Aniridia or irideremia is characterized by reduction of iris or absence of total iris, but a rudimentary iris is always present in most cases. This congenital anomaly is familial and the transmission is strongly dominant by an autosomal gene. It demonstrates high penetrance and variable expression. Aniridia is mainly due to a primary defect in development of the neural ectoderm and an aberrant development of the mesoderm. Glaucoma and cataract in the eye is frequently complicated with other deformities of the body and the treatment is not satisfactory. The author have experienced a case of aniridic family which is composed of 7 persons. Of these, the father, one son and 3 daughters are affected with aniridia, cataract, nystagmus and amblyopia and the mother and one son are healthy. The author reports this cases with the review of literature.
Amblyopia ; Aniridia* ; Cataract ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectoderm ; Fathers ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iris ; Mesoderm ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Penetrance

An anatomical evaluation of the limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion of the horizontal rectus muscle had been measured on enuclated eyes from normal adult cadavers by several authors. We measured the variation in the limbus-insertion distance and width of 214 horizontal rectus muscles in 111 strabismus patients, composed of 38 esotropes and 73 exotropes. We also evaluated their relation to strabismus. The results were as follows: 1. The average limbus-insertion distance of medial rectus was 4.38 +/- 0.45 mm and lateral rectus was 5.56 +/- 0.84 mm and the average width of medial rectus at insertion was 9.19 +/- 0.78 mm and that of lateral was 8.32 +/- 1.00 mm. 2. The largest values for limbus-insertion distance and width of medial rectus were found in esotropes in the 8 to 13 years old age group(9.76 +/- 0.12 mm and 4.53 +/- 0.44 mm respectively), and those of lateral rectus in exotropes in the 13 to 18 years old age group(8.66 +/- 0.95mm and 6.09 +/- 0.45mm respectively). 3. The limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion was larger in male than in female and it was especially significant in the medial rectus muscle of esotropes(p<0.001). 4. The limbus-insertion distance and width tended to be larger in horizontal deviation greater than 40 delta. as compared to those of 40 delta or less.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles* ; Strabismus*

Cyclic heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis. Usually this appears in a regular 48-hour cycle, although 72-and 96-hour cycles have also been reported. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. In this paper, we present two cases of cyclic esotropia which demonstrated regular 48-hour cycles and were treated with surgery.
Diplopia ; Esotropia* ; Telescopes

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Child* ; Colon* ; Humans ; Mucins*

Authur presents a 43 years old Korean housewife of pulseless disease. Because she had suffered from pulseless disease for a long time, she had many ocular complications, cataract, glaucoma and retinal detachment etc. Finally, phthisis bulbi of both eyes occured with severe left sided ocular pain and we enucleated phthisic left eye. This report describes the histopathological findings in the enucleated eye from the patient with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Cataract ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment ; Takayasu Arteritis*

The authors present a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea which is inherited as a recessive trait. The patient was 43 years old female housewife who had suffered from photophobia, frequent tearing, foreign body sensation and gradually increasing visual dimness since early childhood. Partial penetrating keratoplasty was performed. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea with a brief review of relating literatures.
Adult ; Cornea* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Macular Degeneration* ; Photophobia ; Sensation ; Tears

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the five general factors (subjective health, eating habits, physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and sleeping behaviors) and to compare the latent means between male and female middle school students in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The 2008 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was used for analysis. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. RESULTS: Configural invariance, metric invariance, and factor invariance were satisfied for latent means analysis (LMA) between genders. Male and female students were significantly different in LMA of all factors. Male students reported better subjective health, consumed more fast food and carbonated drinks, participated in more physical activities, showed less sedentary behavior, and enjoyed better quality of sleep than female students. CONCLUSION: Health providers should consider gender differences when they develop and deliver health promotion programs aimed at adolescents.
Adolescent ; Carbonated Beverages ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Risk-Taking ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Sex Characteristics

The procedures available to weaken inferior oblique muscle overaction(IOOA) are disinsertion, tenotomy, myectomy, and recession. But those procedures are ineffective in the cases of 4+ overacting inferior oblique and postoperative return of overaction following those surgeries. The author performed denervation and extirpation in 8 cases with 4+ or marked IOOA and 1 case of return of IOOA following 14mm recession of inferior oblique. None of those has shown a return of IOOA, undercorrection, overcorrection and any other complications such as adherence syndrome at follow-up of at least 10 months.
Denervation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Tenotomy

PURPOSE: To obtain guideline of diagnosis and treatment when hyperdeviation associated with intermittent exotropia shows symptoms similar to superior oblique palsy (SOP). METHODS: We reviewed the charts retrospectively in 27 patients showing simulated SOP in intermittent exotropia, in which hyperdeviation in primary gaze and 10PD or more by Bielschowsky head tilt test were present. Overaction of Inferior oblique, (IOOA) dysfunction of superior oblique, and forveal extorsion more than +2 were excluded including reoperation and head tilt history. All patients were undergone horizontal muscle surgery only. The postoperative changes of deviation were analyzed at postoperative one day, one month, six month, and one year. RESULTS: Average amount of distant horizontal deviation in primary gaze was 32.3+/-9.58PD. Hyperdeviation was 3.8+/-2.52PD. Degree of IOOA averaged +1.18 in hypertropic eye, and +1.06 in hypotropic eye. Only 10 patients (37%) had foveal extorsion less than +2 in degree. Average vertical deviation of hypertropic eye side was 12.7+/-2.93PD on head tilt test. After horizontal surgery only, the amount of hyperdeviation decreased to 1.3PD at 1st day. On head tilt test, hyperdeviation was almost eliminated showing 0.6PD on the hypertropic side and 0.1PD on the contralateral eye at one month. All patients were aligned up to the follow-up of one year. CONCLUSIONS: To differentiate simulated SOP from intermittent exotropia with hyperdeviation, none of head tilt history, mild foveal extorsion, mild oblique dysfunction less than +3, double Maddox rod test, and forced duction test are important guidelines. Horizontal muscle surgery is only needed to remove exodeviation and hyperdeviation.
Diagnosis ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Paralysis* ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies

It is important to detect binocular suppression of pediatric strabismic patients, especially in accommodative esotropes and intermittent exotropes. However, it may take a long time and false results may be obtained in young children. In order to examine binocular suppression, we selected 103 accommodative esotropes with binocular suppression. Vectograph test, Worth 4 dot test, and 4 prism base-out test were performed at distance, and Worth 4 dot test, TNO test, and Bagolini test at near. Titmus fly test and Randot stereotest were administerd to know the relationship between stereoacuity and suppression. In detecting binocular suppression, the true rate of vectogram was 95%, which was the highest result of all tests and 4 prism base-out test was the next with 88% of the true rate. The stereoacuity was increased in proportional to the absence of suppression. The vectographic porject test was the easiest and the most accurate test to identify normal fusion or binocular suppression at distance in young strabismic children. The accuracy will be increased in the combination with 4 prism base-out test. Therefore the vectograph also can be used in the screening of small amount of deviation, monocular amblyopia and low vision in kindergarten and elementary school.
Amblyopia ; Child ; Diptera ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Telescopes* ; Vision, Low