Aniridia or irideremia is characterized by reduction of iris or absence of total iris, but a rudimentary iris is always present in most cases. This congenital anomaly is familial and the transmission is strongly dominant by an autosomal gene. It demonstrates high penetrance and variable expression. Aniridia is mainly due to a primary defect in development of the neural ectoderm and an aberrant development of the mesoderm. Glaucoma and cataract in the eye is frequently complicated with other deformities of the body and the treatment is not satisfactory. The author have experienced a case of aniridic family which is composed of 7 persons. Of these, the father, one son and 3 daughters are affected with aniridia, cataract, nystagmus and amblyopia and the mother and one son are healthy. The author reports this cases with the review of literature.
Amblyopia ; Aniridia* ; Cataract ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectoderm ; Fathers ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iris ; Mesoderm ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Penetrance

Authur presents a 43 years old Korean housewife of pulseless disease. Because she had suffered from pulseless disease for a long time, she had many ocular complications, cataract, glaucoma and retinal detachment etc. Finally, phthisis bulbi of both eyes occured with severe left sided ocular pain and we enucleated phthisic left eye. This report describes the histopathological findings in the enucleated eye from the patient with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Cataract ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment ; Takayasu Arteritis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the five general factors (subjective health, eating habits, physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and sleeping behaviors) and to compare the latent means between male and female middle school students in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The 2008 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was used for analysis. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. RESULTS: Configural invariance, metric invariance, and factor invariance were satisfied for latent means analysis (LMA) between genders. Male and female students were significantly different in LMA of all factors. Male students reported better subjective health, consumed more fast food and carbonated drinks, participated in more physical activities, showed less sedentary behavior, and enjoyed better quality of sleep than female students. CONCLUSION: Health providers should consider gender differences when they develop and deliver health promotion programs aimed at adolescents.
Adolescent ; Carbonated Beverages ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Risk-Taking ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: We performed this study to evaluate the occurrence of consecutive esotropia after early surgery in the patients with intermittent exotropia less than 4 years of age. METHODS: We analyzed the surgical results of 37 patients who underwent surgery before 4 years of age retrospectively. They were followed up at least more than 1 year after surgery. The orthophoria was defined as an exophoria of 0 to 12PD or an esophoria of 0 to 5PD after surgery. The consecutive esotropia was defined as an esodeviation lasting more than 3 months that needed surgical correction due to sensorial deterioration. RESULTS: Preoperative angle of exodeviation at distance ranged from 20PD to 60PD (mean 35.1 +/- 9.2PD). Twenty-seven of 37 patients (75.7%) showed orthophoria after surgery in 1 year follow-up and 20 of 31 patients (64.5%) in 2 years follow-up. Five patients (13.5%) showed recurrence and 4 patients (10.8%) consecutive esotropia. Immediate postoperative overcorrection was 14.1 +/- 8.7PD(0-30) in patients who were orthophoric after postoperative follow-up more than 2 years. The rate of consecutive esotropia was high in patients with an exo-angle of 30PD or more and a large amount of recession of lateral recti more than 7mm. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that consecutive esotropia after early surgery for intermittent exotropia less than 4 years of age was noted to the 10.8%.
Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Cyclic heterotropia represents an interesting ocular motility problem in which the ocular deviation is present on a rhythmic basis. Usually this appears in a regular 48-hour cycle, although 72-and 96-hour cycles have also been reported. On the strabismic day, constant heterotropia is large and associated with suppression and no diplopia. On the nonstrabismic day, no deviation or only a small heterophoria is present with good binocular function. In this paper, we present two cases of cyclic esotropia which demonstrated regular 48-hour cycles and were treated with surgery.
Diplopia ; Esotropia* ; Telescopes

PURPOSE: To determine proper position of lateral gazes and angle of head turn for the measuring lateral incomitancy in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: Twenty-five Korean intermittent exotropes with exoangle more than 25 prism diopters (PD) and 25 orthophoric people were taken. Three lateral gazes were proposed: position A, when the lateral limbus of the abducted eye was off the lateral canthus; position B, when touched the lateral canthus; and position C when was hidden behind the lateral canthus. The angle of deviation and head turn were measured at each position. In the most comfortable position which subjects selected, the length from lateral canthus to lateral limbus (lateral cantho-limbal distance) of the abducted eye was measured. RESULTS: 23 patients of each group selected that position A was the most comfortable. At position A, the mean of cantho-limbal distance in exotropes was 1.19mm at the right lateral gaze and 1.04 mm at left, people with orthophoria showed larger values in both gazes. The average amount of head turn was 24.1 degrees at the right lateral gaze and 24.3 degrees at the left at position A, 27.5 degrees and 34.1 degrees at position B, 27.6 degrees and 33.7degrees at position C. The average angle of exodeviation was 27.4 PD in the primary gaze. It was 21.7 PD in the right lateral gaze and 20.3 PD in the left lateral gaze at position A, 17.9 PD and 17.5 PD at position B, and 9.0 PD and 8.6 PD at position C. CONCLUSIONS: In the measurement of lateral exo-angle to evaluate lateral incomitancy in intermittent exotropia, the most appropriate position of eye and head turn turned to be when the lateral limbus of the abducted eye is about 1mm apart from the lateral canthus with head turn of 25degrees laterally.
Exotropia ; Head* ; Humans

An anatomical evaluation of the limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion of the horizontal rectus muscle had been measured on enuclated eyes from normal adult cadavers by several authors. We measured the variation in the limbus-insertion distance and width of 214 horizontal rectus muscles in 111 strabismus patients, composed of 38 esotropes and 73 exotropes. We also evaluated their relation to strabismus. The results were as follows: 1. The average limbus-insertion distance of medial rectus was 4.38 +/- 0.45 mm and lateral rectus was 5.56 +/- 0.84 mm and the average width of medial rectus at insertion was 9.19 +/- 0.78 mm and that of lateral was 8.32 +/- 1.00 mm. 2. The largest values for limbus-insertion distance and width of medial rectus were found in esotropes in the 8 to 13 years old age group(9.76 +/- 0.12 mm and 4.53 +/- 0.44 mm respectively), and those of lateral rectus in exotropes in the 13 to 18 years old age group(8.66 +/- 0.95mm and 6.09 +/- 0.45mm respectively). 3. The limbus-insertion distance and width at insertion was larger in male than in female and it was especially significant in the medial rectus muscle of esotropes(p<0.001). 4. The limbus-insertion distance and width tended to be larger in horizontal deviation greater than 40 delta. as compared to those of 40 delta or less.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles* ; Strabismus*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Child* ; Colon* ; Humans ; Mucins*

Water's view was used to establish the presence of a foreign body and its approximate position and then the accurate localization of the foreign body was assessed in postero-anterior and lateral views of skull with reference to a thin and long indicator attached to the sclera, At the site nearest the foreign body, a lamellar scleral undermining (about 5 mm) was performed on both sides of a single scleral incision which was parallel to the limbus, (about 15 mm). Surface diathermies were applied in the area undermined. The choroid was exposed by means of double scleral trap door incision. The foreign body was attached to the magnet tip when the hand magnet was brought up to the choroid. After extraction of the foreign body, mattress suture was then inserted in the undermining sclera. Scleral buckling was done using a preserved scleral implant. In contrast to the 41.7 percent sucess in removal of the foreign body by Comberg's technique and pars plana approach, we removed all of the foreign bodies by the above mentioned method in 11 cases. In my opinion, this localization of the foreign body is very accurate and the magnetic foreign body, although it is engaged by fibrous tissue, can be removed by this method in all patients. This method is very effective for prophylaxis and treatment of retinal detachment occuring in the course of removal of the intraocular foreign body.
Choroid ; Diathermy ; Foreign Bodies* ; Hand ; Humans ; Retinal Detachment ; Sclera ; Scleral Buckling ; Skull ; Sutures

As a contrast to the surgery described in part I, a lamellar undermining was performed in a conventional way. The sclera was lamellarly undermined on the retinal hole areas which extended at least 3 mm beyond the disc edge of the retinal breaks. If the scleral buckling with a circling element is indicated the location of the undermined area determines whether the circling band must follow the globe's equator or another great circle around the eye, The technique for decreasing a vitreoretinal traction used in this series of cases was that proposed by Schepens. Of 56 surgical procedures for retinal detachment, there was a case of an unsuccessful closure of the retinal break due to fishmouthing of the posterior edge of the break. The technique proposed by Schepens was sufficiently promising. But it has the following drawbacks; difficulties in exact hole localization in a high detached retina, anchoring sutures of the circling band behind the equator and problems to protect the vortex veins from the circling band etc. Our experience since 1978, led us to modify the conventional view, in favor of the circumferential buckling on the equator.
Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Sclera ; Scleral Buckling ; Sutures ; Traction ; Veins