No abstract available.
Aged, 80 and over* ; Humans

The parathyroid carcinoma is rare disorder and its reported incidence is 1-2% of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid cancer shows more profound clinical symptoms and signs than adenoma or hyperplasia: more severe renal and bony complications, higher calcium levels (>15 mg/dL) and palpable neck mass. It usually diagnosed after operation when it shows malignant pathologic findings, local invasion, distant metastasis, or even recurrence. The treatment is surgical resection. Hypokalemia is relatively common feature of primary hyperparathyroidism but it should be marked because of its arrhythmogenic effect when accompanies with hypercalcemia. We experienced a hyperfunctioning parathyroid carcinoma in 53 year old rnan confirmed postoperatively which showed hypokalemia normalized after operation.
Adenoma ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperplasia ; Hypokalemia* ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parathyroid Neoplasms* ; Recurrence

Colonic sarcomatoid carcinomas are known to be extremely rare tumors, with only 22 cases reported either as sarcomatoid carcinomas or carcinosarcomas in the literature. The known characteristics are rapid growth, a high recurrence rate, and an extremely poor prognosis. Herein we report a case of a patient who had a sarcomatoid carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and died only 22 days after surgery due to rapid tumor growth.
Carcinosarcoma ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

We sudied, with echocardiography as a main tool, the natural processes of 211 patients with uncomplicated ventricular septal defect (VSD) (incidence, 5.33 per 1,000 live births); 146 (69.2%) had a perimenbranous VSD and 32 (15.2%) had a subarterial, 25 (11.8%) had a muscular type of VSD. Cumulative rate of spontaneous closure was 26.1%. In the closure processes, about three-fourth of perimembranous VSD showed a partial closure or tunnel formation by changes of septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, remaining one-fourth showed a "functional" complete closure. Four of 58 neonates had a partially closed-perimembranous VSD. Rates of infundibular stenosis and Eisenmenger syndrome were 6.6% and 1.4% respectively. Aortic prolapse with insufficiency was detected in 6 patients who were over 6 years of age. Surgical closure was required in 27.5% of all studied patients and in 12% of infants (14 of 177). No natural deaths were observed during the study-periods of recent 3 years. But, 3 of 58 (5.2%) were dead postoperativel (two were early, one late). Doppler color flow mapping is a valuble aid in the diagnosis of VSD and may be on reason for the observed increase in the incidence of VSDs.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Eisenmenger Complex ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Prolapse ; Tricuspid Valve

In eyes with media opacity and equivocal ultrasonographic findings, we can differenciate retinal detachment from vitreous membrane using color doppler imaging(CDI), which allows the display of blood flow characteristics on conventional ultrasonography. The authors performed high resolution Bscan ultrasonography and color doppler imaging simultaneously in 31 eyes with opacity of ocular media, and their intraoperative characteristics and post operative results were evaluated. In 30 eyes with retinal detachment or vitreous membrane, 7 eyes(23%) had equivocal ultrasonographic findings and needed color doppler imaging. Nine eyes(75%) had positive color signal in 12 eyes with retinal detachment, whereas 3 eyes negative. 17 eyes(94%) had negative color signal in 18 eyes with vitreous membrane, 1 eye with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had positive. In conclusion, color doppler imaging is a useful diagnostic method in differentiating retinal detachment from vitreous membrane.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Membranes* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ultrasonography

The posterior fossa, containing roughly 6ne fourth of the intracranial contents, is the site of about 30-35% of the intracranial tumors. The incidence of primary tumors in the posterior fossa is quite different from that of the cerebivm. We analysed 124 cases of posterior fossa tumor, over a 10 year period, to understand the status of posterior fossa tumor and its histologic characteristics. Medulloblastoma was most common(37cases, 29.8%), followed by astrocytoma, hemangiobla-stoma, ependymoma, meningioma, metastatic tumor, arteriovenous malformation and choroid plexus papilloma in descending order of frequency. Tumors were found most frequently between the ages of two and ten years(28.2%) and sixty seven(54.0%) cases were diagnosed before the age of fifteen. The ratio of male to female was 60 : 64. Astrocytoma revealed a characteristic juvenile pilocytic type and a microcystic change. Hemangioblastoma showed higher frequency(17.7%) than previous reports and the origin of tumor cells is still equivocal. Other tumors revealed the same histologic features as other intracranial tumors.
Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Prenatal development of the thoracic aorta of the human during the period ranging from gestation weeks 7 (C-R length 20mm) to 30 (C-R length 260mm) was examined by transmission electron microscopy and the following results were obtained. The early form of cuboidal or columnar endothelial cells at 7-9 weeks of gestation changed gradually to typical flat endothelial cells at 12-14 weeks of gestation. At 9 weeks of gestation, the mesenchymal cells begin to differentiate to myoblasts, which have small clusters of myofilaments with dense bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum. And from 14 weeks the differentiating cells begin to form a parallel concentric lamellar structure. At 12th week of gestation, elastic fibers were first seen in subendothelial connective tissue and the intercellular spaces between smooth muscle cells. Elastic fibers appeared as small globular shape which composed of a central core of elastic and peripheral microfibrils. From this period the amount of elastic fibers and their aggregation increases gradually in both the subendothelial space and the intercellular spaces between smooth muscle cells. At 30th week of gestation, subendothelial elastic fibers almost completed the internal elastic lamina and also well formed elastic laminae were seen between the smooth muscle cells adjacent to endothelial cells. However, in the space between the smooth muscle cells near the adventitia the elastic lamina formation is delayed. In the adventitia elastic fiber were scanty but collagen fibers are abundant.
Adventitia ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Elastic Tissue ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Endothelial Cells ; Extracellular Space ; Fetus* ; Humans* ; Microfibrils ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myoblasts ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myofibrils ; Pregnancy

Mitral regurgitation (MR) was analyzed by Doppler echocardiography, preoperatively and postoperatively, in 59 patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The ratio of left atrial dimension and aortic root dimension (LAD/AOD) and the maximal velocity of the mitral valve (MVmax) were compared in pre, postop group. The degree of the regurgitation was given to the MR group. In preop MR group (13 of 59,22%), we compared the LAD/AOD by echo and the Qp/Qs by catheterization with non-MR group. The following results were obtained: 1) In preop MR group, about half of them had a grade 1 regurgitation, where as one fourth showed grade 2, remaining one fourth showed grade 3. The later were all changed to grade 2, postoperatively. The whiffle or mild MR (grade 1 or 2) shown preoperatively were slightly reduced in their degrees of regurgitation, but most were not disappeared and persisted to 7th postop day. 2) LAD/AOD and MVmax were significantly reduced at postop state of PDA. 3) In preop MR group (n=13), LAD/AOD was significantly increased. Qp/Qs was higher in MR grade 2 group (n=6). In conclusion, left atrial dilatation could be a factor causing mitral regurgitation in the PDA. The amount of the pulmonary blood flow also related to that. The size of the PDA itself, Rp/Rs and associated cardiac lesions were not related to the regurgitation.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Dilatation ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency*

Gastric polyp is a cinical term without any pathological significance. lt referes merely to any benign, mucosal lesions that protrudes in to the gastric lumen, but conventlonaily it includes a malignaiit lesion which seems to be degenerated from benign one. (continue...)
Polyps*

I deeply regret but request a retraction of our paper published in Immune Network.