Aniridia or irideremia is characterized by reduction of iris or absence of total iris, but a rudimentary iris is always present in most cases. This congenital anomaly is familial and the transmission is strongly dominant by an autosomal gene. It demonstrates high penetrance and variable expression. Aniridia is mainly due to a primary defect in development of the neural ectoderm and an aberrant development of the mesoderm. Glaucoma and cataract in the eye is frequently complicated with other deformities of the body and the treatment is not satisfactory. The author have experienced a case of aniridic family which is composed of 7 persons. Of these, the father, one son and 3 daughters are affected with aniridia, cataract, nystagmus and amblyopia and the mother and one son are healthy. The author reports this cases with the review of literature.
Amblyopia ; Aniridia* ; Cataract ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectoderm ; Fathers ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iris ; Mesoderm ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Penetrance

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Child* ; Colon* ; Humans ; Mucins*

The authors present a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea which is inherited as a recessive trait. The patient was 43 years old female housewife who had suffered from photophobia, frequent tearing, foreign body sensation and gradually increasing visual dimness since early childhood. Partial penetrating keratoplasty was performed. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea with a brief review of relating literatures.
Adult ; Cornea* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Macular Degeneration* ; Photophobia ; Sensation ; Tears

Water's view was used to establish the presence of a foreign body and its approximate position and then the accurate localization of the foreign body was assessed in postero-anterior and lateral views of skull with reference to a thin and long indicator attached to the sclera, At the site nearest the foreign body, a lamellar scleral undermining (about 5 mm) was performed on both sides of a single scleral incision which was parallel to the limbus, (about 15 mm). Surface diathermies were applied in the area undermined. The choroid was exposed by means of double scleral trap door incision. The foreign body was attached to the magnet tip when the hand magnet was brought up to the choroid. After extraction of the foreign body, mattress suture was then inserted in the undermining sclera. Scleral buckling was done using a preserved scleral implant. In contrast to the 41.7 percent sucess in removal of the foreign body by Comberg's technique and pars plana approach, we removed all of the foreign bodies by the above mentioned method in 11 cases. In my opinion, this localization of the foreign body is very accurate and the magnetic foreign body, although it is engaged by fibrous tissue, can be removed by this method in all patients. This method is very effective for prophylaxis and treatment of retinal detachment occuring in the course of removal of the intraocular foreign body.
Choroid ; Diathermy ; Foreign Bodies* ; Hand ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment ; Sclera ; Scleral Buckling ; Skull ; Sutures

As a contrast to the surgery described in part I, a lamellar undermining was performed in a conventional way. The sclera was lamellarly undermined on the retinal hole areas which extended at least 3 mm beyond the disc edge of the retinal breaks. If the scleral buckling with a circling element is indicated the location of the undermined area determines whether the circling band must follow the globe's equator or another great circle around the eye, The technique for decreasing a vitreoretinal traction used in this series of cases was that proposed by Schepens. Of 56 surgical procedures for retinal detachment, there was a case of an unsuccessful closure of the retinal break due to fishmouthing of the posterior edge of the break. The technique proposed by Schepens was sufficiently promising. But it has the following drawbacks; difficulties in exact hole localization in a high detached retina, anchoring sutures of the circling band behind the equator and problems to protect the vortex veins from the circling band etc. Our experience since 1978, led us to modify the conventional view, in favor of the circumferential buckling on the equator.
Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Sclera ; Scleral Buckling ; Sutures ; Traction ; Veins

We studied 49 patients who showed partially accommodative esotropia retrospectively. They were glasses for accommodative component and underwent surgery for nonaccommodative one. The mean value of refractive error was +4.41 +/- 2.04 D. The mean deviation angle of accommodative component was 20.78 +/- 12.59 PD (prism diopter), and the one of non-accommodative component was 30.45 +/- 15.12 PD. Mild amblyopia was shown in 58% of these patients. The DVD or IOOA was infrequently accompanied in these patients. Stereopsis was much improved after straightening eyes. Deterioration was noticed in 14% of the patients. The longer the duration between onset and the time at straightening eyes, and the earlier the onset of deviation, the more deterioration was noticed. This study revealed that the characteristics of partially accommodative esotropia was similar to the accommodative esotropia.
Amblyopia ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies

We studied 49 patients who showed partially accommodative esotropia retrospectively. They were glasses for accommodative component and underwent surgery for nonaccommodative one. The mean value of refractive error was +4.41 +/- 2.04 D. The mean deviation angle of accommodative component was 20.78 +/- 12.59 PD (prism diopter), and the one of non-accommodative component was 30.45 +/- 15.12 PD. Mild amblyopia was shown in 58% of these patients. The DVD or IOOA was infrequently accompanied in these patients. Stereopsis was much improved after straightening eyes. Deterioration was noticed in 14% of the patients. The longer the duration between onset and the time at straightening eyes, and the earlier the onset of deviation, the more deterioration was noticed. This study revealed that the characteristics of partially accommodative esotropia was similar to the accommodative esotropia.
Amblyopia ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the five general factors (subjective health, eating habits, physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and sleeping behaviors) and to compare the latent means between male and female middle school students in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The 2008 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was used for analysis. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. RESULTS: Configural invariance, metric invariance, and factor invariance were satisfied for latent means analysis (LMA) between genders. Male and female students were significantly different in LMA of all factors. Male students reported better subjective health, consumed more fast food and carbonated drinks, participated in more physical activities, showed less sedentary behavior, and enjoyed better quality of sleep than female students. CONCLUSION: Health providers should consider gender differences when they develop and deliver health promotion programs aimed at adolescents.
Adolescent ; Carbonated Beverages ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Risk-Taking ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Sex Characteristics

Brown's syndrome is a clinical entity which shows restriction of elevation in the adducted position of the affected eye and in which the forced duction test for elevation in adduction is positive. The syndrome has been found to be bilateral in 10% of the cases. The authors experienced Brown's syndrome of both eyes associated with exophoria-tropia and both superior oblique overaction(SOOA OU) in an 18-year-old girl. We performed tenotomy of the superior oblique muscles in both eyes and 8mm recession of left lateral rectus muscle. After operation, orthophoria was achieved in primary, up and downgaze and SOOA of both eyes disappeared and there is only mild restriction of elevation in adduction in each eyes. The same findings were shown in follow up of 6 month after operation.
Adolescent ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscles ; Tenotomy

Congenital anophthalmos is fairly rare malformation in which the eyeball is apparently absent. We experienced a 10-day-old boy, who had a congenital anophthalmos of his left eye, a microphthalmos of the other eye and short palpebral fissure of both eyes(right: 12mm, left: 5mm). The absence of left eyeball within a small orbit was confirmed by C-T scanning. We report this interesting case with a brief review of literatures.
Anophthalmos* ; Humans ; Male ; Microphthalmos ; Orbit