous iliac bone graft showed satisfactory results in distal radius nonunion, which had developed in those with severe open fractures, postoperative infection, instability on the fracture site and associated distal ulnar fracture.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

PURPOSE: High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is used to support infants with severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional ventilation (CV). We reviewed chest radiographs before and after HFOV with clinical correlation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: Eighteen very low birth weight infants with RDS who had HFOV were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed as having RDS clinically and radiologically. Mean gestational age of infants was 27 weeks (range : 24-31 weeks). The mean duration of HFOV was 3 days (range : 14 hours-9 days). The chest radiographs of these infants within 3 hours before and after application of HFOV were retrospectively reviewed. Radiological findings based on aeration and parenchymal densities were classified into improved, no change, and progressed. Medical records were reviewed for FiO2 levels, clinical outcomes, complications, and causes of death. RESULTS: In 15 of 18 infants, aeration and parenchymal densities were improved and FiO2 levels were also improved after HFOV. Four of these 15 infants who showed improvement of radiological findings developed pneumothorax, sepsis, pulmonary or intestinal bleeding, and subsequently died. In remaining 3 infants in whom chest radiographs after HFOV showed no interval change or progression, oxygenation was also worsened and all died. CONCLUSION: Chest radiographs of HFOV-treated, very low birth weight infants showed improvement of aeration and parenchymal densities in most cases. Clinical outcome was good in infants who showed improvement on chest radiographs compared to those of progression group as far as there was no associated complication. Knowledge of radiological changes after HFOV will help in interpretation of chest radiographs in those HFOV-treated infants.
Cause of Death ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Medical Records ; Oxygen ; Pneumothorax ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Ventilation*

Several different methods of urinary diversion currently are available in conjunction with radical cystectomy. We reviewed our last 30 months of experience with diversion in 56 patients with bladder cancer undergoing surgery from May, 1990 through October. 1992 and focused on the decision- making process used to select the type of diversion. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Of the 56 patients. 27 patients had a diversion with an external appliance (26 via an ileal conduit and 1 via a cutaneous ureterostomy), 15 patients had a diversion with a continent urinary reservoir(Indiana pouch) and 14 patients had a diversion with an internal reservoir anastomosed to the urethra( 13 via an ileocolic neobladder and 1 via a Camey procedure). 2. The ileal conduit was evenly performed during the period. But the Indiana pouch was more performed between May 1990 and April 1991 and the ileocolic neobladder was mainly per formed since May 1991. 3. There were 50 men and 6 women. The majority of female patients (83%) underwent the Indiana pouch. The ileocolic neobladder was performed in patients who were relatively young and in good medical condition. 4. Urodynamic studies of the Indiana pouch and ileocolic neobladder performed at 6 months postoperatively showed low pressure, large capacity reservoir and high outlet (plicated ileum or urethra) resistance. All patients achieved satisfactory continence during the day. However.1 or 13 patients who underwent the ileocolic neobladder was incontinent at night. In conclusion. there are inherent advantages and disadvantages to each form of urinary diversion. Our general policy is the ileal conduit remains the most wise diversion in most patients but the alternative methods may be reasonable in certain circumstances and patients selection will be important to identify the most appropriate method of diversion for individual. Though the follow-up period is not long enough. Indiana pouch and ileocolic neobladder met the demands for ideal form of urinary diversion. With improvement in the technical aspects or the continent and internal functional reservoir, the number of patients having these reservoirs will increase.
Cystectomy* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileum ; Indiana ; Male ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Diversion* ; Urodynamics

No abstract available.
Plasma* ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.
Hemangioma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Seoul*

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a connective tissue disease which can affect every organ system. Neurologic abnormalities are common, occuring in approximately half of all patients at some time during the course of their illness. But symptoms of nervous system as the sole presenting symptoms occur in less than 1% of lupus patients. In patients initially presenting with neurologic symptoms and signs, differential diagnosis is difficult and sometimes it may be misdiagnosed. Therefore extensive laboratory investigations should be carried out in all patients with unusual neurological symptoms, since early diagnosis of lupus can help in providing effective treatment. We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with dysarthria and dysphagia resembling multiple sclerosis.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysarthria ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Nervous System ; Neurologic Manifestations

Infantile myofibromatosis is an uncommon, benign, probably hamai tomatous proliferation of myofibroblasts. This lesions are most often present before the age of 2 years, show a male predomenance and may be multiple or solitary. The solitary lesions arise in the dermis, subcutis, or deep soft tissue, most commonly in the head and neek region or trunk. The elinical coirse is benign and spontaneous regression is not infrequent. A female newborn presented with a turmr lesion on the upper portion of the right eyelid. Physical examination showed a firm, non-tender, fixed, erythematous, 3 x 3cm sized tumor. Histologic examinatign revealed a spindle cell tumor in the deimis with a whorled arrangemant and grouped fescicles. There was no evidence for potential visceval and bony involvement. Follow-up examination at 6 months of aige revealed a remarkable degree of spoitaneous involution.
Dermis ; Eyelids ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myofibroblasts ; Myofibromatosis ; Physical Examination

BACKGROUND: Recent evidences suggest that anesthetic action within the spinal cord is important in suppressing somatic responses to painful stimuli. Intrathecal endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have antinociceptive effect. The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether intrathecal ET-1 may influence the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats and access the role of the spinal cord as the sites of anesthetic action in blocking somatic responsiveness. METHODS: In Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with an indwelling intrathecal catheter, we determined the MAC of isoflurane using a tail-clamp technique as a painful stimulus, combined with end-tidal anesthetic sampling. In experiment 1, the control MAC was determined and changes of control MAC were observed after intrathecal ET-1 (4x10-2 nmol, 4x10-3 nmol) administration. In experiment 2, we observed the effects of L or N type Ca++ channel blocker such as verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) on the MAC after measurement of the control MAC. In experiment 3, after measurement of the control MAC, ET-1 (10-2 nmol) was administered intrathecally and the MAC was determined again. Next, intrathecal verapamil (50 g) or W-conotoxin (0.5 g) was injected. After that, the MAC was determined again. RESULTS: In experiment 1, ET-1 decreased the MAC of isoflurane and its effect was sustained over 2 hours. In experiment 2, the MAC, determined following administration of verapamil or W-conotoxin, was not different from that of the control. In experiment 3, the MAC was decreased after ET-1 administration and then increased following injection of verapamil or W-conotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that ET-1, in relation to calcium, might play an important role in determining the MAC of isoflurane in the spinal cord.
Animals ; Calcium ; Catheters ; Endothelin-1* ; Isoflurane* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; Verapamil